Binoculars 65438+One day at the beginning of the 7th century, Cobis Herr, the owner of an optical shop in the town of Mitterburg, the Netherlands, arranged a convex lens and a concave lens in a line to see through the lens.
I found that the tower of the church in the distance seemed to be getting closer and closer, so I stumbled upon the principle of telescope. 1608, he applied for a patent for his telescope, and made a binoculars according to the requirements of the authorities. It is said that there are dozens of opticians in Mitterberg who claim to have invented the telescope, but Libitch is generally regarded as the inventor of the telescope.
The news of the invention of the telescope soon spread in European countries. After learning the news, Italian scientist Galileo made one himself. The first telescope can only magnify the object three times. A month later, the second telescope he made can be magnified 8 times, and the third telescope can be magnified 20 times. 1609 10 in June, he made a telescope with a magnification of 30 times.
Galileo observed the night sky with a self-made telescope and found for the first time that the surface of the moon was uneven, covered with mountains and craters. Since then, four moons of Jupiter and the sunspot movement of the sun have been discovered, and the conclusion that the sun is rotating has been drawn.
Almost at the same time, the German astronomer Kepler began to study telescopes. He proposed another astronomical telescope in bending optics, which consists of two convex lenses. Unlike Galileo's telescope, it has a wider field of vision than galileo telescope. But Kepler didn't make the telescope he introduced. Sagana first made this telescope between1613-1617. He also made a telescope with a third convex lens according to Kepler's suggestion, and turned the inverted image of the telescope composed of two convex lenses into a positive image. Sagana made eight telescopes, one for observing the sun, and no matter which one can see sunspots with the same shape. Therefore, he dispelled many people's illusion that sunspots may be caused by dust on the lens, and proved that sunspots are really observed. When observing the sun, Sagina installed special shading glass, but Galileo did not add this protective device. As a result, he hurt his eyes and finally became almost blind.
In order to improve the accuracy of the telescope, Huygens of the Netherlands built a telescope with a tube length of nearly 6 meters in 1665 to explore Saturn's rings, and later made a telescope with a tube length of nearly 4 1 meter.
A telescope with an objective lens and an eyepiece is called a refractive telescope. Even if the lens barrel is lengthened and the lens is machined accurately, the chromatic aberration cannot be eliminated. 1668, British scientists invented the reflective telescope, which solved the problem of color difference. The first anti-telescope is very small, and the aperture of the mirror in the telescope is only 2.5 cm, but we can clearly see the profit and loss of Jupiter's satellite and Venus. 1672, Newton made a larger reflecting telescope and gave it to the Royal Society, which is still kept in the library of the Royal Society.
Newton once thought that color difference was hopeless, but later, it turned out that he was too pessimistic. 1733, an Englishman Hal made an achromatic refracting telescope. 1758, the same telescope was made in Boland, London. He used glasses with different refraction principles to make convex lenses and concave lenses respectively to offset the colored edges they formed.
Reflective telescopes have developed rapidly in astronomical observation. 1793, a reflective telescope was built in Hessel, England. The reflector is130m in diameter, made of copper-tin alloy and weighs1t. 1845 reflecting telescope made in Ross, England. The diameter of the reflector is1.82m.. Mount Wilson Observatory 19 13 anti-telescope, with a diameter of 254m. 1950, a reflective telescope with a diameter of 5.08 meters was installed on Paloma Mountain. 1969, a 6-meter-diameter reflector was installed on Mount Pastuhov in the North Caucasus of the Soviet Union, and now most large observatories use reflective telescopes.