In 1988, the Academic Exchange Committee of the National Academy of Sciences with China sent a biology delegation to visit China to inspect the development of China's biotechnology in the past 10 years and visited the Institute of Developmental Studies of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and other institutions. In 1989, Dr. Dean H. Hamen of the National Institutes of Health and Professor Shain-dow Kung of the Department of Botany at the University of Maryland compiled the report on their visit to China into the book "Bioengineering in China". Among them, there is a section dedicated to introducing the situation of the Development Institute. In this section, Kong Xianduo and others criticized Niu Manjiang’s many works in China. The book also includes as an appendix an article by Eric H. Davidson, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, which criticizes Niu Manjiang's work more broadly.
This year, Xue Guoxiong, deputy director and associate researcher of Niu Manjiang's laboratory, and four others requested to be transferred due to long-term inability to produce results and unwillingness to tolerate Niu Manjiang's insults.
From 1990 to 1991, Niu Manjiang asked the Institute of Development to support his lawsuit against Kong Xianduo and others, but the Chinese Academy of Sciences refused
Since the beginning of 1990, Niu Manjiang has written to the Institute of Development many times, saying that he I plan to go to court to sue Kong Xianduo and others and ask for support from the Development Institute. Considering that this matter will have an impact at home and abroad, and that development requires a good international and domestic environment to carry out stable research work, on March 12, 1991, the Institute of Development and Research proposed that the academic differences between Niu himself and American scientists should be resolved by themselves. Solved, development is not involved. On March 25, the Bureau of International Cooperation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences sent a letter to the Institute of Development, stating that academic differences should be resolved by oneself, and that the Chinese Academy of Sciences would not be involved, and Professor Niu should be made aware of this.
In 1991, the Bureau of Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences invited domestic and foreign experts to publicly comment on Niu Manjiang’s work. Most experts believed that it was of little significance to continue to support Niu Manjiang’s work. As a result, the Chinese Academy of Sciences stopped providing scientific research funds to Niu Manjiang in accordance with the procedure
On June 5, 1991, the Institute of Development Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences sent a letter to the International Cooperation Bureau of the Academy of Sciences to introduce the situation of Niu Manjiang’s research group: 1. Lack of sufficient resources within the group An atmosphere of respect. Instead of China and the United States cooperating on equal research, Professor Niu Manjiang is the dominant one. As a result, there have been cases where papers were published without the list of participants... Some young scientific and technical personnel felt that there was no future in working in Professor Niu Manjiang's group and asked to be transferred from the group. Professor Niu Manjiang is now 78 years old. He has a bad temper and is often unable to listen to different opinions. Sometimes he reprimands and abuses the scientific and technical personnel in the group, and even the leaders of the hospital and institute. The language is rude, often regardless of the occasion and location, thus hurting the self-esteem of some people. Some scientific and technical personnel said angrily: "Why does our country spend 200,000 yuan every year to hire a foreign Chinese to control us and scold us?" Some people in his group said: "We all serve him, but we are scolded instead." Currently, some of the people who remain in the group are submissive on the surface, but complain a lot behind the scenes. Due to various reasons, one associate researcher, one senior experimentalist, two research assistants, and one technician have left. Professor Niu Manjiang once recruited 10 graduate students, but 4 of them dropped out midway... Professor Niu Manjiang himself wrote letters or talked to researchers in the institute, asking them to cooperate with him, but the two parties did not reach an agreement. The Institute of Development has repeatedly solicited opinions from more than a dozen scientific and technical personnel above associate research level within the institute, asking about the possibility of cooperation with Professor Niu Manjiang. Except for one associate researcher who expressed his willingness to provide some technical assistance, the rest of the staff expressed that they had no spare capacity to cooperate with him. 2. Researchers from our institute who have worked with Mr. Niu reported that Professor Niu Manjiang is sometimes not scientific and calm enough when dealing with research data, and cannot listen to the opinions of the scientific and technical personnel who cooperate with him. Internationally, there are also different opinions on Mr. Niu's work... The academic dispute between Professor Niu Manjiang and Kong Xianduo and others also caused criticism from the Rockefeller Foundation in the United States, which supports and funds the Development Institute. Currently, Professor Niu Manjiang is spending his energy hiring lawyers to litigate with Kong Xianduo and others.
This matter not only involves the Institute of Development, but also affects the Academy of Sciences...
The Institute of Development believes, "Now, after Mr. Niu retired in the United States, the Academy of Sciences used the Dean's Fund to support him to continue his career at the Institute of Development." research work”. They pointed out: “With the deepening of the reform of the scientific research system and management, the establishment and support of various research projects must go through certain consultation, evaluation and demonstration procedures. Mr. Niu’s project has not been evaluated and demonstrated by peer experts. "; It is difficult for them to continue to use administrative methods to reluctantly retain research and technical personnel for Niu's research team; the research institute's funds are very tight and cannot afford the 200,000 yuan/year cooperation fee.
On June 25, Li Zhensheng, Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, convened Qian Yingqian, Director of the Bureau of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (hereinafter referred to as the Bureau of Biology), Cheng Erjin, Deputy Director of the International Cooperation Bureau, and Ma, Executive Deputy Director of the Institute of Development Cheng and others held a meeting to study the aforementioned issues. They wanted to comply with the opinions of the scientific staff in Niu Manjiang's research group and no longer support Niu Manjiang. However, given that Niu "cries" and some senior leaders were deceived into saying they would support him, they failed to come up with a good way to let him leave the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Fang only decided to submit the aforementioned report of the Institute of Development to the leadership of the National Science and Technology Commission.
After Professor Zou Chenglu learned about it, he suggested a public review of Niu Manjiang’s work in recent years to decide whether to continue funding support. With the consent of Hu Qiheng, Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in charge of international cooperation, Li Zhensheng, Vice President of Biology, and Niu Manjiang himself, the Biological Bureau invited three domestic experts and three foreign experts (Temin, Jacobson and Wu Rui, all Recommended by Niu himself) gave written comments on Niu Manjiang’s work. As a result, most experts see little point in continuing to support cattle efforts. Therefore, Vice President Li Zhensheng personally met with Niu Manjiang to talk and decided to stop providing Niu Manjiang with scientific research funds in accordance with the procedures. Niu Manjiang was very dissatisfied and slapped the table on Li Zhensheng and others.
After the scientific research funding was stopped, the Academy decided that the International Cooperation Bureau would continue to invite Niu Manjiang to China every year, and the Academy of Sciences was responsible for his living and exchange expenses such as food, accommodation, transportation, and medical care.
After 1992, Niu Manjiang and his wife and their assistants traveled to many provinces and cities across the country and engaged in extensive economic activities, involving huge amounts of money. When conducting economic activities, they used the name of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
On June 14, 1992, Niu Manjiang and his wife visited the Weihai Branch of Shandong University and discussed with the branch the cooperation in establishing and operating the Niu Manjiang Marine Bioengineering Research Center. achieve intention. On February 13, 1993, Shandong University decided to establish the Niu Manjiang Marine Bioengineering Research Center, located at Shandong University Weihai Branch. Later, they cooperated to establish Shandong University (Weihai) Niumanjiang Marine Bioengineering Research and Development Co., Ltd.
On October 28, 1993, Niu Manjiang wrote two inscriptions for Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, a product of China Edible Fungi Technology Development Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "China Fungus Company"). One is "Zihang Ganoderma spore powder, the light of life science"; the other is: "Congratulations to Zihang for his Ganoderma spore powder going to the United States for an exhibition to cultivate the world's elixir and cure terminal diseases in the world." Niu handed the above inscription to Pan Zihang, the legal representative of the company. . In 1994, the company used cow inscriptions for promotions. In May 1995, Niu Manjiang sued Zhongji Company for 5 million yuan in compensation for using his inscription to infringe his copyright. In September 1997, in the second trial of the Beijing Higher People's Court, the bacteria company compensated Niu Manjiang 300,000 yuan.
In January 1994, Niu Manjiang and others registered and established the Niu Manjiang Foundation. Its address is No. 15, Xunli Mansion, Wangfu Garden Villa, Changping District, Beijing. "Relevant departments allocated 200 acres of land to the foundation free of charge." "Mainly engaged in raising, using, and managing funds, rewarding major contributors in the field of life sciences, promoting international academic exchanges, and conducting professional training, etc. The registered capital is 1 million yuan."
On October 5, 1999, Niu Manjiang took the cooperation project to Shenzhen to participate in the "China International High-tech Fair" and was met by xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx and others.
In October 2000, Niu Manjiang came to the Shenzhen Hi-Tech Fair again.
The Niu Manjiang Foundation he founded signed an agreement with Shenzhen Hongda Company to establish Inner Mongolia Fengzhen Green Sea Co., Ltd. with a total investment of 203 million yuan, which will be carried out in three phases, with an initial investment of 98 million yuan. At the same time, Niu Manjiang Foundation also jointly invested in the establishment of Niu Manjiang Bioengineering Incubation Base with Shenzhen Luohu District High-tech Entrepreneurship Center and other units. The total investment is 1 billion yuan, and the first phase project is 200 million yuan.
On April 9, 2002, the "Niumanjiang Biotechnology Park" held a groundbreaking ceremony in Qingdao High-tech Zone. This science and technology park is provided with technical support by the laboratory led by Niu Manjiang, invested by Hong Kong Jinglun Investment Co., Ltd., and cooperated with Shandong Anna Technology Development Co., Ltd., with a total investment of 580 million yuan.
On May 18, 2004, Niu Manjiang and his wife visited Baicheng City, Jilin Province. The municipal government cooperated with Niu Manjiang Foundation to build the "Baicheng High-tech Corn City". Its specific projects include more than 10 projects such as lysine, multi-protein genetically modified corn, and medicinal corn. Among them, the total investment in the medicinal corn pharmaceutical base alone reached 9 billion.
On December 18, 2004, "Niu Manjiang Laboratory" was officially put into operation with the attention and strong support of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang City and High-tech Zone.
In November 2005, Li Yucheng, the governor of Henan Province, met with Niu Manjiang and decided to establish the "Niu Manjiang Henan Life Sciences Research Institute" based on Henan Agricultural University. In the first half of 2006, the provincial finance allocated a one-time sum of 8 million yuan to support the construction of the institute.
In November 2005, Niu Manjiang's "two patented technologies of soybean protein corn and human albumin corn" invented "based on the 'exogene theory'" were transferred to Xuchang Yuanhua Biotechnology Co., Ltd. at a high price . A relevant report in Henan's "Dahe News" on November 15, 2005 stated that Niu Manjiang's two patents were "preliminarily evaluated by relevant departments of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and are worth 3 billion yuan"; the "soy protein corn" project has a total investment of 2.1 billion yuan. 100 million yuan, with an annual output value of 1.53 billion yuan, achieving export earnings of 72 million yuan and profits and taxes of 610 million yuan...
According to the December 7, 2006 issue of "Southern Weekend". "Nu Manjiang: Persistently Pursuing Outstanding Contributions", an "article provided by staff around Professor Niu", stated that Niu Manjiang "has been hired as an honorary professor or consultant by 98 academic research units or enterprises in China."
The "results" involved in Niu Manjiang's businesses include the treatment of cancer, diabetes, hemophilia, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, hypertension, stroke, etc., the control of "white pollution", the improvement of dairy cows, soy protein corn The development and promotion of the drug were all "done" under the guidance of his "exogenetic theory" which is not recognized by the mainstream of international science.
When carrying out these economic activities, they did not make any claims. Niu Manjiang has been "fully affirmed" by xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx national leaders, and also used the name of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. For example, some advertisements claim that the "perfect new formula" of a certain drug is produced by "top international scientists", "world's leading biology experts", Niu Manjiang, "Double Academician of China and the United States", "Academician of the Chinese and American Academy of Sciences", and "PhD Supervisor of the Chinese Academy of Sciences" proposed, "For cardiovascular diseases such as cardiac insufficiency, coronary heart disease, coronary atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, chest tightness and shortness of breath, "Key role".
In 2002, the Chinese Academy of Sciences was ordered to resume the annual subsidy of 200,000 yuan to Niu Manjiang
According to "Nu Manjiang: Persistently Pursuing Outstanding Contributions", "In July 2002 In August, xxxxxxxxxxx met with Professor Niu and his wife. Minister xxx and deputy minister xx of Ministry of xx attended the meeting. When xxxxxx learned that Professor Niu sometimes needed to use personal pension subsidies for housing and laboratory expenses while working in China, he was very uneasy. To this end, the Ministry of Commerce and the leaders of the Chinese Academy of Sciences reached a consensus, and from 2002 onwards, the Chinese Academy of Sciences resumed paying Professor Niu an annual subsidy of 200,000 yuan for working in China.
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In 2006, the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was ordered to hire Niu Manjiang as a doctoral supervisor
According to "Niu Manjiang: Perseverance in Pursuit of Outstanding Contributions", "On June 29, 2006, xxxxxxx met with Professor Niu and his wife Professor Zhang Baoying in Diaoyutai, Beijing, and made arrangements for the Ministry of Education and the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to recruit 2-3 doctoral students for Professor Niu every year. Currently, the application is being applied for the establishment of the Niu Manjiang Postdoctoral Mobile Station. "
On August 24, 2006, "Southern Weekend" published "Zou Chenglu and the two academic corruption incidents 30 years ago". This was the first time that a domestic mass media publicly published an article criticizing Niu Manjiang. Niu Manjiang used administrative power to put pressure on critics
On August 24, 2006, "Southern Weekend" published an article signed by "Shi Xisheng" - "Zou Chenglu and the two academic corruption incidents 30 years ago." (hereinafter referred to as "Zou" article) - discusses how to curb academic corruption, which involves criticism of Niu Manjiang and criticism of administrative interference in academics.
Niu Manjiang asked his assistant Fu Zhonghua and the former deputy director of the Institute of Development and Research. Chief Xu Yizhi and others came forward to put pressure on the editorial board of Southern Weekend and the writer of the "Zou" article. Niu, Fu, Xu and others claimed that criticizing Niu was an attack on the national leader and the writer was guilty of political defamation. If Xiang Niu does not apologize for the "Zou" article, he will be directly imprisoned by the Public Security Bureau and spend the rest of his life in prison. If "Southern Weekend" does not publish the apology article, they will have it shut down.
Although Academician Zou Chenglu issued a three-point statement that he is fully responsible for the content of the "Zou" article ("1. The "Zou" article is a chapter in the "Zou Chenglu Biography", The author of the book is "Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences". 2. The text of "Zou" is originally dictated by Zou Chenglu, and the content is entirely responsible for the dictator. 3. The text of "Zou" can face history calmly. Every word related to this will be recorded and will also be faced by the historical and scientific community and the media across the country and the world.") Niu Manjiang and others still insist on finding trouble for the author. In addition to asking the police station to summon the writer, they also threatened the writer twice on October 27, 2006 and September 28, 2007.
Under pressure, "Southern Weekend" published the report in December 2006. An article signed by "Zheng Shiting" - "Niu Manjiang: Persistently Pursuing Outstanding Contributions" - was published on September 7th to defend Niu Manjiang. There was also an "Editor's Note" before the article: "Professor Niu Manjiang is a world-renowned developmental biologist. Jia is a patriotic scientist who is still fresh in the memory of the Chinese people. In August this year, this newspaper published an article involving Professor Niu Manjiang. The editor in charge of this page did not verify the relevant content with Professor Niu, which had a negative impact on Professor Niu’s reputation. I would like to express my sincere apology to Professor Niu and This article is published and provided by the staff around Professor Niu, please pay attention to the readers. "However, the article failed to point out which specific words in the "Zou" article were wrong.
In mid-December 2006, the leaders of the Chinese Academy of Sciences held a meeting to study the Niu Manjiang issue, and sent someone to tell the police station that they should not intervene in academic affairs beyond their authority.
In April 2007, Rao Yi, Dean of the School of Life Sciences at Peking University, published an article evaluating Niu Manjiang and his work.
It was published in the "Science and Culture Review" in April 2007. In the article "Zou Chenglu: Good people are good, bad people are evil", Professor Rao Yi commented on Niu Manjiang and his work: "Niu Manjiang... studies developmental biology and has a certain academic level, but is not outstanding... He The proposed RNA as an induction molecule has been proved wrong by history. It doesn't matter originally, but it shouldn't be called an important achievement... I heard Gilbert's colleagues say it when I was at Harvard, and I also heard another delegation member say it in 2006: When an American delegation visited China, the Nobel Prize winner, Harvard University professor Walter Gilbert and others sharply criticized Niu's claimed discovery.
But what is very strange is that Niu Manjiang did not conduct scientific discussions and scientific debates with scientific facts in international scientific journals by doing more experiments or asking others to do more experiments. Instead, he relied on China's use of administrative pressure and the use of the media. Operation is suspicious. No matter how many interviews with Chinese officials or reports by Chinese media, the scientific facts cannot be changed. As we have more than thirty years of time and funding, we should present scientific facts. In the history of science, there are many examples of things that were not immediately understood and recognized by people, and they all relied on scientific facts to speak for themselves. ”
Professor Niu Manjiang passed away in Beijing on November 8, 2007
The Institute of Genetics and Development of the Chinese Academy of Sciences established a funeral committee and funeral office after the death of Professor Niu Manjiang, and issued an obituary