If we say what product is the most popular in the agricultural resources market now, I think many people will say "liquid slow-release nitrogen fertilizer", but no matter whether the marketing of this product is hot, it is only a matter of business model and marketing model, which does not mean that this product belongs to the agricultural sector without registration. Below we will talk about these products from the following aspects.
first, the main product types of nitrogen fertilizer.
nitrogen is an important component of many important organic compounds in plants. The main nitrogen forms that can provide nitrogen sources for crops in soil are ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and amide nitrogen. These nitrogen sources are all available nitrogen fertilizers, and amide nitrogen is transformed into ammonium nitrogen or nitrate nitrogen by microorganisms in soil to provide nitrogen nutrition for crop growth. At present, the main nitrogen fertilizers include: ① ammonium nitrogen fertilizer ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3), ammonium sulfate {(NH4)2SO4}, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonia water (NH3.H2O), liquid ammonia (NH3), etc. ② Nitrate nitrogenous fertilizers such as sodium nitrate (NaNO3), calcium nitrate {Ca(NO3)2} and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3); ③ Amide nitrogen fertilizer urea {CO(NH2)2} is the fertilizer with the highest nitrogen content among solid nitrogen.
④ urea ammonium nitrate solution, urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen and phosphorus binary fertilizers such as monoammonium phosphate and urea phosphate, and nitrogen and potassium binary fertilizers such as potassium nitrate.
second, what is a slow-release fertilizer?
Slow-controlled release fertilizer is a new type of fertilizer, which combines modern plant nutrition and fertilization theory and high-tech controlled release, and takes into account the law of crop nutrition demand, and adopts some regulation mechanism technology to delay or control the release period and amount of fertilizer in soil, so that its nutrient release mode can be coordinated or synchronized with crop nutrient absorption. It is generally believed that the so-called "release" refers to the process (such as dissolution, hydrolysis, degradation, etc.) in which nutrients are transformed from chemical substances into effective forms that can be directly used by plants. "Slow-release" means that the release rate of chemical nutrients is much lower than that of quick-dissolving fertilizers which are transformed into effective nutrients of plants after being applied to soil. The release rate of nutrients transformed into available plants after being applied to soil is much lower than that of instant fertilizer.
thirdly, what kind of fertilizer is exempted from registration?
According to the requirements of the Administrative Measures for the Registration of Agricultural Fertilizers (revised in 217):
(1) Exemption from registration. The following products that have been used in farmland for a long time and have national or industrial standards are exempted from registration: ammonium sulfate, urea, ammonium nitrate, calcium cyanamide, ammonium phosphate (monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate), nitrophosphate, superphosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, single trace element fertilizer and high-concentration compound fertilizer.
(2) Types of direct approval and registration. The Ministry of Agriculture directly examines and approves and issues fertilizer registration certificates to products that meet the following conditions: (1) Products that meet national or industrial standards and pass the inspection; (two) the types of products recommended by the fertilizer registration review committee and recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture, and the products with complete application materials and qualified quality after inspection.
fourth, which nitrogen fertilizers are exempt from registration?
ammonium sulfate, urea, ammonium nitrate.
fifth, which nitrogen fertilizers are directly registered?
Then, let's first look at the national or industrial standards of nitrogen fertilizer:
(1) ammonium bicarbonate: GB 3559-21 ammonium bicarbonate for agricultural use;
(2) ammonium chloride: GB/T 2946-218 ammonium chloride
(3) ammonia water: HG/T 5353-218 industrial ammonia water
(4) liquid ammonia: GB/T 536-217 liquid anhydrous ammonia
(5) sodium nitrate: GB/T 437. T 3787-25 industrial calcium nitrate and HG/T 458-213 agricultural calcium nitrate
(7) urea ammonium nitrate solution: HG/T 4848-216 urea ammonium nitrate solution
urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer: HG/T 4214-211 urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer
other nitrogen fertilizer industry standards: NY. HG/T 4135-21 Stable fertilizer (this standard is applicable to the nitrogen-containing (containing amide nitrogen/ammonium nitrogen) stable fertilizer produced by adding urease inhibitor and/or nitrification inhibitor (the fertilizer added with urease inhibitor should contain urea)) particularly emphasizes that this reaction refers to the reaction in soil. GB/T 34763-217 Urea-formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer < P > Sixth, what are the slow-release liquid nitrogen fertilizers, and are they exempt from registration or direct registration?
At present, the common slow-release nitrogen fertilizers in the market include urea ammonium nitrate, urea-formaldehyde slow-release nitrogen solution, amino acid mixed products, slow-release nitrogen solution products containing mineral potassium fulvate, organic polypeptide nitrogen fertilizer and so on. No matter which slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is not one of the "ammonium sulfate, urea and ammonium nitrate" exempted from registration; At present, urea ammonium nitrate and urea formaldehyde slow-release nitrogen solution have industry or national standards, which can be registered through direct examination and approval, but ≠ are exempt from registration. Other slow-release liquid nitrogen fertilizers should be registered after fertilizer efficiency tests.
Seventh, at present, many liquid slow-release nitrogen fertilizers say that liquid nitrogen fertilizers have done a lot of experiments.
at present, the national test of liquid nitrogen fertilizer is basically a regional test of urea ammonium nitrate solution, not a test of other types of fertilizers.
On January 7th, 216, the kick-off meeting of urea ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) experiment demonstration and promotion project organized by National Fertilizer Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Beijing) and China Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry Association was successfully held in Beijing. Wang Daolong, director of the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Regionalization of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Gu Zongqin, director of the China Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry Association, signed experimental cooperation agreements with 13 experimental cooperation units, including the Soil Improvement Experimental Station of the Eighth Division of Xinjiang Corps. With the cooperation of the National Nitrogen Fertilizer Association, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other units, the urea ammonium nitrate solution has been systematically tested for three years in China, but this test is only a liquid nitrogen fertilizer, not a so-called liquid slow-release nitrogen fertilizer.
Eighth, can water soluble fertilizer standards be exempted from registration?
Macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is mainly composed of macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and liquid or solid water-soluble fertilizer made of trace elements such as copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron and molybdenum or medium elements such as calcium and magnesium is added in proportion suitable for plant growth. The product implementation standard is NY117-21, which stipulates that the content of macroelements in solid products is ≥ 5%, and the content of trace elements is ≥ .2 ~ 3.%; The content of major elements in liquid products is ≥ 5 g/L, and the content of trace elements is ≥ 2 ~ 3 g/L..
the content of macroelements refers to the sum of the total contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The product should contain at least two kinds of macroelements, and the content of single macroelement should not be less than 4.% (solid) or 4g/kg (liquid). Therefore, a single slow-release nitrogen fertilizer does not meet the water soluble fertilizer standard.
ninth, can imported products be exempted from registration?
according to the requirements of article 5 of the measures for the administration of agricultural fertilizer registration in 217, the registration management system of fertilizer products shall be implemented, and unregistered fertilizer products shall not be imported, produced, sold or used, nor shall they be advertised. In other words, fertilizer registration has nothing to do with whether it is imported or not, and it needs to be registered; Moreover, the application for fertilizer registration of foreign products without the use certificate (registration) of the producing country will not be accepted.
To sum up, the premise of fertilizer import, production, sale and use is registration, and only three kinds of nitrogen fertilizers are exempted from registration: ammonium sulfate, urea and ammonium nitrate. Other nitrogen fertilizers, whether slow-release nitrogen fertilizer or liquid nitrogen, must be registered, whether imported or domestic; Slow-release liquid nitrogen fertilizer does not belong to water soluble fertilizer, and its standard is not suitable for single-element fertilizer; In recent years, the national large-scale systematic liquid nitrogen fertilizer efficiency test is a test of urea ammonium nitrate solution, and other fertilizers are rubbing heat and playing with substitute flowers.
Finally, before fertilizer producers apply for fertilizer registration, they must conduct standardized field experiments in China. What is the experimental period of agriculture? It should be clear to everyone that time is the only criterion to test the effect of fertilizer, not marketing.
Author: Liang Fei, Associate Research Fellow, Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Fertilizer, Xinjiang Agricultural Reclamation Academy, first published today's headline "Liang Fei, Xinjiang Agricultural Reclamation Academy"
re-edited by Popular Science China
Content from: Yunshang Zhinong.