1. Decreased uterine bottom: About two weeks before the formal delivery, pregnant women will have the phenomenon of decreased uterine bottom and protruding abdomen to the lower part. At this time, fetal movement is reduced, pregnant women feel more comfortable in the upper abdomen, breathe more freely than before, and their appetite is increased, but they have frequent urination, low back pain or leg pain, which makes them inconvenient to move, and * * * secretion is increased. For primiparas, this indicates that the fetal head has been fixed in the basin; It also indicates that the fetal head of the parturient will enter the basin, or it will be close to entering the basin.
2. Uterine contraction: From the end of the eighth month of pregnancy, pregnant women will feel the abdomen tighten and harden from time to time when standing, sitting or walking, which is the beginning of uterine contraction. The interval between contractions varies from ten minutes to two hours. The duration of contractions is short, and the maximum duration of contractions is not more than half a minute. The maximum duration of contractions is not more than half a minute. Most contractions occur at night, and the uterine orifice cannot be widened, which is called pseudolabor. In the 38-4 weeks of pregnancy, you will enter the active period of labor. During this period, if you have uterine contractions every 2-3 minutes for 3-4 seconds, accompanied by progressive opening of the cervix, this is the uterine contraction before labor.
3. * * * bloody exudates appear: this is due to the expansion of the cervix, which separates the fetal membrane near the cervix from the uterine wall, resulting in capillary rupture, commonly known as "seeing red". Generally, the amount of red blood is less than the usual menstrual flow, and if it exceeds the menstrual flow, it is abnormal. Seeing red often appears within 24 hours before delivery.
2. Common sense of confinement
The confinement environment of the parturient should be clean, sanitary, comfortable and quiet, which can make the parturient feel happy and happy, and is conducive to the rest and recovery of the parturient.
1. Cleanliness and hygiene:
The puerpera spends most of her time in the bedroom, so the indoor items should be placed neatly and the environment should be kept clean and hygienic, and the hygiene of the bathroom is more important.
2. Indoor temperature and humidity should be appropriate:
The physical strength and resistance of the parturient are relatively low, so the living environment of the parturient in the next month has a great influence on the physical recovery of the parturient. The suitable temperature should be: 22℃-24℃; The humidity should be: 5-6.
Don't be too hot in summer, avoid too cold in winter, and keep the room at a constant temperature, which is conducive to maternal recovery.
3. The air in the bedroom should be fresh:
Keep the air in the bedroom of confinement fresh, and ventilate it twice a day for at least 2 minutes each time.
Before ventilation, let the parturient and the baby have a rest in other rooms first, and don't let the parturient and the baby blow into the convection wind to avoid catching cold. A comfortable environment can not only make pregnant women feel happy, but also prevent diseases.
4. Visit from relatives and friends should be reduced during the confinement period:
The living room space of parturient confinement is limited, and a quiet environment is needed for recuperation. Many friends visit the room, which will affect the rest of the parturient and the baby, and the other is that many foreign people will bring in many germs, which will easily cause the parturient and the baby to be infected with diseases. Therefore, the best visiting time should be after the full moon.
Basic precautions for confinement
1. Ensure good food and rest
Because childbirth will cause extreme physical and mental fatigue to the parturient, the first thing after childbirth is to let the parturient have a good sleep, so family members should not disturb her easily. After getting enough sleep, you should eat some nutritious and digestible food and drink plenty of water. You should eat high-nutrition, high-calorie and digestible food during the "confinement" and lactation period, so as to promote the rapid recovery of the body and ensure sufficient milk.
2. Get out of bed as soon as possible
Under normal circumstances, women who have given birth normally should get out of bed and walk the next day. But care should be taken not to catch cold and avoid cold air blowing directly. You can also do some simple exercises or postpartum gymnastics every day under the guidance of medical staff, which is conducive to recovery and maintain a good figure.
One week after delivery, the lying-in woman can do some slight housework, such as cleaning the table and sweeping the floor, but the duration should not be too long, let alone do heavy physical work, otherwise it will easily induce uterine bleeding and uterine prolapse.
3. Pay special attention to personal hygiene
There are a lot of secretions in the "confinement" period, so warm water or 1:5 potassium permanganate solution should be used to wash the external secretions every day. Change perineal pad frequently and keep it clean and dry.
Because you sweat a lot after delivery, you should wash your hair and feet frequently and change your underwear frequently to keep your body and skin clean. It is advisable to take a shower to avoid infection when dirty water flows into * * *.
During the confinement period, lying-in women eat more times and eat more things. If they don't pay attention to gargle and brush their teeth, bacteria in the oral cavity will easily multiply and oral diseases will occur. In the past, some women blindly believed in the "old rule"-they couldn't brush their teeth during confinement, and as a result, one "confinement" ruined a tooth. Maternal women should brush their teeth once or twice a day, and can choose a soft-haired toothbrush to brush gently. You should rinse your mouth with warm water after eating every time.
the room is often ventilated, and the indoor temperature should not be too high or high or low. In the past, it was often said that doors and windows should be closed tightly, and pregnant women should be covered with thick quilts at any time. This is very dangerous, especially in summer, which can easily cause heatstroke in pregnant women.
4. Breast-feed your baby as soon as possible
After delivery, * * * is obviously congested and swollen, and breast-feeding as early as possible is beneficial to the secretion of * * * milk sweat, which will make the future breast-feeding have a good start; It also promotes uterine contraction and recovery. Before and after breastfeeding, the lying-in woman pays great attention to keeping her hands clean and * * * * * clean, so as to prevent breast infection and neonatal intestinal infection.
5. Reasonable arrangement of postpartum sexual life
Sexual life is absolutely forbidden because the lochia is not clean or within 42 days after delivery, because the wound in the uterus has not been completely repaired. If you forget the "* * * order" for a moment of pleasure, it is easy to cause puerperal infection, and even cause adverse consequences such as chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.
Pregnant women with lochia earlier should take reliable contraceptive measures when resuming their sexual life, because pregnancy in puerperium is also a common thing and should be paid attention to.
6. Postpartum check-up on time
About 42 days after delivery, the puerperal period will end, and the parturient should go to the hospital for a postpartum check-up to understand the recovery of the body. In case of any abnormal situation, you can get the guidance and treatment of the doctor in time.
7. Don't blow or catch cold
If the indoor temperature is too high, the parturient can use air conditioner appropriately, and the room temperature is generally 25-28℃, but it should be noted that the air conditioner can't blow directly to the parturient. Maternal women should wear long-sleeved clothes and trousers, and it is best to wear a pair of thin socks. Do not touch cold water during confinement to prevent cold or soreness.
3. What are the six common senses of "natural delivery"
Giving birth to a child is an important event in life, and it is also indispensable for human reproduction and survival.
Giving birth to a child is medically called delivery, that is, the delivery of the fetus and its appendages from the mother after 28 weeks of pregnancy (7 months, that is, 196 days). Among them, those who give birth between 28 weeks (7 months, 196 days) and less than 37 full weeks (258 days) are called premature delivery; Those who give birth between 37 full weeks of pregnancy and less than 42 full weeks (259~293) are called $ TERM delivery; Those who are pregnant for 42 full weeks (294 days) and give birth later are called post-maturity delivery.
Normal delivery is a natural process in people's survival and reproduction. The so-called natural delivery means that a singleton is born naturally without the help of external force during the production process. However, it does not mean that there is no need for help. To be exact, the delivery should be done with the help of the midwife and the new midwifery method, so that the parturient can give birth smoothly, and both the mother and the baby are healthy without complications (except perineal lateral incision).
There are three basic conditions for a natural delivery, namely, adequate productivity, a normal pelvic cavity and a fetus of appropriate size in a normal fetal position. Without any of these conditions, a natural delivery cannot be achieved. What is the delivery process after the parturient enters the delivery room? The parturient is escorted into the delivery room by a nurse when the uterine opening is 23cm wide. After receiving the parturient, the midwife checks the uterine opening, listens to the fetal heart rate and conducts fetal heart monitoring (home test).
If the fetal heart rate monitoring is normal, the labor is expected in the labor room, and the midwife will regularly check the fetal heart rate (usually once an hour, and the fetal heart rate monitoring is interrupted according to the situation, and some scholars suggest that the whole process of labor should be monitored), check the cervical opening (generally, check it every 4 hours before the cervical opening is 3cm wide, and check it every 2 hours after the opening is 3cm wide, which can be adjusted according to the situation) and the fetal head decline. Normally, it takes an average of 8 hours from labor to cervix opening 3cm, 4 hours from cervix opening 3cm to cervix opening completely, and 12 hours from cervix opening completely to fetus delivery, so it takes about 1214 hours to give birth.
during this process, the fetal head should drop continuously, with an average drop of per hour. 83cm, if it exceeds the above limit through observation, it is abnormal, that is, it is beyond the scope of normal delivery. The midwife should report to the doctor, and the doctor will conduct a comprehensive examination to find out the possible reasons, and then handle or observe it. Sometimes it may be necessary to change to cesarean section.
As long as it is in this category, the parturient should not be too anxious, and adjust their emotions and breathing to facilitate the delivery. Because mental and psychological factors are also the fourth important factor leading to dystocia, being in a mental and psychological state of anxiety, anxiety and fear for a long time will lead to uterine inertia and fetal distress.
In addition, in the process of delivery, when the fetal heart monitoring is abnormal or the amniotic fluid is abnormal (polluted), the midwife also needs to report to the doctor, who will make a comprehensive examination and make a decision to continue the delivery or change the cesarean section. In addition, during the observation of the labor process, blood pressure is measured every 46 hours, and the parturient is allowed to urinate every 24 hours.
When the cervix of uterus is fully opened (1cm wide) for primiparas and 4cm wide for multiparas, the parturient enters the delivery room from the waiting room and gives birth on the delivery bed. At this time, the parturient can exert abdominal pressure, which is helpful for the delivery of the fetus. After the delivery of the fetus, the midwife should handle the umbilical cord for the newborn, measure the length and diameter of the head, weigh it, print the mother's thumb print and the newborn's foot print on the newborn's medical record.
After delivery, the parturient should observe in the delivery room for 2 hours to see if it will bleed, every . Press the uterus once every 51 hours to promote uterine contraction and observe bleeding.
and let the baby contact the mother's skin for more than half an hour, attracting * * *. Then leave the delivery room and go back to the ward to recuperate.
when do you need to go into the delivery room to give birth? Generally, most hospitals in our country enter the delivery room for labor after delivery, when the cervix is 2~3cm wide. A few qualified hospitals also recommend the way of giving birth in their own wards or at home.
In normal delivery, when the cervical opening is 2~3cm wide, the ward nurse or doctor will check the degree of cervical dilatation and listen to whether the fetal heart rate is normal, and then the nurse will escort them into the delivery room and hand them over to the midwife. After receiving the parturient, the midwife should check the cervical opening again and monitor the fetal heart rate in parallel, which is called home test in medicine to understand the intrauterine condition of the fetus.
As for China's stipulation that pregnant women should enter the delivery room to give birth, it is because there were many maternal and infant complications in the old-fashioned delivery method in the past, and the mortality rate of pregnant women and newborns was high. However, entering the delivery room has its advantages: (1) The delivery room is a semi-closed environment, and its articles and rooms are disinfected regularly every day and kept relatively sterile, which can reduce the probability of infection after delivery.
(2) Midwives in delivery rooms are all midwives who have received new midwifery training and passed the examination, and they should be checked and evaluated once every two years to ensure the safety of midwifery. (3) The delivery room is equipped with a delivery bed necessary for delivery, which is not available in the ward.
(4) The delivery room is equipped with equipment and medicines to rescue pregnant women and newborns, so as to ensure timely rescue in case of danger. (5) The rooms in the delivery room are relatively concentrated, which is convenient for observing the progress of labor, fetal heart rate and postpartum hemorrhage.
what is the process of childbirth? It is not a simple process for the fetus to be born from the mother's stomach. In order to facilitate the narration, we divide it into several important stages, so that expectant mothers can be confident and face the production process correctly after reading. First, at the end of labor (about 38 weeks of pregnancy), the fetal head enters the pelvic cavity. At this time, the fetal brain spoon (occipital part) and body (back part) face the left or right front of the mother. After labor, as the fetal head descends, it should bow its head (bend over), and then slowly turn inward, so that the occipital part turns forward and the face faces backward, and continue to descend. When the fetal head passes through the lower edge of pubic arc, the fetus will look up (. Continue to turn sideways, so that the fetal face faces left or right. At this time, with the help of the midwife, the front shoulder is born, and then the back shoulder is born, followed by the fetal body and limbs.
in these sports, any link that is not smooth can lead to dystocia, which is called cephalic dystocia. When a pregnant woman gives birth, with the descent of the fetal head, the mucosal folds in the inner layer of * * * are completely flattened, the vulva is expanded, and the pelvic floor muscle layer is relaxed and fully expanded, so that the fetus can leave the uterine cavity, pass through * * * and vulva, and come to the world to complete delivery.
However, despite the anatomy and biology of * * *.
4. knowledge about childbirth
due to people's incorrect understanding of childbirth, there is widespread fear of the pain caused by childbirth, and fear will lead to tension, which will further aggravate the pain, which will directly affect the process of childbirth and have an impact on the psychology of the parturient.
actually, we can deal with it through the following skills. One is to be accompanied by family members and guided by midwives after labor, to distract attention, to talk about the topics that the parturient is interested in together, and to explain the process of childbirth, so that the parturient can master the knowledge of childbirth and effectively relieve the discomfort during childbirth, thus reducing the sensitivity to contractions.
The second is to adjust the frequency and rhythm of breathing. When you are stressed by exercise or mental stress, the breathing frequency will be aggravated. Actively adjusting the frequency and rhythm of breathing can relieve the pressure caused by childbirth and enhance the self-control consciousness of parturient. When the method of diverting attention can't help parturient relieve the discomfort of childbirth, you can choose slow-chest breathing, and the frequency of breathing will be adjusted to 1/2 of normal. With the increase of the frequency and intensity of contractions, you can choose shallow breathing, and its frequency is normal breathing. The third is to adopt some skills that can relax the parturient.
If the family members or midwives touch the nervous parts of the parturient and instruct them to relax, repeatedly praise and encourage the parturient and explain the progress, nitrous oxide can be used to relieve pain if necessary. Choose soothing music to relax the lying-in women who have certain music appreciation ability.
when the cervix is fully opened, the pain of the parturient is relieved, and there is a feeling of defecation. The staff will guide the parturient to hold their breath and exert their strength correctly. At this time, the parturient should adjust their psychological and physical strength, actively cooperate and exert their strength correctly, so as to accelerate the progress of the labor process, otherwise the labor process will be prolonged due to the exertion of physical strength, and the fetus is prone to intrauterine asphyxia and intracranial ejection.