around 23, the idea of Digital Twin first appeared in Professor Grieves' product lifecycle management course at the University of Michigan. However, the word "Digital Twin" had not been formally put forward at that time, and Grieves called this idea "conceptual idea for PLM (product life cycle management)".
Nevertheless, the basic idea of digital twinning has been reflected in this idea, that is, the digital model constructed in virtual space is mapped with the physical entity interactively, faithfully describing the running track of the physical entity throughout its life cycle.
Although the population growth rate of China is declining year by year in the new century, the population of China has risen to 1.4 billion in 221 due to the influence of population base and obviously accelerated urbanization. A variety of "urban diseases" such as traffic congestion, public security deterioration, air pollution and noise pollution caused by the rapid increase of population and urbanization are seriously affecting our lives. If the city is too big, too many people will be concentrated in the city in a short time, which will inevitably lead to a large number of practical problems such as unemployment, traffic congestion, increased crime, environmental degradation, and tight supply of fresh water and energy resources. As well as the physical and mental diseases that urban people are prone to, these problems and contradictions restrict the development of the city to a certain extent, aggravate the burden of the city government, and make the city government fall into a dilemma.
it has been nearly ten years since the construction and development of smart cities, but so far no city has boasted that it has been built. In fact, smart cities are facing two bottlenecks, technical and non-technical, which are difficult to break through.
The so-called technical bottleneck refers to the success of the aggregated model innovation based on cloud computing and the Internet, while the original innovation based on technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain and quantum communication is extremely scarce, and there is no killer application. The ONE ICT architecture with organic integration of various functional modules has not been realized, resulting in the innovation remaining on the surface, and the level of urban operation and governance has been improved quantitatively, but there has been no qualitative change.
The so-called non-technical bottleneck is manifested in the fact that the huge capital problem needed for the construction of smart cities has not been solved, the boundary between the government and the market is not well defined, the project cycle is long and the investment is full of variables, the prospects of corporate profits and capital returns are vague, and the promotion effect can be imagined.
in addition, the resource sharing and business collaboration mechanism necessary to show wisdom has not been established, and it is still difficult to get through information and achieve collaborative governance. The unresolved two bottlenecks have led to the stagnation of smart cities, and the existing construction and development model needs to be broken.
the digital twin city recreates a corresponding "virtual world" in cyberspace by digitizing all the elements of the physical world, such as people, things and events, forming a pattern in which the physical world in the physical dimension coexists with the digital world in the information dimension. The dynamics of the physical world are fed back to the digital world accurately and in real time through sensors. Digitalization and networking are realized from reality to virtual, and networking intelligence is realized from virtual to real. Through the interaction between reality and virtual, the best and orderly operation of the physical world is realized.
Digital twin cities will promote the construction of new smart cities, and the virtual image of cities built on the information space will be superimposed on the physical space of cities, which will greatly change the urban appearance, reshape the urban infrastructure, and form a new form of urban development with the combination of reality and reality and twin interaction; With the help of more ubiquitous and inclusive perception, faster network and smarter computing, a more intelligent new city will be created.
Digital twin cities not only endow the city government with the ability of overall planning and real-time governance, but also bring all citizens a quality life experience.
improve the quality and level of urban planning: digital twin cities can quickly find out the city's "family background" and grasp the pulse of urban operation by implementing rapid "hypothesis" analysis and virtual planning; Understand the urban characteristics and evaluate the planning impact in the early stage of planning and construction, avoid wasting time on unrealistic planning and design, prevent redesigning in the verification stage, and promote innovative technologies to support the top-level design of smart cities with less cost and faster speed.
saving the total cost of citizens' travel time: first-time perception of road conditions, accident alarm and congestion diversion. Eliminate the hidden dangers of equipment safety for the citizens, and bring care and security to the citizens through real-time monitoring of public security incidents throughout the city.
to create a more civilized social atmosphere: the behaviors such as trampling on the lawn, non-motor vehicles occupying motor vehicle lanes, and non-motor vehicles retrograde are pushed online to the city supervision department for exposure, which effectively plays a warning role and promotes the civilized atmosphere of the whole people.
The current application demand of smart city mainly includes the following parts:
Smart city planning
In the stage of master planning and detailed planning announcement of new district and urban scheme design, it is necessary to restore the real urban space according to the ratio of 1: 1, which is different from the traditional planning drawings and renderings in the past and presents it to urban managers, urban designers and the public in the most intuitive way. In fineness, the granularity of data is refined to a water pipe, a wire, an electromechanical accessory inside the building, and a grass and a tree outside the building. In breadth, it covers plots on the ground, rivers, roads, buildings, underground pipe networks, tunnels and subway lines, realizing visual empowerment for urban construction, comprehensively viewing the future blueprint of the city and deducing urban planning. Assist city managers to compare urban design schemes more intuitively and comprehensively and make better urban planning decisions. Serve the whole life cycle of urban planning, construction and operation, provide an online blueprint for all departments of urban integrated command center, and provide support for subsequent urban construction.
the data panel needs to integrate urban data profile, population density, new town population planning, construction land planning, main city planning and other planning-related data, so as to visually display the current situation and future planning indicators of the city.
smart city design and construction
in the stage of urban design and construction, it is necessary to restore through the three-dimensional digital simulation platform and site infrastructure simulation, and improve the informatization level of project management on the premise of realizing visual and intelligent management of project construction.
the data panel should display real-time environmental monitoring data, project engineering information, node plan, site management personnel list and type statistics. Do a picture of project management, personnel management and safety management, ensure the safety of construction personnel, realize efficient management and scheduling of personnel, and maintain the green and safe construction environment.
management and operation of smart cities
Urban governance is the main content of recommending the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity. Digital twin simulation is the key to realize "supporting and empowering industries with data intelligence, realizing the optimal allocation and intelligent scheduling of urban public resources" and the core of realizing schedulability, operability and evaluation of cities.
With the help of digital twin technology, building a digital twin city operation scenario will greatly transform the city's appearance, reshape the urban infrastructure, realize the impact assessment on the dynamic optimal allocation of the city's public resources, and build a digital cockpit to show the current urban operation situation in a digital way, so as to realize the synergy of urban management decision-making and intelligent "insight into the situation", "support for decision-making" and "closed loop for disposal" and ensure the safe and orderly operation of the city.