What are the defects of copper flat cable products?

Most of the bubbles are long, with smooth surface, metallic luster when cut, and some are accompanied by oxides or other inclusions. The reasons are as follows: ① there are defects such as porosity, shrinkage cavity and porosity in the ingot; ② Excessive lubrication of the extrusion cylinder and puncture needle, incomplete cleaning of the extrusion cylinder and cracks in the puncture needle; ③ The atmosphere of blank annealing furnace is not properly controlled and the furnace temperature is high. ④ Ingot is not well matched with extrusion cylinder and extrusion pad. Definition and characteristics: the splitting of pipe rod and wire along the machining direction is called delamination. The interlayer contact is smooth, and some of them have oxidation color or inclusion; Fracture inspection shows that fracture delamination has occurred. Reason ① The ingot has defects such as porosity, shrinkage cavity and inclusion, which are layered along the processing direction after extrusion, stretching and cold rolling. ② The extrusion cylinder or puncture needle is lubricated excessively, and the puncture needle is broken. (3) The extruded product is not cut cleanly after shrinking, and further stretched and rolled into layers. The definition of wear and the relative sliding or dislocation between characteristic objects after contact make the scars on the inner and outer surfaces of tube-rod wire distributed in bundles, which is called wear. Reasons ① Improper cleaning of tools and dies, poor lubrication, wear, deformation or cracks, and unsmooth guide plate of discharge table. (2) Foreign matter adheres to the surface of metal or metal adheres to the working belt of extrusion die, needle piercing die or wire drawing die. Definition and characteristics: Scratches are caused by the relative sliding between sharp objects and the steel wire surface of pipe rods. The reasons are as follows: 1) The machining tool is angular, the surface of the cold-working tool is dechromized, and there are hard particles in the lubricant, so the lubricity is poor. (2) The edges and corners on the surfaces of pipes and bars scratch each other. (3) hard foreign bodies are attached to the metal surface or tool. The definition and characteristics of bruise and crush are that an object collides with the surface of pipe-rod wire, resulting in bruise, and a hard object presses on the surface of pipe-rod wire, resulting in crush. Cause ① Collision and extrusion during loading, binding and transportation. (2) The collision and extrusion of pipes and bars with foreign hard objects. The definition and characteristics of eccentricity and broken belly. After the pipe is extruded, the phenomenon of uneven thickness on the cross section is called eccentricity. The eccentric tube or tube is severely squeezed, and it will be squeezed from the side or the tube is seriously eccentric, which will further lengthen and cause belly rupture. Eccentricity reason ① Uneven heating temperature of ingot or uneven end of billet. Press or punch the blank without filling. The needle is bald or bent. (3) The center line of the equipment is inconsistent, and the root and end face of the extrusion shaft are inclined or improperly installed. ④ The extrusion cylinder, die holder, gasket and wear fit are not good, and the size is not appropriate. Causes of belly breakage ① The temperature of ingot blank is too high and uneven. ② The extrusion speed is too fast and the extrusion coefficient is too small. ③ The design of extrusion die hole is unreasonable or deformed, and the needle is bent. Reasons ① Uneven heating temperature of ingot, unreasonable design and installation of extrusion tools, uneven lubrication and other reasons lead to uneven metal flow. Definition and characteristics After pipes and bars are extruded or peeled, the phenomenon of flaky and strip-shaped scars distributed along the processing direction on the surface is called tearing. The torn part has metallic color and some defects, such as inclusions. The reasons are as follows: ① The surface of steel ingot is uneven, with defects such as inclusions and cracks. ② Unreasonable design and installation of extrusion die, poor lubrication and uneven metal flow. ③ The stripping die is not sharp, and the design and installation are unreasonable. ④ The peeling process is unreasonable. 2. 13. 1 Definitions and characteristics appear on the surface and inside of tubular rod-shaped wires, which have obvious interfaces with the matrix and have great differences in properties, and are called inclusions. Inclusions are generally granular, strip-shaped along the processing direction, with certain color and shape, and obvious interface. There are common metallic inclusions and nonmetallic inclusions. The reasons are as follows: (1) Incomplete pure metal particles, large primary crystals or dissimilar metals enter the ingot. ② Metal oxides, sulfides and other metal compounds. (3) nonmetallic compounds, such as silicate and covering agent. Definition and characteristics of foreign body press-in The metal or nonmetal press-in on the surface of the pipe rod wire is called foreign body press-in. There is an obvious interface between the metal press-in and the matrix, with clear outline and different metallic luster, which is point-like and block-like, and pits are formed after peeling. Non-metallic pressed products have different shapes and colors, most of which are brittle and have no metallic luster. They are distributed in points and strips along the processing direction and are not easy to peel off. Reason ① The oxide scale and lubricant formed by excessive heating temperature are attached to the surface of mold and product. (2) Debris and adhesions of tools and molds. (3) Metal chips and burrs, heat treatment slag oil pollution. ④ Foreign objects on the track and guide plate.