Automobile History
Before the 2th century
In the 15th century, Leonardo da Vinci designed a clockwork-driven vehicle in an unknown era.
in 162, the Italian Blanca invented the "counter-turbine steam turbine" to drive the wheelbarrow.
in 1649, Hans, a German watchmaker? Hao Qiu, according to Da Vinci's design, made a car driven by clockwork.
In 167, Huygens, a Dutch physicist, used gunpowder to burn in the cylinder, and the thermal energy expanded to push the piston to move, forming the working principle of modern "internal combustion engine".
In 1672, ferdinand verbiest, a Jesuit monk, designed a car powered by steam for Emperor Kangxi of China at that time. It was a 65 cm long toy car, which could not carry people or drivers. It is uncertain whether the designed car was made successfully. This may be the first car designed.
in 1766, the British inventor james watt improved the steam engine, which started the first industrial revolution.
in 1769, Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, a French army engineer, made the first car driven by a steam engine.
It was the first motor vehicle accident in the world because the steering system failed during the test run and crashed into the wall of the San Francisco Arsenal.
In 1771, Nicola Joseph Gú nior improved the steam car, which could reach 9.5 kilometers per hour and haul 4 to 5 tons of goods.
in 1794, the Englishman Streeter first put forward the idea of mixing fuel and air to make mixed gas for combustion.
in 1796, Italian scientist volz invented the world's first storage battery, which brought a historic turning point to the birth and development of automobiles.
in 181, the Frenchman Philippe le Peng put forward the principle of gas engine.
in 183, richard trevithick, a British engineer, adopted a new type of high-pressure steam engine, which can take eight people and run at an average speed of 13 kilometers per hour. Since then, cars driven by steam engines have been applied in practice.
in 1838, the British inventor Hennert invented the world's first ignition device for internal combustion engines, which was called "a revolution in the history of world automobile development" by the world.
in 1842, American Charlie Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber tires.
in 1859, the French physicist plante invented the lead storage battery, which created conditions for the automobile to use electricity, and was called "a far-reaching invention".
in 186, Etienne Reynolds, a French electrical engineer, made the first gas engine to ignite gas by electric spark.
in 1862, French engineer etienne Renault invented a two-stroke horizontal internal combustion engine with natural gas as raw material.
Rorschach published the four-stroke theory.
In 1867, German engineer NieKauros Otto (1832-1891) successfully developed the world's first reciprocating piston four-stroke gas engine.
in 1876, Otto made a single-cylinder horizontal 3kW internal combustion engine with a compression ratio of 2.5.
in 1885, it was the moment when the real modern automobile was born.
In this year, German engineer karl benz built a tricycle with .85 HP gasoline engine in Mannheim.
This car equipped with an internal combustion engine is considered to be the real first car in the world, because it is the first car powered by gasoline, not a steam engine.
in 1886, mannheim patent office approved karl benz's application for a patent for the three-wheeled automobile that he successfully developed in 1885, which was called the birth day of modern automobile by most people.
The following year, German gottlieb daimler made the world's first four-wheel car.
After that, Otto gave up his patent of four-stroke engine, and anyone could make it as needed.
on January 29th, 1886, karl benz obtained the world's first automobile engine patent.
in July of the same year, the world's first four-wheeled car was officially sold.
in 1888, Emile Roger, a French cyclist, got permission from karl benz to start producing commercial cars.
in 1893, rudolf diesel also made a four-stroke diesel engine, which was the first diesel engine in the world.
during the compression stroke, the air is severely compressed by the piston to generate high temperature, and then the fuel is injected into the cylinder, and then spontaneous combustion occurs.
in 1895, karl benz introduced the first passenger car, Benz-Omnibus, which provided passenger service for the first time.
in 1899, louis renault mass-produced its first four-door RV, and in the same year, it obtained the patent of turbocharging.
Britain first installed Maxim machine guns on SAIC motor vehicles.
2th century
At the end of 19th century, the rotating system of automobiles and motorcycles began to take shape, while gasoline and diesel oil in the liquid fuel burning petroleum products with internal combustion engines became the mainstream. However, at that time, automobiles were still manufactured by handicraft industry. Although they were mass-produced cars with standardized components, in fact, the output of automobiles was still very small.
Cars were actually positioned as high-end luxury goods, but the so-called luxury at that time was not very luxurious, but only the rich could afford cars for personal or family use.
in the first few years of the 2th century, Henry Ford began to trial-produce a car that could be mass-produced and sold at a low price. After six failed ventures, Ford finally succeeded in putting the Ford Model T on the assembly line in 198 to reduce the price, and it was further popularized by installment payment, and its quality was even better than that of some high-priced handcraft cars at that time, because it could run on rotten ground without failure or accident.
Fordism not only affects the automobile manufacturing industry, but also affects all walks of life, especially the manufacturing industry in a broad sense, which makes Model T and Ford cars lead the economic and cultural development of the United States and the world, and even change people's lifestyles.
because even people who can't or can't drive a car can still take a bus.
and directly or indirectly benefit from military vehicles? , trucks, special vehicles, engineering vehicles and other cars, so cars have actually become daily necessities and have the trend of replacing human and animal power vehicles.
The success of Model T has also contributed to the decline of the so-called new energy vehicles, which are actually power systems other than internal combustion engines, and the gas stations no longer provide fuels other than gasoline and diesel.
list of major events
In 192, the first military armored vehicle, Motor War Car, came out and served in Britain.
in 193, Norwegian engineer Ghidiu arryn built a gas turbine engine, which was the first gas turbine engine that could do external work by the power generated by combustion, so he was also called the father of gas turbine engine.
In 198, Ford Model T came out, becoming the first popular car, which upgraded the car from luxury to daily necessities.
in 1922, bosch developed a mechanical jet device.
In 1929, German engineer felix wankel obtained the patent of rotary engine, so this special piston engine was widely called Wankel engine, but the finished engine didn't appear until 195s.
In 193s, Frank Whittle, an Englishman, and Hans von O 'Haien, a German, obtained patents for turbojet engines respectively, and were regarded as inventors of jet engines.
In 1997, the Toyota Prius went on sale, becoming the first mass-produced hybrid vehicle, and began to revive electric vehicles.
in the new century
because it has only been more than ten years since entering the 21st century, there are few landmark events.
and most importantly, artificial intelligence and environmental protection have become the development direction of new cars.
In 21, Toyota Prius, the first hybrid electric vehicle, was commercially launched in the international market.
in 29, the first pure electric vehicle, Mitsubishi iMiEV electric vehicle, was put into mass production.
in 212, the driverless car carried out the actual road test.
In 213, some states in the United States passed laws on driving self-driving cars.
in 217, Britain, France, Germany and Norway announced that they would ban the sale of cars using gasoline and diesel after 24.
Extended information:
Cars or motor vehicles (British English: car; American English: automobile；; American colloquial: auto), that is, a vehicle that can be driven by itself without relying on tracks or cables.
in a broad sense, a vehicle with two or more wheels running with the prime mover can be called an automobile; In a narrow sense, only vehicles with more than four wheels driven by prime movers are cars (also called cars in life).
For a long time, academic circles have different views and discussions on "who was the first automobile inventor", but there is no complete agreement. However, most scholars regard German engineer karl benz as the first inventor.
After Mercedes-Benz made three-wheeled cars, gottlieb daimler first made four-wheeled cars, and American Henry Ford first produced a large number of cheap cars, which was the person who popularized cars.
Classification
There is no conclusion about the classification of automobiles. If they are distinguished according to the nature of use, they are generally divided into passenger cars, trucks, vans (or vans) and special vehicles.
There are many kinds of special vehicles, including police vehicles, fire engines, ambulances, engineering vehicles, cranes, courtesy vehicles, coaches, special vehicles for the disabled, sprinklers, postal vehicles, garbage trucks, sweepers, water and fertilizer vehicles, prison vehicles and hearses.
according to the fuel used, it can be divided into gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, electric vehicles, hydrogen vehicles, hybrid vehicles, gas vehicles and energy vehicles.