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1. Innovative Techniques of Rice Breeding in China
Breeding of New Super Hybrid Rice Combination with Good Quality (1)
The yield of super hybrid rice is increased by 20-30% on the basis of hybrid rice, and the yield per mu of super rice is over 800 kg. Liaoyou series has achieved an over-ton yield record of per mu 1077.0 kg in Xinjiang, which is at the international leading level.
(2) Breeding of new super rice combinations
The yield of the new super rice combination exceeded the national super rice breeding target, the rice quality reached the national high-quality rice standard, and the resistance to rice blast, bacterial blight and Chilo suppressalis was effectively improved. The extension area reached more than 60 million mu, which laid the foundation for achieving a new breakthrough in the yield of super hybrid rice and created new opportunities for greatly increasing the yield per unit area.
(3) Study on functional genes related to important agronomic traits such as high yield of rice.
The development of the world's first rice genome chip and the drawing of rice genome expression profile were completed, and a rice mutant library containing 70 thousand independent T-DNA insertions was constructed. 40 important functional genes and more than 400 candidate functional genes closely related to stress resistance, disease resistance and high yield of rice were isolated. A platform for plant transformation, gene cloning, functional identification and crop molecular design based on Qualcomm was established.
(4) Cultivation and application of highly effective insect-resistant transgenic rice.
Transgenic rice lines and excellent hybrid combinations with high resistance to LEPIDOPTERA pests were cultivated by using exogenous protein endoplasmic reticulum localization technology, double T-de selective marker transformation system and bivalent insect-resistant gene strategy. Transgenic rice has a remarkable control effect on Chilo suppressalis, Chilo suppressalis and other leaf-eating pests such as rice leaf roller, which can reduce pesticide consumption and application cost, and has great social and economic benefits.
2. New transgenic cotton varieties
Hybrid Breeding of (1) Cotton and Bivalent Transgenic Insect-resistant Cotton
Through distant hybridization, radiation, chemical mutagenesis and other methods to create new mutant materials, using transgenic technology, supplemented by ecological breeding, shuttle breeding and other means, organically integrate high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant, insect-resistant and other traits, and cultivate a number of breakthrough high-quality, high-yield and multi-resistant cotton varieties.
(2) Biological breeding technology of transgenic cotton with high quality, insect resistance and high yield.
On the basis of univalent and bivalent cotton bollworm resistance genes, the fusion genes of insect resistance, aphid resistance and herbicide resistance were constructed, introduced into cotton for variety breeding, and a number of new transgenic insect-resistant cotton varieties were selected, which successfully selected high-yield and high-quality three-line hybrid insect-resistant cotton, reduced the cost of cotton hybrid seed production and produced remarkable economic and social benefits.
(3) Innovation of cotton germplasm with resistance to Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt
It was suggested that cotton Fusarium wilt in China was composed of physiological races No.3, No.7 and No.8 (No.7 and No.8 were reported for the first time in the world), among which race No.7 was the dominant race in China, and the genome probe PVD 8-3 of cotton verticillium wilt defoliation strain was obtained first. Unique RAPD bands OPB- 19966 and OPM-20 169 1 were obtained. A molecular marker system was established to distinguish the defoliation and non-defoliation of different races of cotton Fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt. New strains (germplasm) resistant to Fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt (86-4, 86-6, BD 18) and new strains resistant to pests and diseases (B203, X033) have been cultivated, with indirect economic benefits of more than 30 billion yuan.
3. Prevention and treatment of avian influenza
(1) comprehensive preventive vaccine against avian influenza
Two vaccines, H5N 1 subtype avian influenza virus inactivated vaccine and H5 subtype avian influenza virus vector vaccine, were successfully developed by using recombinant DNA technology and reverse gene manipulation technology. The vaccine has high safety, strong antigen specificity, high immune efficacy and long duration, and can provide effective protection for various avian influenza. The inactivated vaccines of H5 and H9 subtype avian influenza with international advanced level have been successfully developed. Rapid diagnostic techniques such as RT-PCR and antigen capture ELISA were established.
(2) Genetic engineering vaccine for livestock and poultry
In order to improve the immune ability and safety of genetically engineered vaccines, the technical system of genetically engineered vaccines and immune adjuvants for livestock and poultry has made rapid progress and made important progress. The bivalent genetic engineering vaccine of infectious bursal disease (IBD), four kinds of DNA vaccines, three-gene deletion vaccine of porcine pseudorabies virus Fujian A strain SA2 15, and attenuated vaccine of pseudorabies virus TK-/GG were successfully developed. High-yield recombinant avian influenza vaccine strains rH5N3 and rH5N3 avian influenza vaccine with molecular markers were constructed, which had 100% protection against H5N 1 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza in waterfowl such as chickens and ducks. Molecular immune adjuvants of CpG, IL-6 and IL- 15 were prepared, and a large-scale extraction and purification process of genetic engineering bacteria 150 liter rich in CpG recombinant plasmid was established.
(3) detection of avian influenza pathogens
The rapid detection technology of avian influenza by fluorescence PCR shortens the detection time from 2 1 day to 4 hours, and has been widely used in the inspection and quarantine bureau directly under 16, 24 export aquaculture enterprises, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and domestic veterinary departments. Obtained a new class of veterinary drug registration certificate issued by the Ministry of Agriculture, and issued four national standards. A fluorescent RT-PCR detection kit and two multiplex RT-PCR detection technologies were established for the detection and typing of avian influenza virus universal type, H5 subtype, H7 subtype and H9 subtype. The rapid detection and typing of avian influenza virus has been realized, and the detection time has been shortened from about 20 days to 4 hours, which is the most sensitive, rapid and specific method for detecting avian influenza virus at present. More than 200 thousand copies have been popularized and applied, earning 300 million US dollars.
4. Deep processing of agricultural products
The major project "Research and Development of Agricultural Products Deep Processing Technology and Equipment" takes industrialization as the goal, enterprises as the main body of technological innovation, and research institutes and universities form a research consortium, which has achieved fruitful results in the demonstration of major key technologies, equipment and industrialization of agricultural products processing, and comprehensively narrowed the gap between China's agricultural products processing technology and the international advanced level.
By the first half of 2005, 243 new products, 86 new equipment and appraisal results 100 were obtained. Apply for national patents 182, of which 37 have been authorized; Formulate and promulgate the implementation standard 9 1, including 2 national standards; Breeding 59 special varieties for processing and establishing a processing raw material base of 6.58 million mu; Training 386 doctors and masters; Production line 105 was completed, with an added output value of 32.5 billion yuan, profits and taxes of 4.4 billion yuan, and foreign exchange earned by export of 320 million dollars, which promoted farmers' income to 5.43 billion yuan.