Question 2: What are the types of abstracts of academic papers? According to the different contents, abstracts can be divided into the following three categories: reportorial abstracts, indicative abstracts and reports, and indicative abstracts.
(1) informative abstracts: also often called informative abstracts or informative abstracts, It is characterized by a comprehensive and brief summary of the purpose, methods, main data and conclusions of the paper. Usually, this kind of summary can partially replace reading the full text.
(2) indicative abstract: also often called descriptive abstract, descriptive abstract or topic abstract, Generally, only two or three sentences are used to summarize the theme of the paper, which does not involve arguments and conclusions, and is mostly used for summaries, conference reports, etc. This kind of abstract can be used to help potential readers decide whether they need to read the full text.
(3) informative-indicative abstract: The part of a document with high information value is expressed in the form of a reportable abstract. Explain the rest in the form of an indicative summary.
Question 3: What are the types of graduation thesis? China on-the-job graduate network summarizes many years of experience and draws the conclusion that the graduation thesis of on-the-job graduate students is a headache for candidates. Graduation thesis is a form of academic thesis. In order to further master the laws and characteristics of the thesis, it is necessary to classify the thesis. Because of the different content and nature of the graduation thesis, the research fields, objects, methods and expressions are different, graduation thesis has different classification methods. According to the size of the research questions, in-service graduate thesis can be divided into macro thesis and micro thesis. A paper that is global, universal and has certain guiding significance for local work is called a macro paper. It studies a wide range and has a wide range of influences. On the contrary, the papers that study the locality and specific problems are microscopic papers. It has guiding significance for specific work, and its influence is narrower. Graduation thesis can be divided into standing thesis and refuting thesis according to the nature of discussion. Argumentative graduation thesis refers to expounding and demonstrating one's own views and opinions from the front. A paper that focuses on argument is an argumentative paper. Writing a thesis requires clear arguments, sufficient arguments, rigorous argumentation, and convincing people with reason and facts. Argumentative graduation thesis refers to establishing one's own arguments and propositions by refuting others' arguments. If the graduation thesis focuses on refutation and refutes some wrong viewpoints, opinions and theories, it belongs to refutation graduation thesis. In addition to the requirements of arguments, arguments and argumentation, refuting papers also requires tit-for-tat and arguing. In-service graduate thesis can be divided into theoretical thesis, experimental thesis, descriptive thesis and design thesis according to the different contents and research methods. The latter three kinds of papers are mainly the paper forms that science and engineering students can choose, and they are not introduced here. Liberal arts students generally write theoretical papers. Theoretical papers can be divided into two types: one is purely abstract theory, the research method is rigorous theoretical deduction and mathematical operation, and some also involve experiments and observations to verify the correctness of the argument. The other is based on the investigation of objective things and phenomena, the observation data obtained from the investigation and the relevant literature data. The research method is to analyze, synthesize, summarize and abstract the relevant data, and put forward some new theories and new opinions through induction, deduction and analogy.
Question 4: What types of references should be published? The list of references should be numbered in the order in which they appear in the text. All the authors in the literature are listed within 3, and the "et al" is added after the first three are listed, and the "et al" is added in English. When writing in a foreign language, the author's surname is first and last. Please give the specific references in the following format:
(1) Journal articles (document type identification: J)
[serial number] main responsible person. Title [J] Title, year, volume (issue): page number (optional).
(2) monograph (document type identification: M)
[serial number] main responsible person. Title [M] Place of publication: publisher, year of publication, page number.
(3) The documents separated from the collection of essays (document type identification: c) (document type identification: A)
[serial number] are mainly responsible for the separated documents. Precipitate the title of the document [A]. Principal of the collection of essays (optional). Title of collection of essays [C]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication, and page numbers of precipitated documents.
(4) Dissertation (document type ID: D)
[serial number] Principal. Title [D]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.
(5) international and national standards (document type identification: S)
[serial number] standard number, standard name [S]. Release year.
(6) patent (document type identification: P)
[serial number] patent owner. Patent name [P]. Patent country: patent number, publication date.
(7) electronic document
[serial number] main responsible person. Title of electronic literature. Source (or available address), publication (or update) date/citation date of electronic documents.
(8) Document with undefined type (document type ID: Z)
[serial number] main responsible person. Document title [Z]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.
Question 5: What journals have no grades for the types of graduation thesis? At present, most of the classification standards we refer to are the classification of journals by various institutions and competent departments according to their own conditions.
Question 6: What are the types of argumentative papers? 1. Establishing papers? 1. Definition: the genre of articles that directly express their views and opinions by telling facts and reasoning. 2. Requirements: ① Have a correct view of the issues discussed; ② Use sufficient convincing arguments; ③ Be reasonable and logical; 2. Refute the thesis; 1. Definition: Argument is to refute the other party's point of view, and expound one's own point of view while refuting; 2. Method: ① Put forward arguments; 2. Prove arguments; 3. Summarize the definition of the combination of arguments and refuting papers: first point out the essence of the other party's mistakes, and then refute the wrong arguments that have been pointed out, and at the same time or after refuting.