White kidney bean is a cold-tolerant cash crop suitable for planting in temperate and tropical high-altitude areas. Its whole body is full of treasures, and its beans are rich in protein and carbohydrates, with rich nutrition. After its stems, vines, leaves and pods are crushed, it is an ideal feed for domestic animals, and flowers are a good honey source. Therefore, the cultivation of kidney beans is very popular among farmers in mountainous areas. Our county has a long history of planting kidney beans, which is suitable for planting in the area of 2 ~ 26 meters above sea level. Over the years, the planting area of kidney beans has been between 3 ~ 6 mu, with an average yield of 21 kg per mu, and some high-yield plots can reach 4 kg, with an average gross income of more than 6 yuan per mu. The high-yield land can reach 1 yuan (according to the average market purchase price of 2.4 yuan/kg), and it is mainly planted in this altitude area of our county. The yield is very low, and the economic benefits are poor. Compared with the above crops, the economic benefits of kidney beans are remarkable. The planting range of kidney beans in our county is mainly distributed in Sanba Township, Hutiaoxia Town, Jinjiang Town, Shangjiang Township, Wujing Township and Erbanshan Mountain.
The varieties of kidney beans in our county are mainly local varieties, including big kidney beans, small kidney beans, big black kidney beans, red kidney beans, black kidney beans, flat kidney beans, etc. In recent years, big kidney beans are mainly planted. Our county has a long history of planting kidney beans, but the planting technology is backward, and there are few excellent varieties. Due to low investment, low intensive management, lagging fertilization and pest control management, backward harvesting technology.
The high-yield cultivation techniques and measures of white kidney bean are introduced as follows:
White kidney bean is drought-resistant, cold-resistant, with vigorous growth of stems and vines, strong branches, many flower lines and high nutritional value. It is suitable for cultivation in areas with an altitude of 2,-2,6 meters, which is a new way for mountain farmers to increase their economic income.
1. When planting white kidney beans in the same year, the principle of income in the same year is implemented, which requires a reasonable layout of one village and one product, and planting with fields with certain fertility conditions to ensure the yield and quality of the produced white kidney beans and ensure that the gross income per mu reaches more than 6 yuan.
① adhere to scientific cultivation methods and avoid extensive cultivation.
②. White kidney bean is a high-fertility crop. The planting site should be a plot with loose soil, good drainage, deep soil layer, good illumination, and PH value of 6 ~ 7. It is best to use a rotation field. If there are previous crops, the previous crops should be potatoes, buckwheat, wheat, corn, green manure, etc. White kidney bean should not be planted in continuous cropping and low-lying areas.
③. White kidney beans should be mainly fertilized with organic fertilizer. According to soil fertility, decomposed high-quality farmyard manure should be applied during soil preparation, with 15-2 kg per mu, plant ash 1-15 kg per mu, or biological potassium fertilizer 1 kg per mu, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 5 kg per mu, mixed as base fertilizer, and calcium superphosphate and other chemical fertilizers should not be applied properly.
(4) White kidney beans are mainly single, and can also be intercropped or interplanted with potatoes, corn, sunflowers, etc., with a net weight of 1.3 meters, a row spacing of 65 cm, a plant spacing of 6 cm, and 1,1 ponds per mu, and the number of plants per mu should reach 2,8-3,3.
⑤. The seeds harvested in the middle and early growth stage should be selected, and the seeds must be large, full and free from disease spots, and the seeds should be dried for 1-2 days before sowing, so as to break the dormancy of the seeds and make the seedlings emerge orderly.
⑥, due to the variety types and regional differences, the appropriate sowing date is generally from early March to mid-April, and the sowing depth is 2.5 ~ 4. cm. In order to enhance the drought resistance of plants, it is appropriate to sow deeply (4 ~ 5 cm). In order to prevent underground pests, seed dressing should be carried out before sowing.
2. Strengthen the field management during the growth period
①. Apply topdressing in dry land and do a good job in intertillage management. White kidney bean needs a large amount of fertilizer. When the seedling height is 2 ~ 3cm, it should be loosened and weeded in time, and at the same time, 2 ~ 3kg ammonium bicarbonate should be topdressing per mu as seedling fertilizer, and 1kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate and .2kg borax should be sprayed on the leaves of each mu from early flowering to full flowering, so as to increase the pod setting rate and glossiness, and promote the fullness of powder particles, which has a good effect on improving the yield.
②. Erect in time and arrange the plant type: When the white kidney bean is unearthed for 3 cm, it should be inserted into the stem and led to the shelf in time, so as to achieve one stem in one pond, and the height of the stem should be more than 2 meters. White kidney bean likes light, so as to avoid shading each other and affecting the pod setting rate. Generally, when the plant is 2.5 meters high, it must be capped, so that nutrients can be supplied to the pod in a centralized way, and the seeds can be full and mature.
③ The lower leaves of white kidney beans began to fall, and the pods were picked in batches from bottom to top when they were yellow-brown.
④ Pests and diseases: The most common diseases of white kidney beans are anthracnose and leaf spot, and the pests are cutworms and aphids, which should be treated early, small and cured.
⑤. storage: kidney beans should be dried in the sun in time after harvesting, stored in pods, and threshed before selling, which is conducive to protecting the color of seeds and making them less wrinkled or cracked. When storing and selling, the water content of seeds should be reduced to below 13%. Under normal storage conditions, the life of white kidney beans seeds is 3-4 years.
The biggest problem in the cultivation of white kidney bean is ecological problem. Because the plant height of white kidney bean is more than 2m, and it must be attached to other tree trunks, the average number of bamboo poles or wooden poles used per mu is 1,1 (the average number of ponds per mu is 1,1), so 11 million bamboo poles or wooden poles are needed for 1, mu, which seriously damages the ecology. Therefore, it is suggested that the villages and towns where white kidney bean is planted should vigorously promote the cultivation of sunflowers.
Using sunflower stalks instead of bamboo and wood stems, because the middle of sunflower stalks is solid, sharp and hard, and has the characteristics of waterproof, anticorrosion and easy insertion, it has many advantages when used to make white kidney bean cuttings:
1. Sunflowers can be planted in areas where white kidney beans can be planted in our county, and a large number of stems are produced every year.
2, easy to climb. Because the surface of sunflower is evenly distributed with petiole marks and its thickness is moderate, it is easier to climb than mangosteen.
3, easy to clean. Used sunflowers can be burned as fertilizer together with white kidney beans and vines, and can also be crushed into feed together, which reduces the cleaning and storage of wooden cuttings.
4. save costs. Planting 2,7 ponds of white kidney beans per mu and .2 yuan for each wooden pole will save the average annual cost per mu in two years.
5. Increase income. Sunflowers can be interplanted with potatoes with 6 ~ 7 plants per mu, which can increase potato production by more than 3% and earn sunflower seed income worth about 3 yuan.
6. Protect the ecology. The cuttings used for each mu of white kidney beans need to be taken from half an acre to two acres of woodland, which has certain damage to the ecology. The use of sunflower stalks avoids cutting down trees and realizes the coordinated development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry.
7. Save labor. Due to the use of sunflower stalks, the links of cutting up the mountain, frequent handling, cleaning and storage are omitted, and the labor can be saved by 1 ~ 15 working days per mu.
8. Clean the soil. In the past, a major reason why farmers were reluctant to plant sunflowers was that their roots were left in the soil, which made it difficult to rot, which brought many problems to agricultural activities in the next year.
When sunflower stems are used as cuttings of white kidney beans, they are taken together with roots, which reduces the pollution of root stubble to soil. Matters needing attention in the use of sunflower cuttings:
① The stems and roots must be taken out together in the sunflower harvest season, sharpened immediately and placed on the ground or taken home for collection.
② When inserting rods in the next year, you can use tools to punch holes, but two rods must be inserted obliquely to make the upper parts cross and close together, so as to increase its stability.
the development of white kidney bean production is a good way to enrich the people and prosper Dian, which should be developed as soon as possible to make it a foreign exchange earning industry of agriculture in our county.
(The information in this article comes from China Supply and Demand Network)