The 35-item list of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is as follows:
1. Photolithography machine
The accuracy of the photolithography machine that manufactures chips determines the upper limit of chip performance. At the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" scientific and technological achievements exhibition, the best photolithography machine produced in China has a processing accuracy of 90 nanometers. This is equivalent to the level of the Pentium IV CPU launched in 2004. And foreign countries have already achieved more than ten nanometers.
There are two synchronously moving workpiece stages in the lithography machine, one for carrying negatives and one for carrying film. The two need to be synchronized at all times, with an error of less than 2 nanometers. The two worktables moved from static to dynamic, with an acceleration similar to that of a missile launch. When working, it is equivalent to two large airplanes moving in tandem from takeoff to landing. A knife is stretched out from one airplane to engrave words on the rice grains of the other airplane. The engraving cannot be damaged.
2. Chips
Low-speed optical chips and electrical chips have been made domestically, but high-speed ones still all rely on imports. The mass production accuracy of the most advanced foreign chips is 10 nanometers, while in my country it is only 28 nanometers, a gap of two generations. According to reports, in many fields such as computer systems, general electronic systems, communication equipment, memory equipment, and display and video systems, the share of domestic chips in my country is 0.
3. Operating system
Ordinary people see the prosperity of China's IT industry and think that the technology gap is not big, but this is not the case. Three American companies have a monopoly on operating systems for mobile phones and personal computers. Data shows that in 2017, the market share of Android system reached 85.9, and Apple IOS’s market share was 14. Other systems only have 0.1. This 0.1 is basically Microsoft's Windows and BlackBerry in the United States.
4. Aviation engine nacelle
The cabin where the engine is placed on the aircraft, commonly known as the "house", is one of the most important core components of the aviation propulsion system, and its cost accounts for approximately the entire engine About 1/4 of.
The nacelle needs to cover the engine to reduce flight resistance; its inlet must also have anti-icing and de-icing capabilities; during flight, the engine must be protected from interference and normal operation; on the ground, it needs to be To facilitate engine maintenance and repair, once the nacelle is damaged, serious engine accidents may occur during flight.
The larger the nacelle, the higher the technical difficulty. Our country is still blank in this important field. After consulting all public information, our country does not yet have a specialized institution to independently develop nacelles, and relevant colleges and universities do not seem to have set up relevant disciplines.