There are four kinds of commodity inspection in China, namely, statutory inspection, contract inspection, notarization appraisal and entrusted inspection. Statutory inspection refers to the compulsory inspection of import and export commodities according to the provisions of the state, and the import and export commodities listed in the Catalogue of Import and Export Commodities Subject to Inspection and Quarantine by Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Institutions are all statutory inspection commodities; At the time of import, the customs will release it with the seal of the extended declaration form stamped by the commodity inspection authorities. When exporting, you should go through the inspection procedures before customs declaration. The customs shall examine and release the goods with the inspection certificate and release form of the commodity inspection authorities, or affix a seal on the customs declaration form. In order to prevent the spread and spread of animal infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, plant dangerous sexually transmitted diseases, insects, weeds and other harmful organisms, safeguard the production of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery and human health in China, and safeguard China's foreign reputation, the state stipulates that animals and plants and their products entering and leaving the country shall be quarantined. All inbound and outbound goods subject to animal and plant quarantine, regardless of the mode of trade, shall be submitted to the animal and plant quarantine organ at the entry and exit port for inspection before declaration, and the animal and plant quarantine organ shall issue a quarantine release form or affix a quarantine release stamp on the freight document, and then declare it to the customs.
The scope of animal quarantine includes animals and plants, animal and plant products and other quarantine objects entering or leaving the country, containers and packages for loading animals and plants, animal and plant products and other quarantine objects, and means of transport from animal and plant quarantine areas. For example:
Animals: livestock, birds, beasts, snakes, fish, shrimps, crabs, shellfish, silkworms, bees, etc.
2. Animal products: skin, hair, meat, viscera, grease, eggs, blood, semen, embryos, bones, hooves, horns, etc.
3. Plants: cultivated plants, wild plants and their seeds, seedlings, propagation materials, etc.
4. Plant products: grain, rice, cotton, oil, hemp, tobacco, seeds, dried fruits, fresh fruits, vegetables, herbal medicine villages, wood, feed, etc. Drug inspection is a system established by the state to inspect imported drugs (including medicinal materials) in order to prevent counterfeit and inferior drugs from illegally flowing into China. China implements a registration system for imported drugs, that is, imported drugs must obtain the Registration Certificate of Imported Drugs or the Approval Number of Disposable Imported Drugs issued by the Ministry of Health, and foreign trade enterprises engaged in imported drugs must have the Pharmaceutical Trading Enterprise License issued by the competent health department. After the drugs arrive at the port, the relevant units shall apply for inspection at the port drug inspection office in time, and the customs shall release them with the seal of imported goods and the customs declaration form stamped by the drug inspection office.
The state strictly controls and restricts the import of blood products. If it is really necessary to import blood products for clinical treatment, the importer shall report to the Ministry of Health for approval in advance. At the time of import, the port drug control office shall review the approval documents according to the prescribed procedures and release them after passing the inspection.
The import and export of psychotropic drugs and narcotic drugs shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Measures for the Administration of Psychotropic Drugs and the Measures for the Administration of Narcotic Drugs issued by the State Council. Psychotropic drugs are handled by units designated by MOFTEC in accordance with the relevant national foreign trade laws and regulations, while narcotic drugs are handled by China Pharmaceutical and Health Products Import and Export Corporation and local branches or units designated by the Ministry of Health and MOFTEC. Import and export shall be reported to the Ministry of Health for examination and approval, and a Permit for the Import (Export) of Psychotropic Drugs and a Permit for the Import (Export) of Narcotic Drugs shall be issued, and the customs shall examine and release them on the strength of the permit. Food inspection refers to the inspection system of imported food, food raw materials, food containers, food additives and packaging materials according to China's health standards and requirements.
At the time of import, frontier health supervision institutions shall conduct health supervision and inspection. The customs shall release the goods with the certificate issued by the frontier food hygiene supervision institution. Export food must be subject to health supervision and inspection by the national import and export commodity inspection department, and the customs will release it with the inspection certificate of the above-mentioned institutions. Endangered species management refers to endangered and endangered wild animals and plants, including all the species listed in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Animals. For a long time, while human beings are developing, due to various reasons, natural resources are in danger of being exhausted, and many wild animals and plants have accelerated their extinction and become precious and rare wild animals and plants. Once the natural ecology is out of balance, it will endanger human beings themselves. Therefore, the international call for the protection of endangered species is getting higher and higher, and the management is becoming stricter. In our country, people of insight keep calling for an end to the indiscriminate killing of precious and endangered wild animals. China has acceded to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, and enacted the People's Republic of China (PRC) Wildlife Protection Law. The Ministry of Forestry also issued a number of laws and regulations, such as the Notice on Protecting Precious Tree Species.
In addition, China has formulated a sustainable development strategy aimed at maintaining harmony with the natural ecological environment. According to the regulations of the state, any import or export of wild animals or their products restricted by international conventions to which China is a party, or export of wild animals or their products under special state protection, must be approved by the wildlife administrative department of the State Council or the State Council, and obtain the import and export permit certificate issued by the national endangered species import and export management agency, and the import and export permit certificate of Feng Ping shall be examined and released. The export of Chinese patent medicines containing rare wild plants and dysentery shall be declared to the customs with the export license issued by the National Endangered Species Import and Export Administration Office. Cultural relics are the historical and cultural heritage of a country, and some cultural relics even have fixed value. Therefore, many countries have legislated to protect them to prevent the loss of cultural relics.
The Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Cultural Relics stipulates that all cultural relics with important historical, artistic and scientific values are prohibited from leaving the country unless they are transported to foreign countries for exhibitions with the approval of the State Council. For cultural relics temporarily entering or leaving the country for foreign cultural exchanges, export exhibitions, cooperative research and other projects approved by the state, or other cultural relics that need to be carried, consigned or mailed by overseas institutions and visitors in Yunnan, the local cultural relics exit appraisal station will issue an exit certificate according to the approval documents, cultural relics list and photos before leaving the country. The cultural relics shall be reinspected according to the list and photos when entering the country, and the customs shall release them according to the temporary exit goods with the exit certificate. Before customs declaration, cultural relics exported or carried by individuals must be appraised by the cultural administrative departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government designated by the state cultural administrative department, and the customs will release them with the wax seal mark or cultural relics export certificate stamped by the department. The state has stipulated the varieties of cultural relics that need to be identified abroad, and some places have set up cultural relics identification stations to take charge of this tool. Overseas personnel who consign or carry cultural relics abroad shall also submit sales invoices for cultural relics purchased in foreign exchange at the time of customs declaration. According to the regulations of the state on the management of gold and silver, the export of gold and silver products must be submitted to the customs with the export license issued by the People's Bank of China, and the customs will release them with the license.
The gold and silver raw materials that need to be imported from abroad for the export of finished products shall go through the registration formalities with the People's Bank of China on the basis of the import declaration form after import, so as to be examined and certified when exporting.
According to the national Regulations on the Administration of Carrying Foreign Exchange into and out of China, if the entry-exit personnel carry foreign exchange into or out of the country beyond the specified amount, they should apply to the bank for a Carrying Certificate or apply to the local foreign exchange administration department for approval as appropriate. The bank shall issue a "carrying certificate" with the approval document, and the customs shall release it with the "carrying certificate". Imported waste, commonly known as "foreign garbage", refers to harmful substances and wastes that pollute the environment in production, construction, daily life and other activities, including liquid waste and gas waste. There are 23 items listed as hazardous waste management in the world.
It is estimated that 654.38+00 billion tons of garbage and more than 300 million tons of hazardous waste are generated worldwide every year. Most of these wastes and wastes cannot be effectively treated, which leads to the transnational transfer of hazardous wastes and wastes. Some developed countries have transferred a lot of industrial and production wastes, especially hazardous wastes, to developing countries through various channels in various names, and China has also become a victim of the transfer.
China has joined the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal adopted by the United Nations Environment Programme in 1990. The State Environmental Protection Bureau, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, the General Administration of Customs, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and the Bureau of Commerce and Quarantine jointly promulgated the Interim Provisions on the Administration of Environmental Protection of Waste Import, which came into effect on April 1996.
The Interim Provisions prohibit dumping, stacking and disposal of inbound and outbound wastes. The import of waste that can be used as raw materials is restricted. The import of nine kinds of wastes that can be used as raw materials listed in the national restricted categories must be approved by the State Environmental Protection Bureau, and other wastes are strictly prohibited.
The Interim Provisions also strictly stipulate the application and approval procedures for importing wastes that can be used as raw materials, and implement environmental risk responsibility. The customs shall examine and release wastes with the import approval certificate issued by the State Environmental Protection Bureau and the inspection certificate issued by the commodity inspection authorities at the port location. The customs shall order the rejected waste to be returned and impose a fine according to law. Those who dump, pile up or dispose of overseas wastes in violation of regulations, or import wastes as raw materials without authorization, will be dealt with severely according to law, and if the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility will be investigated. Intellectual property protection is an important issue of general concern to the international community. Faced with the continuous spread of intellectual property infringement related to international trade around the world, many countries' customs have taken protective measures, and relevant international organizations are also taking active actions. 1985, the world customs organization formulated the model law on domestic legislation, which authorized the customs to implement trademark and copyright protection. The Uruguay Round Agreement of GATT finally formed 1994 Agreement on Trade-related Intellectual Property Rights. 1995, the State Council promulgated the regulations on customs protection of intellectual property rights in People's Republic of China (PRC) by order 179, which came into effect on June 10 of that year. The Regulations clearly stipulate the purpose and scope of border protection of intellectual property rights, the rights and obligations of the customs, the filing of intellectual property rights, protection applications, guarantees, investigation and handling, and legal responsibilities.
Its contents mainly include: 1, scope of protection: trademark rights, copyrights and patents related to inbound and outbound goods protected by China laws; 2. Legal basis: It is forbidden to import and export goods that infringe the intellectual property rights protected by laws and administrative regulations of China, which shows the basic position of the China government in protecting intellectual property rights; 3. Record protection; Where an intellectual property right holder needs the customs to protect his intellectual property rights, he shall file a record with the General Administration of Customs; 4. Application for protection: In principle, the intellectual property right holder shall request the customs to take protective measures, except that the customs may detain the infringing goods; 5. Guarantee: When requesting the customs to detain the inbound and outbound goods, the applicant shall provide a guarantee equivalent to the landed or offshore price of the imported and exported goods, so as to prevent the loss claim caused by the wrong deduction and bear the relevant expenses; 6. Punishment: The customs may confiscate the infringing goods and impose a fine at the same time.