Coin buckle with bronzing mechanism
Coin buttons with bronze bronzing mechanism are a kind of buttons on people's clothes in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of C
Coin buckle with bronzing mechanism
Coin buttons with bronze bronzing mechanism are a kind of buttons on people's clothes in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, which can be seen from the palace costumes of the Qing Dynasty collected by the Palace Museum to the ancestral clothes preserved in rural people's homes. In recent years, the author has paid attention to the collection of coins and buttons made of copper and gold. At present, Jinnan has collected thousands of buttons of different styles, versions and colors. Through sorting out and studying these coin buttons made of copper and gold, the author found that they were popular in a specific historical period in China, and their shapes conveyed a lot of information about the traditional culture of China, among which the typical individuals were worthy of appreciation from the aesthetic perspective of folk art works.
First, the popularity of coin buckles with copper gold plating mechanism.
1. The popularity of bronze gold-plated coin buckles is related to the special historical period when China entered Tongguang Zhongxing.
After the Opium War, the western economy infiltrated into China and began to stimulate China's economy, so that the economies of Tongzhi and Guangxu dynasties in the Qing Dynasty were restored, and China entered a period known as "Tongguang Renaissance". During that period, the Westernization School in the Qing government set off a "Westernization Movement" aimed at introducing western technology, developing emerging industries and enhancing national strength in order to safeguard the feudal rule of the Qing government. The Westernization Movement made China enter the development stage of opening to the outside world and introducing foreign capital for the first time in history. At that stage, the import and export trade with China and the production of industrial products were greatly developed through many economic and trade organizations called "foreign companies" established by foreign businessmen in China. Figure 1, Figure 2: On the back of the coin buckle with copper bronzing mechanism, there are the words "Jialu Wei Zhi" and "Lihe Foreign Firm", which were the names of a foreign foreign foreign firm in China at that time.
German Kalowitz set up a foreign firm in Guangzhou as early as before the start of the Westernization Movement in China 1845, and named it "Kalowitz". 1855, the foreign firm was renamed as "Li He Foreign Firm". From 65438 to 0877, this foreign firm set up its head office in Shanghai under the favorable foreign economic atmosphere of China's Westernization Movement, and later set up branches and branches in more than a dozen big cities in China. There were hundreds of foreign trade organizations with China like Galloway in the period of Zhongxing in Tongguang, and their trade in China was various, among which the coin clasp with copper-plated and gold-plated mechanism was one of them. Coin buckles with copper plating and gold plating mechanisms were originally imported from foreign companies. Later, with the deepening of trade with China, many foreign companies set up factories in China and started production.
2. The popularity of coin buckle with copper plating mechanism was related to the monetary system reform in China at that time.
At the end of feudal society, foreign currency flowed into China intermittently. By the19th century, foreign trade silver dollars began to enter our country in large quantities, directly impacting our currency. Foreign-made silver dollars are also called "foreign money" or "foreign money" in China. It is made by machine. Its shape is a silver circular plate with a certain thickness and diameter, with pictures on the front and characters on the back. Because the standard of silver dollar is unified, easy to trade and beautifully made, it has obvious advantages over the two main coins of silver implemented in Qing Dynasty and coins that have been used for more than 2,000 years, so the people are willing to accept it. 1887 (13th year of Guangxu reign), China introduced mint machine and began to manufacture silver dollars. 1900 (the 26th year of Guangxu), with the permission of the Qing government, Guangdong began to manufacture copper circles shaped like silver dollars. The issuance and circulation of copper coins give ordinary people in China the opportunity to directly experience the ease of use and beauty of mechanism coins. With the epoch-making changes in China's monetary system, the copper-plated and gold-plated mechanism coin clasp is favored by Chinese people because of its similarity with metal mechanism coin in modeling characteristics, manufacturing technology and aesthetic communication, and it is proudly popular in China.
3. The popularity of the copper-plated coin clasp is related to our people's pursuit of new fashion brought by the industrial revolution at that time.
Although it can't be regarded as the independent action of the ruling class in Qing dynasty, it can't make the decadent feudal dynasty flourish at all. However, at that time, the economy of the Qing Dynasty improved, and at the same time, the advanced western ideology and culture in the Westernization Movement of the Qing government was introduced into China and gradually accepted by the Chinese people. Under the shackles of feudalism for thousands of years, people began to emancipate their minds and pursue new ideological trends and fashions brought about by the industrial revolution. Coin buckle made of copper and gold was a novel and beautiful civilian product with the characteristics of western industrial civilization that people were happy to enjoy at that time.
Second, the shape of the coin buckle has a copper bronzing mechanism.
1, coin buckle shape of copper bronzing mechanism
The title of "copper-plated mechanism coin buckle" basically defines its shape from material (copper), surface treatment (gold plating) and style (mechanism coin buckle). Fig. 3 is a typical copper-plated coin buckle, which consists of a buckle plate and buttons. The pinch plate is made of copper plate material by machine stamping and is divided into positive and negative sides. The button is made of copper wire and then welded to the back of the button board. There are embossed patterns on the front of the gusset plate, and the surface is treated by gold plating process, and the silver plating process is rare. There are words and marks on the back of the gusset, most of which are positive language and few are negative language. On the whole, the shape of the gusset plate is very similar to the copper machine currency commonly known as "copper plate" in the Republic of China. Coin buttons made of copper and gold plating have different uses and sizes. Button diameter 1 1 ~ 27.5 mm, button thickness 1 ~ 2.3 mm, and button weight 0.7 ~ 8 g. ..
Coin buttons with copper plating mechanism are different from metal buttons made by folk artists in individual workshops and cloth buttons knitted by folk women at any time in China history. Although some old hand-made metal buttons are similar in appearance to the copper plating mechanism (some traditional silver buttons are also composed of pinch plates and buttons), they are definitely not mechanical, but completely standardized, and are manufactured in batches by workers operating machines in factories.
2. Front view of coin buckle with copper plating mechanism
The front of the coin buckle with copper bronzing mechanism is mainly graphics. As far as the physical objects collected by the author are concerned, there are more than 140 independent graphics. These graphics can be roughly divided into people, animals, plants, landscapes, still life, font symbols, foreign styles and other theme types. Characters include China's traditional dramas, classical myths, auspicious and historical figures; Animals include dragons, unicorns, lions, tigers, camels, deer, horses, cows, sheep, cats, cranes, geese, cranes, mandarin ducks, quails, pigeons, magpies, swallows, bats, butterflies, slugs, goldfish and so on. Plants include peony, plum blossom, pomegranate, peach, bergamot and various flowers and plants; Still life includes the Eight Immortals, the cornucopia and Bo Gu. Font symbols are blessed, rich, rich, longevity, expensive, long, and so on; Foreign styles include celebrities from other countries, advanced means of transportation from other countries and foreign symbols.
The most common pattern in coin buckles with copper plating and gold plating mechanism is the pattern with traditional aesthetic taste in China, which is the result of foreign foreign firms' emphasis on absorbing the traditional culture of China in the production and marketing process in China, especially the choice of auspicious patterns that China people are willing to accept. Many classic auspicious figures, such as "Qi Fei Swallow", "Birthday of Magpie", "Melon", "Happiness in sight" and "More than every year, Peace in the New Year", are widely used in coin buckles with copper and gold plating mechanism.
3. The text on the back of the coin buckle with copper gold plating mechanism.
The back of the coin buckle of copper bronzing mechanism is mainly composed of characters, and the name of the manufacturer, product quality assurance and product origin are generally indicated in Chinese and English fonts. Chinese characters are usually manufacturers, that is, the names of foreign firms at that time. For example: Galloway, Busch Douhang, Connerford Foreign Firm, Dias Foreign Firm, Feilimo Foreign Firm, Yifeng, Guangfeng, Wan Shunfeng, Huafeng, Mo Lifeng, Long Fu, Shun Jinlong, Shuncheng, Shunshun, Shunfa, Xinglong Foreign Firm, Xingxing Foreign Firm, Woori, Murray, Medicis Foreign Firm, Li Sen, Xinli, etc. English words are usually the content of product quality assurance: RICH? High notes? Gold-plated (gorgeous three-layer gold-plated), treble? Silver plating (three layers of silver plating), gold? Buttons (gold buttons), orange? GILT？ Color (orange gold plating), guarantee (guaranteed and worthwhile), quality? BEST (best quality) and PATENT (patent). Compared with the manufacturer's name and product quality assurance, there are fewer words of origin on the back of the coin buckle of copper bronzing mechanism, and the author only collects a few place names such as Shanghai, Tianjin, London and Japan. The characters on the back of the coin buckle of bronze bronzing mechanism are mostly in Chinese and English, which are generally read in turn, most of which are male and only a few are female. In addition to characters, there are also symbols deliberately made by the makers on the back of coin buckles with copper bronzing mechanism, such as *, ●, ☆, ◎, ⊙,+and so on. These symbols are either interspersed with characters or symmetrical with characters, so that the back of coin buckle of copper bronzing mechanism forms a whole with beautiful characters.
The coin-shaped buckle with peculiar characteristics of copper gold plating mechanism was introduced from the early stage.