27,000 words, detailing the economic and social development of Shenzhen in the next five years, 10 and even 15. In 2020, Shenzhen's GDP is expected to exceed 2.8 trillion yuan, ranking among the top five Asian cities. According to Shenzhen's "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" development goal, the GDP target in 2020 is 2.6 trillion yuan, which means that Shenzhen will overfulfil more than 200 billion yuan.
The main economic goal of Shenzhen's Tenth Five-Year Plan is to build a modern international innovative city with an economic aggregate exceeding 4 trillion yuan and basically realize socialist modernization. This also means that in the next five years, the average annual nominal GDP growth rate in Shenzhen will reach about 7.4%.
The comprehensive reform pilot led to "starting after reform and opening up"
The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is the first five years for China to start a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and it is also the five years for Shenzhen to achieve the first-stage development goal of building a pioneering demonstration zone in Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
In June 5438 +2020 10, the general offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Implementation Plan for the Comprehensive Reform Experimental Zone of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Experimental Demonstration Zone (2020-2025).
This also means that the "14 th Five-Year Plan" period is the key five years for Shenzhen to complete the pilot task of comprehensive reform, and the "Plan" has made special arrangements for the pilot task of comprehensive reform.
The reform includes the following aspects: innovating the system and mechanism of market-oriented allocation of factors, optimizing the market-oriented and rule-based international business environment, deepening the structural reform of science and technology supply side, improving the high-level open economic system, improving the people's livelihood service supply system, and improving the ecological environment and urban space governance system.
These six reform directions not only echo the above-mentioned comprehensive reform pilot implementation plan, but also Shenzhen has put forward more detailed arrangements in improving the "dual-track" model of non-competitive funding and competitive funding, and improving the multi-channel social input mechanism.
Guo Wanda, executive vice president of China (Shenzhen) Research Institute for Comprehensive Development, told 2 1 Century Business Herald that the Tenth Five-Year Plan proposals from all over the country will involve reform, but the task of possible reform in Shenzhen is heavier, not only reform, but also demonstration.
Guo Wanda also said that Shenzhen has set a series of economic development goals. How to achieve these goals? It depends on talents and innovation, and these depend on the reform of system and mechanism to further liberate productive forces and stimulate the potential of talents.
"Over the past 40 years, reform and opening up have promoted the rapid development of Shenzhen. There is still room for reform and dividends in the future. " Guo Wanda said.
The reporter of 265438+20th Century Business Herald noted that Guangdong's "14th Five-Year Plan" proposal also proposed that the province should make great efforts to promote Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area's construction and support Shenzhen's construction of a pioneering demonstration zone, deepen the high-level mutually beneficial cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, and make the "two zones" the main engines of modernization.
Yang Haibo, a postdoctoral fellow at the China Special Economic Zone Research Center of Shenzhen University, told reporters that Shenzhen should continue to practice the spirit of bold development and carry out its work innovatively, expecting special returns.
Create a new highland of science and technology industry
For Shenzhen, technological innovation will undoubtedly be a main line that runs through development for a long time. The proposal also talks about innovation goals and paths from multiple levels and angles.
Among them, during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the total social R&D investment in Shenzhen will account for about 5% of the regional GDP, and important breakthroughs have been made in tackling key core technologies, basically building a globally influential scientific, technological and industrial innovation highland.
In fact, in 2020, the proportion of social R&D investment in Shenzhen's GDP has reached 4.93%, reaching the global leading level. Among the key cities in China, this proportion is expected to be only lower than that of Beijing and Xi 'an.
In the composition of R&D investment in the whole society, Shenzhen has the characteristics of taking enterprises as the main body of innovation, especially leading enterprises have played a leading role. Take Huawei as an example. In 20 19, Huawei's R&D expenditure reached131700 million yuan.
However, for a long time, the problem of basic research, original innovation and key core technology in Shenzhen is still outstanding.
The "Proposal" proposes to lay a solid foundation for key core technologies, explore the "Shenzhen Path" for tackling key core technologies of the new national system, face the needs of frontier fields, focus on integrated circuits, artificial intelligence, biomedicine, synthetic biology, new displays, key new materials, basic software and other fields, and implement technical tackling plans for major equipment and key components.
Guo Wanda said that enterprises in Shenzhen have a special feeling about "sticking their necks". Moreover, Shenzhen has developed to the present level, and some enterprises have taken the lead in entering the "no man's land" and moving towards original innovation. Therefore, in terms of key core technologies, Shenzhen can play a greater role.
Regarding basic research, the proposal proposes that Shenzhen will take the main position as the main position, promote the construction of a comprehensive national science center in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, build Guangming Science City, Hetao Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone, Xili Lake International Science and Education City and Universiade Shenzhen-Hong Kong International Science and Education City with high standards, and accelerate the construction of major scientific and technological infrastructure such as comprehensive particle facilities, brain analysis and brain simulation facilities, and synthetic biological research facilities.
Moreover, in order to ensure the investment, Shenzhen will improve the long-term, stable and continuous investment mechanism of basic research, and ensure that the annual investment in basic research is not less than 30% of the municipal research funds.
Tang Jie, former vice mayor of Shenzhen and a professor at the School of Economics and Management of Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), recently said in public that going to basic research is a major change taking place in Shenzhen. In the future, Shenzhen will rapidly move from the traditional industrialized patent technology to the scientific process, make breakthroughs in computing technology, artificial intelligence, material technology and life sciences, and transform from an industrial center to a scientific and industrial center, which will also be Shenzhen's position in the national innovation system.
Accelerate the construction of metropolitan area
The "Proposal" puts special emphasis on speeding up the construction of metropolitan area, and proposes that the development plan of Shenzhen metropolitan area will be formulated and implemented, with Shenzhen-Guan Hui metropolitan area as the main center, Shenzhen-Shantou Special Cooperation Zone, Heyuan Metropolitan Area and Shanwei Metropolitan Area as the sub-centers, forming a development pattern with center leading, axis support and circle linkage. Cooperate with Dongguan Hui to optimize the layout of industry, infrastructure and public services in Linshen District, and build a world-class advanced manufacturing industrial cluster with global competitiveness, such as electronic information and artificial intelligence.
According to economic observers, Shenzhen will strengthen its position as a producer service center and a technological innovation center, while retaining some manufacturing industries. Guan Hui Heshan will also form new advantages in strategic emerging industries, high-tech manufacturing and advanced manufacturing.
The Plan also proposes to encrypt the construction of the transportation network in the metropolitan area, plan to build 1 1,000 km subway, 1 1,000 km light rail and intercity railway, and 1 1,000 km high expressway, so as to promote the docking and integration of national railways, intercity railways, municipal (suburban) railways and urban rails, and build them with neighboring cities.
From the experience of many international metropolitan areas, it is an effective way to relieve the functions of central cities by realizing long-distance commuting of about 45 minutes through rail transit.
In addition to rail transit, the proposal also proposes to promote ecological environment governance and the enjoyment of people's livelihood services, innovate inter-city housing cooperation mechanisms, and promote the convergence of policies such as education, medical care, old-age care and environmental protection.
Li, chief researcher of Guangdong Housing Policy Research Center, told 2 1 Century Business Herald that many Shenzhen people bought houses in Dongguan and Huizhou in the past, but this cannot be called "inter-city housing cooperation". Some people just bought a house and didn't live there. In fact, it has not really effectively alleviated the housing demand in Shenzhen. The real "inter-city housing cooperation" refers to the unified planning of different cities in terms of land use, ecological environment, transportation and people's livelihood services. Shenzhen "exports" the housing population, so that the real economy will not be greatly affected by high housing prices, and other cities in the metropolitan area will also gain room for the development of the property market.
This inevitably involves the coordination between governments, such as the construction of people's livelihood services, and the need to establish a distribution mechanism for public financial expenditures. Li believes that this is exactly what Shenzhen needs to explore and break through in the 14 th Five-Year Plan.
"In terms of urban development, Shenzhen must play a leading and exemplary role," Li said.