Lotus root is one of the pillar industries of agriculture in Caidian District, Wuhan City. In 2006, the planting area was 10,000 hectares, the total output was 200,000 tons, and the total output value was 320 million yuan, accounting for 18.2% of the total agricultural output value of the district. In order to improve the economic benefits of lotus root fields, Caidian District has promoted a number of efficient cultivation models of lotus root fields and achieved good results. In 2006, the model promotion area in the region reached 7,730 hectares, accounting for 77.3% of the lotus root planting area in the region. The following introduces the main promotion and application models in recent years.
1 Early lotus root and late rice
Lotus root is planted from late March to early April and excavated in mid-July; late rice is sown in mid-to-late June and transplanted in late July. This model was applied earlier in this area, with a larger area, small investment and stable benefits.
1.1 Technical points
Strengthen the early-maturing cultivation and management of lotus roots, promote the expansion of lotus roots, and ensure early yield and efficiency. Late rice is subject to conventional management.
Key points of lotus root field management: ① Select early and medium-maturing varieties, such as Elian No. 1, Elian No. 5 and Wuzhi No. 2, etc. ② Reasonably dense planting, the conventional seed amount per 667 square meters is about 450kg. ③ Apply sufficient base fertilizer and apply top dressing early. Apply 100kg ammonium bicarbonate, 50kg phosphate fertilizer and 15kg potassium sulfate compound fertilizer to 667 square meters, and apply as much organic fertilizer as possible. When standing leaves begin to appear, apply 15kg of urea per 667 square meters. ④ Since the base fertilizer in the lotus root field is relatively sufficient, less or no base fertilizer can be applied to the late rice.
1.2 Economic Benefits
Lotus root is excavated in mid-July, with a yield of 900kg from 667 square meters, a price of 2.6 yuan/kg, and an output value of 2,340 yuan; late rice is harvested from 667 square meters with a yield of 450kg, 1.6 yuan/kg. kg, output value 720 yuan. The total output value of 667 square meters in two seasons is 3,060 yuan. After deducting production costs, the annual profit is 2,300 yuan. The average yield of mid-season rice is 650kg per 667 square meters, 1.8 yuan/kg, with an output value of 1,170 yuan and a profit of 800 yuan. Compared with one-season mid-season rice, this model has an efficiency increase of 1,500 yuan per 667 square meters.
2 Early lotus root - Artemisia truncatula (Artemisia truncatula)
After harvesting the lotus root, plant it again with Artemisia truncatula. Lotus root is cultivated using insulation facilities, planted in early March, and harvested in stages from early June to early July; Artemisia truncatula is planted in early August, and harvested from late October to April of the following year (covered for insulation in winter). This is a new model that has been promoted and applied in recent years. In 2006, the area was promoted to more than 730 hectares.
2.1 Technical points
① Use a large shed or a medium shed. The greenhouse is a steel frame greenhouse with a width of 6.0m, a height of 2.5m and a length of 50m. The middle shed uses a bamboo bow, with a width of 3~3.5m, a height of 1.5~1.7m, and a length of 20~30m. The shed faces north and south to facilitate ventilation. Due to the high investment in greenhouses, most greenhouses in Caidian District currently use medium greenhouses.
② For lotus roots, choose the early-maturing and medium-maturing varieties Elian No. 1 and Elian No. 5; plant them early at the right time, and plant them in early March, one month earlier than in the open field; increase the planting density, using 667 square meters per lotus root. The seed quantity is 450kg; apply sufficient base fertilizer and early top dressing, apply 75kg of ternary compound fertilizer per 667 square meters, and apply 10kg of urea when standing leaves appear; excavate and market in time, usually divided into 2 excavations.
③ Artemisia truncatula In early July, after the lotus root is harvested, drain the field water and dry the field for 20 days, then plow and prepare the land, and apply 3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per 667 square meters. Build the surrounding ditch and the compartment ditch. The ditch depth is 25cm and the compartment width is 1.2cm. Cuttings are taken in early August. The cuttings are 8-10cm long and have two ungerminated plump axillary buds. Immediately after cutting, water it once and cover it with a sunshade net. Frequent irrigation should be applied to keep the border surface moist. Furrow irrigation should be carried out, and top dressing should be carried out in conjunction with irrigation. In late November, cover with film for insulation. The shed temperature should be 18-20°C, and pay attention to removing the film for ventilation and humidity reduction. Five crops can be harvested in one year, until April of the following year.
2.2 Economic Benefits
The first mining of lotus roots was in early June, with an output of 450kg from 667 square meters, 8.0 yuan/kg, and an output value of 3,600 yuan; the second mining was 7 In the first ten days of this month, the output of 667 square meters was 400kg, 3.0 yuan/kg, and the output value was 1,200 yuan. The total output value of the 667 square meters of lotus roots harvested twice was 4,800 yuan. Artemisia truncatula was harvested in 5 crops, with an output of 3000-4000kg in 667 square meters and an output value of 4100 yuan. The total output value of 667 square meters of lotus root and artemisia in two seasons is 8,900 yuan. After deducting production costs, a profit of 6,570 yuan can be obtained. Compared with the "lotus root and late rice in greenhouse", this model has an increase of 2,900 yuan per 667 square meters. This model requires a certain amount of investment and requires more labor, but it is highly efficient and can solve the problem of more people and less land.
3 Double-cropped lotus root (lotus-lotus root)
Double-cropped lotus root is a new model of two kinds and two harvests of lotus root invented by Caidian District lotus farmers. It obtained a technology patent in 2001 . The second season lotus root of this model has the characteristics of white and round lotus root body, uniform lotus root joints, crisp, sweet and refreshing, and is very popular in the market. If tunnel excavation is used in the second season, part of the seedlings are left in the field, and field management is strengthened in a timely manner, the lotus roots can mature early the next year and be excavated and put on the market in mid-June, obtaining higher prices and benefits. In 2006, the area of ??double-cropped lotus roots in this area was 1,200 square meters.
3.1 Technical points
①Select the early-maturing variety Elian No. 1, 15 to 20 days earlier than the medium-maturing variety Elian No. 5. The first season lotus roots are harvested in mid-June. Take the large lotus roots for the market, and keep the small lotus roots as seedlings for the second season and transplant them to the field in time. In the second season, 900 seeds were used for 667 square meters, with 1,200 effective bud heads. They were excavated from November to December. The next year, field management will be strengthened in time, and mining will be carried out again in mid-June, repeating the cycle year by year.
② Since the lotus roots in the first season are native seedlings from the previous autumn, the seedlings emerge faster than transplanted lotus roots. If water and fertilizer management is strengthened in time, the lotus roots can swell and bear fruit in late May. Before emergence, combined with cultivating and weeding, apply 100kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 50kg of phosphate fertilizer, 20kg of potassium fertilizer, 2kg of boron fertilizer, 1kg of zinc fertilizer, and 5kg of carbendazim per 667 square meters, and topdress 20kg of urea when there are 1 to 2 standing leaves.
In the second season, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied to lotus roots, 500kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 50kg of compound fertilizer should be applied to 667 square meters. When the first standing leaves appear, apply 15kg of urea to 667 square meters.
③ Focus on preventing and controlling Spodoptera litura in autumn, and keep the water depth above 10cm in lotus root fields in winter to prevent freezing damage.
3.2 Economic Benefits
In the first quarter, the output of 667 square meters of lotus root was 750kg, with an output value of 3,000 yuan; in the second quarter, the output of 667 square meters of lotus root was 450kg, with an output value of 1,800 yuan; in the two seasons, the total output of lotus root was 750kg per The output value of 667 square meters is 4,800 yuan. After deducting costs, the average profit per 667 square meters is 3,700 yuan. This model requires less investment and higher benefits.
4. Early lotus root and water chestnut
The "early lotus root-water chestnut" planting model has a long history in Caidian District. In 2006, the model was promoted to an area of ??1,000 hectares.
4.1 Technical points
① Lotus root is planted in early April and excavated in mid-July; water chestnuts are cultivated in early April, planted in mid-to-late July, and excavated from December to March of the following year. dig.
② For lotus root cultivation, please refer to "Early Lotus Root-Rice".
③Water chestnut germination: Xiaogan water chestnut, Hangzhou fruit chestnut and other varieties can be selected. In early April, the vegetable plots in front and behind the house were prepared and germinated. Prepare enough 200 to 250 water chestnut bulbs (3.5 to 3.5kg) for seed use in every 667 square meters of field.
④ Send cuttings When the water chestnut buds grow to about 6cm, they are transferred to the sending field. Open the seedling field at a height of 1.5m, drain away the open water, and plant the seedlings with buds at a density of 13cm x 17cm.
⑤Separate seedlings. In mid-to-late May, separate seedlings for fake planting. Apply 50kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer per 667 square meters of seedbed.
After planting, shallow water management was carried out, and urea was applied twice, 10kg/667 square meters each time.
⑥ Field planting in mid-to-late July. Before planting, combined with land preparation, apply 500kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 100kg of compound fertilizer to 667 square meters. The distance between planting holes is 0.5m, the distance between rows is 1m, and each hole is 3~ 5 seedlings.
① In field water and fertilizer management, shallow water should be used in the early stage to promote tree growth. The appropriate depth is 3 to 5cm. Later, gradually deepen the water layer to 5-10cm to control tillers and promote the expansion of water chestnuts. Topdress 3 times during the whole growth period, the first time 10 days after transplanting, apply 10kg urea per 667 square meters; the second time 20 days after the first topdressing, apply 10kg urea per 667 square meters; the third time at the end of the harvest Before the ball, apply 15kg of compound fertilizer per 667 square meters to promote the expansion of water chestnuts.
4.2 Economic benefits
The output of lotus root in the first crop is 800kg per 667 square meters, the average price is 2.4 yuan/kg, and the output value is 1920 yuan; the output of water chestnuts in the second crop is 2300kg per 667 square meters, and the average price is 1920 yuan. 1.2 yuan/kg, output value 2760 yuan. In the two seasons, the output value per 667 square meters was 4,680 yuan, and the profit was 3,700 yuan. This model is more efficient, but requires more labor.
5 Loach in lotus root field
Raising loach in lotus root field is a method of ecological breeding. The ecological environment of the lotus root field is very suitable for the survival of loaches. The loaches burrow in the mud and live in it, which is beneficial to the loosening of the soil and the decomposition of fertilizers, and they can also prey on lotus root field pests. Caidian District demonstrated this model in 2001 and promoted it year by year, with a cumulative promotion area of ??more than 330 hectares.
5.1 Main technologies
① Field facilities should open a ring ditch around the field ridge, 1.5m wide and 0.5m deep, and raise the field ridge to 0.6m, and set up escape prevention at the inlet and drainage area facility.
②Field selection requires convenient drainage and irrigation, strong water retention, rich soil organic matter content, and a deep mud layer. Generally, the mud layer depth is required to be about 25cm, and the area is preferably 334 to 667 square meters for easy management.
③Lotus root management: Planting in early April. The base fertilizer should be mainly basal fertilizer, supplemented by top dressing; the basal fertilizer should be mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer. Apply 1000kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 50kg of compound fertilizer every 667 square meters as base fertilizer, and 15kg of urea as top dressing. The top dressing is applied 10 days before loaches are stocked.
④ Loach stocking When lotus roots grow to 3 to 4 leaves, they can be stocked, usually in mid-May. Keep the water layer at 10-15cm when stocking. Put 1.0~15kg of loach seedlings about 5cm in size per 100 square meters. The loach feed mainly includes mixed feeds such as wheat bran, bean dregs and earthworms. The feed is fed once a day, and the feeding amount is 3 to 5% of the total weight of the loach. The type and amount of feed can be adjusted at any time according to different temperatures.
⑤Harvest: Lotus roots are harvested from November to March of the following year. Loach fishing can be postponed to March of the following year.
5.2 Economic benefits
The output of lotus root from 667 square meters is 1500kg, 1.2 yuan/kg, with an output value of 1800 yuan; the output of loach from 667 square meters is 180kg, at 26 yuan/kg, with an output value of 4680 yuan. The total output value of lotus roots and loaches per 667 square meters is 6,480 yuan. After deducting costs, the profit is 4,100 yuan.