What is the measure of food safety?

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people pay more and more attention to food safety. As the national quality supervision, inspection and quarantine department, it is our unshirkable responsibility to build a food safety guarantee system, and the food safety testing standard sample is an important link to ensure the smooth implementation of this system. Because the standard sample is a material standard with high uniformity, good stability and accurate measurement, it ensures the consistency of text standards in different time and space. In business communication and trade, standard samples are also the basis for confirming, testing and evaluating the quality of goods and solving arbitration disputes. I. Function and Significance of Standard Samples for Food Safety Testing Food is the sample basis for human survival and social development. Food safety is a major strategic issue related to people's health and building a harmonious society, and it is also the focus of global attention. With the enhancement of China's comprehensive national strength, the people's living standard has changed from "ample food and clothing" to "well-off", and the quantity and variety of food are increasingly abundant. People's demand for food has changed from "eat well" to "safety and health", and food safety awareness is also constantly improving. However, the current situation of "hundreds of millions of farmers are producing food" in China, especially the production of new technologies, new processes and new resource foods, as well as the acceleration of intensive and industrialized production, lead to more and more kinds and wider ranges of harmful samples in food. In recent years, frequent food poisoning incidents have aroused great concern from the majority of state leaders, people's representatives at all levels, CPPCC members and people from all walks of life, including ordinary consumers, and expressed deep concern. Food safety is a big concept, and people usually classify the following contents as the scope of food safety inspection: agricultural and veterinary drug residues, food microorganisms, biotoxins, food additives, animal and plant diseases, genetic modification, animal-derived component identification, heavy metals, radioactive residues and so on. The residue of agricultural and veterinary drugs in agriculture and food has always been a key food safety issue monitored by all countries in the world, and it is also a large amount of daily inspection work in food safety testing laboratories. Pathogenic microorganisms in food are the primary problem of "food poisoning". Biotoxins such as shellfish toxins and aflatoxins are also key issues that have been plaguing China's foreign trade. Food safety detection technology has become an indispensable part of food safety guarantee. With China's entry into WTO and the acceleration of global market integration, technical barriers have become the main means in trade. Therefore, it is bound to put forward higher requirements for food safety testing technology, and more accurate, scientific and authoritative testing data must be provided in testing technology to deal with possible technical disputes. Over the years, in terms of testing methods and standards, most testing departments in China have adopted or are equivalent to international advanced standards, and the advanced nature of the methods is beyond doubt. However, in terms of standard samples, there are some loopholes due to the misunderstanding of testers and the lack of standard samples. Therefore, the standard samples for food safety testing are particularly necessary and urgent, and have broad application prospects. Second, the development of standard samples for food safety testing at home and abroad According to the classification method of standard samples in China, standard samples for food safety testing do not clearly belong to a certain classification, but are included in standard sample categories such as chemical product composition analysis (mainly pesticide standard samples), geological mineral composition analysis, environmental chemical analysis, clinical chemical analysis, drug composition analysis and food composition analysis. Although great achievements have been made in the development of food safety testing standard samples in China, there is still a big gap compared with the rapid development of food safety testing technology and the development level of international food safety testing standard samples. The specific performance is: 1 There are few varieties, which cannot meet the demand. Although China has published 120 kinds of standard samples related to food safety testing, it only accounts for about 6% of the total number of standard samples. Compared with NIST in the United States, the number of standard samples for food safety testing in China is not only small, but also the concentration range is narrow, which is far from meeting the needs of the current development of food safety testing technology. 2. The development of all kinds of food safety testing standard samples in China is unbalanced. Taking standard samples as an example, there are more than 70 kinds of standard samples for food safety testing, of which pesticides account for about 12% and geological minerals account for about 7%; Environmental chemical analysis accounts for about 25%; Clinical chemical analysis and drug composition analysis account for about 50%; Food composition analysis accounts for about 6%. Compared with the relatively balanced development of various food safety testing technologies, the development of food safety testing standard samples is extremely uneven, and the proportion of food component analysis standard samples in all food safety testing standard samples is obviously low; However, food microorganisms, transgenic species, animal-derived classification and so on are all blank. 3. The fixed values are mostly in units, which is inconvenient to use. In the existing food safety testing standard samples, there are pure products, as well as matrix testing standard samples and solutions. There are many single-component standard samples, especially some successfully developed in the early stage, which are mostly fixed macro elements and target elements, such As Pb, Cd and As. In this way, when analyzing multi-component samples, such as using single-component standard samples for compound pesticides, the analysis results cannot be obtained by one measurement, and it is often necessary to repeat the measurement, which not only affects the analysis speed, but also easily introduces errors due to the change of analysis conditions. 4. The development of food safety testing standard samples is influenced by its own characteristics. Generally speaking, the standard samples of food safety testing are unstable, easy to be damp and moldy, and have high technical requirements for preparation, packaging and preservation. Except irradiation sterilization during preparation, most of them need to be refrigerated at low temperature during storage, such as-18℃ for pig liver and -20℃ for lead and cadmium in bovine serum and whole blood. Although the technology of cryopreservation in China has been continuously improved, it still cannot meet the requirements of NIST in the United States for the preservation of bovine liver in liquid nitrogen. 5. High price affects widespread use. At present, the development and wide use of food safety testing standard samples are greatly affected by the high cost of development and storage, the lack of suppliers and the high price. For example, the standard sample of genetically modified soybean powder in the European Union is sold at a price of 1 100 yuan/1 g (minimum package) in China, and a series (5 content grades) must be purchased at the same time, rather than separately. At present, the standard samples of pesticide residue detection used by testing institutions at all levels in China are mostly imported pure products with different purities, and there is basically no assignment. Although there are some designated standard samples abroad, the prices are relatively expensive, which is not convenient for popularization and application. Although China has developed many standard samples for food safety analysis for many years, there is still a big gap. Three. Construction and future development prospect of food safety testing standard sample system In 2000, we fully realized the deficiency and importance of food safety testing standard samples. In order to fill the gap in the future development of this field and contribute to the development of food safety testing standard samples, the inspection and quarantine system has done a lot of related research work. Taking Liaoning Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau as an example, in just four years from 200/KLOC-0 to 2005, it has successfully organized and undertaken seven international inter-laboratory competence verification projects in the field of APLAC food safety. For example: APLACT030 International Laboratory Food Microbiology, APLACT034 International Laboratory Genetically Modified Products Detection, APLACT035 International Laboratory Food Additives, APLAcT036 International Laboratory Veterinary Drug Residue Detection, APLACT046 International Laboratory Food Microbiology, APLACT030 At the same time, some CNAL capacity verification projects were organized. The research contents include the preparation of food safety testing samples, the test and evaluation of sample uniformity and stability, the evaluation of sample fixed value and uncertainty. China's standard samples are still the weak link in the field of food safety, but Liaoning Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau has been studying the key technologies of sample preparation in the field of food safety for more than four years, especially in the fields of food microorganisms, genetically modified products, food additives, agricultural and veterinary drug residues and so on. , and has applied for six national invention patents of key sample preparation technology, laying a solid foundation for the development of food safety testing standard samples. With the rapid development of production and the continuous improvement of industrial automation, the use of standard samples is increasingly showing its scientific and economic importance, and standard samples are in the stage of increasing demand and rapidly increasing varieties. Therefore, we should further improve and establish the development of complete food safety standard samples in China. We can construct the standard sample system of food safety testing from the following aspects: 1. Meet the requirements of food safety and public health, organize the research of food safety testing standard samples in time, provide standard samples, and ensure the continuous and effective development of food safety testing standard samples. 2. Advocate international standardized quality control and development methods, connect with international standards, and make China's food safety testing standard samples go international as soon as possible. 3 improve the ability to predict sudden food safety and quality incidents, and establish a research and development base for new fields, new products or emergency standard samples of sudden food safety incidents. 4. Promote scientific management policy and talent team building. 5. Focus on food microbiology, transgenic field, agricultural and veterinary drug residues, food additives, biotoxins (especially marine biotoxins), animal and plant diseases and other vacant and scarce fields at home and abroad, and gradually expand to all fields of food safety. The particularity of food safety field and the importance of standard samples in food safety testing make the standard samples for food safety testing have special significance, which will play a great role in ensuring food safety, solving trade disputes and promoting economic development. In the next five years, 10 or even 15 will be 15 for China to build a well-off society in an all-round way, and it will also be 15 for China's per capita GDP to increase from 1000 US dollars to 3000 US dollars. Today, human beings have entered the 2 1 century, and the food processing technology has entered a brand-new development stage from the traditional small workshop. The development of food safety testing standard samples promotes the development of food safety analysis technology, which in turn creates a good opportunity and environment for the development of food safety testing standard samples.