Inner insulation was learned from foreign countries in the 1980s, and external insulation started around 2000.
As for building fire protection, it has been a long time ago - the Huangshicheng built in the 13th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1534) adopts a masonry structure, and copper-clad camphor wood file cabinets are placed on the indoor stone platform. The Ningbo Tianyi Pavilion (see Library) built in the 40th year of Jiajing's reign was built on a lake facing water on three sides, and a storage pool was dug in front of the pavilion for fire prevention.