2010 Jiangsu Biology Competition Preliminary Test Questions
1. Multiple-choice questions (choose one from four, one point for each question, ***60 points. Fill in the English of the correct option in the brackets at the end of the question Letter number)
1. Which of the following statements is correct:
A. Articular cartilage can make bones grow longer B. Blood cells increase after blood flows through the bone
C. It is the bone that heals the bone after a fracture D. The dislocation of the joint head from the joint cavity is called dislocation
2. When swallowing food while crying, food easily falls into the trachea. The reasons are:
A. Airflow impact, laryngeal cavity expansion B. Airflow impact, glottis split widely
C. The uvula has no time to cover the entrance of the larynx D. The epiglottis cartilage does not cover the mouth of the larynx
3. The alveoli of asthma patients are in a state of expansion for a long time, which makes breathing difficult and affects the breathing process
A. Ventilation of the lungs B. Gas exchange between alveoli and blood
C. Transport of gases in the blood D. Gas exchange between blood in capillaries in tissues and tissue cells
4. According to the direction of blood flow, the blood inlets of the right atrium and the blood outlets of the left ventricle are respectively:
A. 3 and 1 B. 1 and 1 C． 2 and 1 D. 4 and 1
5. The organs in adults that can produce formed components in the blood are: 1. Spleen 2. Tonsils 3. Red bone marrow 4. Liver 5. Lymph nodes 6. Periosteum
A. ①②③④ B. ②③④⑤ C. ①②③⑥ D. ①②③⑤
6． The balance organs that affect motion sickness and seasickness are:
A. In the brain b. In the cerebellum C. In the brainstem D. In the ears
7. Healthy people produce 150 liters of original urine every day, but only produce about 1.5 liters of urine every day. This is because:
A. Glomerular filtration b. Renal tubular reabsorption C. The function of sweat glands in excreting sweat D. The function of the bladder in preserving urine
8. Tetanus bacilli exist in soil and often parasitize in the intestines of normal people, but they do not cause disease. When a deep and narrow wound is infected with Tetanus bacilli, once the necrotic tissue in the wound increases, Tetanus bacilli will multiply in large numbers, and in severe cases, it can cause death.
The metabolism of this tetanus bacillus is:
A. Autotrophic aerobic type B. Autotrophic anaerobic type C. Heterotrophic aerobic type D. Heterotrophic anaerobic type
9. Which of the following phenomena belongs to specific immunity:
A. Lysozyme in tears can kill Chlamydia trachomatis B. Phagocytes in lymph nodes phagocytose streptococci that invade the human body
C. The hydrochloric acid in gastric juice can kill some bacteria that enter the stomach D. Smallpox antibodies in the body can protect against smallpox virus
10. Regarding the application of hormones in production, the following statements are incorrect:
A. Spraying juvenile hormone can increase the silk production of silkworms B. Synthetic sex attractants can trap pests
C. Polyploid plants can be obtained by spraying auxin on plant seedlings D. High concentrations of auxin can be used as herbicides
11. When an aphid is attacked by a seven-spotted ladybug, it will release a chemical substance that tells other aphids not to come. This chemical substance belongs to:
A. Sexual pheromones B. Sex hormones C. Pheromones D. Gonadotropins
12. There is a strange and beautiful lyrebird in eastern Australia. They mostly breed in winter, which can prevent snakes from stealing their chicks. This is:
A. The result of genetic variation B. Constrained by abiotic factors C. Relativity of adaptation D. An adaptability
13. If lungfish encounters drought in the summer, they often hide in the mud for aestivation and do not "resurrect" until the rainy season. The incorrect explanation for this phenomenon is:
A. Adaptation to adverse environments B. The result of long-term natural selection C. The result of directional mutation D. The struggle for survival against natural conditions
14. The signs of the emergence of primitive life are:
A. There is protein B. With nucleic acid molecules C. There are primitive material exchange activities D. Has primitive metabolism and can reproduce
15. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes. In the past, they were regarded as a type of plant because they have:
A. Nucleic acid B. Sugar C. protein d. Photosynthetic pigments
16. The Five Definitions theory shows the three major stages of biological evolution in terms of biological development history.
These three stages are:
A. Single cell→population→multicell
B. Prokaryotic cell stage → eukaryotic cell stage → multicellular stage
C. Prokaryotic cell stage → eukaryotic cell stage → eukaryotic multicellular stage
D. Prokaryotic cell stage → eukaryotic single cell stage → eukaryotic multicellular stage
17. Distributed in various systems of the human body are:
①Capillaries ②Tactile receptors ③Nerve endings ④Skeleton ⑤Lymphatic capillaries
A. ① and ③ B． ①③ and ⑤ C． ②③ and ④ D． ①③ and ④
18． After someone eats starch, he finds that hepatic glycogen increases. The glands and organs that contribute to this are:
A. Intestinal glands, pancreas, liver B. Intestinal glands, pancreas, salivary glands C. Pancreas and intestinal glands D. Salivary glands, intestinal glands, pancreas, liver
19. Among the following groups of corresponding people, the group with the same other conditions but different basal metabolism is:
A. Men and women B. People before and after strenuous exercise
C. People with dark skin and people with light skin D. People who do heavy physical work and people who do mental work
20. In the human body, which of the following blood vessels carries hypoxic blood with the least urea:
A. Umbilical vein B. Renal vein C. Pulmonary veins D. Inferior vena cava
21. In the neural structure that completes the knee jerk reflex, the cell body of the afferent neuron is located at:
A. Center B. Nervous center C. Spinal ganglion D. Posterior horn of spinal cord gray matter
22. The anti-influenza vaccine needs to be replaced with a new one every few years because the influenza virus has developed a high degree of resistance to the old vaccine. This resistance can be explained by which of the following:
A. Acquired resistance to viruses B. The process of natural selection C. Some structural changes of the virus D. Variation in the reproductive process
23. A complete leaf is generally composed of which of the following:
A. Veins, leaves, stipules B. Leaves, petioles, stipules C. Leaf veins, blades, petioles D. Leaves, mesophyll, veins
24. When the sunlight moves, the lizard can extend part of its ribs to ensure that the body is at right angles to the sun. This characteristic and significance are:
A. Stress, reduce light, lower body temperature B. Adaptability, reducing light, lowering body temperature
C. Adaptability, increase light, increase body temperature D. Stress, increase light, increase body temperature
25. The essence of rational fertilization is to improve the utilization rate of light energy.
The following descriptions are closely related to improving photosynthesis efficiency:
① Nitrogen increases the leaf area and increases the photosynthetic area ② Nitrogen is an essential element for photosynthetic product protein ③ Phosphorus is a component of NADP+ and ATP Components that can improve photosynthetic capacity ④Potassium promotes the transportation of photosynthetic products
A. ①② B． ②④ C. ②③④ D. ①③④
26. The structure of cells and the material basis of life activities, the basis of growth, development and reproduction of organisms are in order:
A. Protein; metabolism B. Various compounds that make up cells; cell division
C. Protein; mitosis D. Protoplasm; nucleic acid
27. When a man with hereditary fistula marries a normal woman, if a girl is born, it is 100% likely to be sick; if a boy is born, it is 100% normal. The inheritance mode of this hereditary disease is:
A. Autosomal recessive inheritance B. X chromosome recessive inheritance C. Autosomal dominant inheritance D. X chromosome dominant inheritance
28. Which substance does the hydrogen produced during photosynthesis and aerobic respiration react with:
A. Oxygen, carbon dioxide B. Carbon dioxide, oxygen C. Oxygen, oxygen D. Three-carbon compounds, oxygen
29. Farmers often till and loosen the soil for crops. Its functions are: 1. Facilitate the respiration of root cells 2. Reduce the resistance to root growth 3. Promote the absorption of mineral elements by the roots 4. Promote the absorption of water by the roots
A. ①② B． ①③ C. ②③ D. ②④
30. People have done the following three experiments:
① Feed dogs with fat meat for a period of time, and the blood sugar levels in their bodies are basically stable ② Feed Peking ducks with cereal food, which can quickly grow fat ③ Feed sick dogs with protein Dogs and normal dogs, it was found that the urine of sick dogs contained glucose
31. Xinjiang watermelon is sweeter than southern watermelon. The main reasons are:
① Long sunshine time ② Small temperature difference between day and night ③ Short sunshine time ④ Large temperature difference between day and night
A. ①② B. ①④C. ②③ D. ③④
32． In the development of corn embryo and endosperm, when most free endosperm nuclei are formed in the embryo sac, the fertilized egg:
A. Develop into embryo B. Develop into a globular embryonic body C. In dormant state D. Develop into apical cells and basal cells
33. The following is a description of the metabolic process of the human body. The correct ones are:
① All nutrients must be digested before they can be absorbed ② Nutrients must pass through the internal environment before they can be obtained by the cells of the body ③ Nutrients are directly absorbed to the blood circulation system ④The metabolic end products of the three major organic compounds include water and carbon dioxide
A. ①② B. ③④ C. ②③ D. ②④
34． Among the following items, the ones that are not directly related to hormone regulation in higher animals are:
A. Male deer will grow developed antlers after reaching a certain age B. Castration of pigs, sheep and other livestock is beneficial to fattening
C. When two roosters fight, their feathers stand up D. Injecting carp pituitary gland extract into herring can promote herring ovary maturation
35. The picture below is a set of images of cell division in the same animal. Which of the following statements is correct:
A. The only cells with homologous chromosomes are ② and ③
B. ③There is no genetic recombination in the cells shown
C. It is impossible for the above cells to appear in animal testicles at the same time
D. The cells with 8 chromatids are ①②③
36. Which of the following statements about cell structure and function is correct:
A. Compared with cardiac muscle, salivary gland cells have a larger number of mitochondria
B. Compared with sweat glands, salivary gland cells have a larger number of ribosomes
C. Compared with senescent cells, cells with vigorous life activities have underdeveloped endoplasmic reticulum
D. The number of Golgi apparatus in mesophyll cells is generally greater than that in salivary gland cells
37. Read the following experiments on hormones and answer the following questions:
The thyroid gland of the mouse was removed and tested 10 days later. Compared with the mouse whose thyroid gland was not removed, the substance metabolism was lower and thyroid hormone could not be detected in the blood. , after removal of the
Injection of solvent-dissolved thyroid began on the fifth day for five consecutive days, and the hypometabolism disappeared after ten days. It is inferred that thyroxine increases the metabolic rate of substances. In order to prove the above inference, several controlled experiments are needed for comparative observation. Which experiment is the most necessary:
A. Control without removing thyroid gland and without injecting thyroxine
B. Starting from the fifth day after removal, only the dissolving agent for the aforementioned experiment was injected
C. Inject thyroxine and transplant the thyroid on the fifth day after thyroidectomy
D. Starting from the postoperative period, the thyroid gland dissolved with a dissolving agent different from the above experiment was injected
38. Use a tetraploid watermelon plant as the female parent and a diploid watermelon plant as the male parent for hybridization:
A. Can produce tetraploid seeds on tetraploid plants B. Triploid seedless watermelons were bred
C. Can produce triploid seeds on diploid plants D. Can produce triploid seeds on tetraploid plants
39. Cordyceps sinensis is a valuable Chinese medicinal material. When Cordyceps larvae overwinter in the soil, fungi of the genus Cordyceps invade the body. The mycelium gradually fills the insect body and turns into sclerotia, causing the internal tissue of the insect body to be destroyed, leaving only the outer skin. In summer, the sclerotia germinate and form from the mouth or head of the larvae. It has a handle-shaped base, so it looks like an upright grass.
The relationship between this fungus and larvae belongs to:
A. Prey b. competition c. *** student D. Parasitism
40. In the energy pyramid, if the producer consumes 120 moles of CO2 gas for photosynthesis, and all the oxygen accumulated in this process is used by the primary consumer to decompose glucose, how many kilojoules of energy can be released and stored in ATP at most? Third level consumer capture:
A. 2296KJ B. 1004KJ C. 459．2KJ D． 200．8KJ
41． A woman with normal color vision (both her parents are homozygotes) marries a color-blind man. The probabilities of their son and daughter being color-blind are:
A. 50% and 0% B. 50% and 100% C. 25% and 75% D. 0% and 0%
42. What factors influence the vertical distribution of alpine plants and the vertical distribution of marine algae respectively:
A. Temperature and light B. All affected by CO2 concentration C. Altitude and seawater depth D. All affected by light
43. During the mitosis phase of lower plant cells, the organelles involved in division activities are:
① Ribosomes ② Centrosomes ③ Chloroplasts ④ Golgi apparatus
A. ②B. ③C. ①③ D. ②④
44． The hedgehog's back is covered with hard thorns. When it encounters an enemy, it curls up into a ball and erects the hard thorns to protect itself. However, sometimes it is thrown into the air by the fox and is eaten when it lands on the ground and stretches its body. This example Explained:
A. Adaptive diversity B. Relativity of adaptation C. Universality of adaptation D. The directionality of natural selection
45. Which of the following statements is correct:
A. The formation of a multimolecular system from organic polymer substances is the most complex and decisive stage in the origin of life
B. Heredity and variation are the driving forces of biological evolution, and the struggle for survival is the intrinsic factor of biological evolution
C. The fur color of mice living in the snow is white. This is the adaptation of organisms to the environment and the result of long-term natural selection
D. The existence of homologous organs proves that all organisms with homologous organs have evolved from aquatic organisms
46. To conduct DNA replication experiments in vitro, add relevant enzymes, four deoxynucleotides and ATP to the test tube and incubate it at 37°C. Which of the following statements is correct:
A. Can generate DNA , the base ratio of DNA is uncertain and has a certain relationship with the source of the enzyme
B. DNA is not generated due to lack of DNA template
C. DNA is not generated because the experiment lacks suitable in vivo conditions for enzyme catalysis
D. There are four types of deoxynucleotides that can produce DNA
47. The main basis for predicting the population change trend of a country or region is:
A. Population density b. Birth and death rates C. Age composition D. Male to female sex ratio
48. The diagram showing the relationship between species I and species II as predator and prey is:
49. Compared with natural forests, artificial forests are more susceptible to pests and diseases. From an ecological perspective, this is because: 1. The nutritional structure of natural forests is complex, while the nutritional structure of artificial forests is simple. 2. Natural forests have sufficient rainfall, which limits Development of insects ③ The climate of artificial forests is suitable, which is conducive to the reproduction of insects ④ The degree of biological diversity of artificial forests is low and the ability of automatic adjustment is small
A. ①② B． ③④ C. ②③ D． ①④
50. A fragment of the DNA molecule in a mouse cell contains 78 base pairs. The maximum number of amino acids contained in the polypeptide chain fragment determined by it is:
A. 18 B. 22 c. 26 D. 30
51． In the following ecosystems, insects are most likely to develop alert color adaptations in the long-term evolutionary process:
A. Grassland, non-venomous snakes, insect-eating birds B. Dead leaves, nonvenomous snakes and grain-eating birds
C. Grassland, poisonous insects and insectivorous birds D. Dead leaves, poisonous insects and grain-eating birds
52. If a couple has one child who is normal and one who is color blind, and the daughter has the same phenotype as the father, and the son has the same phenotype as the mother, then the genotypes of the mother, son, father, and daughter are in order:
①bb ; ②XBXB; ③Bb; ④XBXb; ⑤BB; ⑥XbXb; ⑦XBY; ⑧XbY
A. ⑥⑧⑦④ B. ④⑦⑧⑥ C. ②⑧⑦④ D. ③④⑤①
53. The picture below is a pedigree of a certain family with alkaptonuria. It is known that the genes that control this pair of traits are A and a, then:
① It is estimated that III6 is an affected boy ② If III6 is an affected boy , Ⅱ4 and Ⅱ5 will give birth to Ⅲ7, and Ⅲ is expected to be the probability of an affected boy
A. ① 1/3, ② 1/2 B. ① 1/4, ②1/6 C. ① 1/6, ② 1/6 D. ① 1/6, ② 1/4
54． Which of the following statements about Grade A green food is incorrect:
A. Products must use the green food label B. Food must not be contaminated during packaging
C. Pesticides, veterinary drugs, chemical fertilizers, etc. cannot be used D. Farmland water quality must meet the standards of green food and ecological environment
55. You estimate when the oxygen concentration in a lake is highest (day or night) and in what type of water (polluted or unpolluted). The correct option is:
A. Daytime, polluted B. Daytime, unpolluted C. night, polluted D. Nighttime, unpolluted
56. For a locust living in a field, its environment refers to:
A. Plants and animals such as snakes and frogs in the field B. Sunlight, air, moisture, temperature, soil and other abiotic factors
C. The sum of A and B D. The sum of A and B plus other locusts in the field
57. The most basic characteristics that distinguish humans from animals are:
A. Language b. Walking upright C. labor d. Self-awareness
58. A certain number of individuals are randomly selected from a population. Among them, individuals with genotype AA account for 18%, individuals with genotype Aa account for 78%, and individuals with genotype aa account for 4%. The frequencies of genes A and a are respectively:
A. 36%, 64% B. 92%, 8% C. 18%, 82% D. 57%, 43%
59. The base composition of a nucleic acid molecule extracted from an organism is 58% purine bases and 42% pyrimidine bases. This organism may be:
A. Wheat b. Bacteriophage C. any living thing d. Tobacco mosaic virus
60. Which of the following is inconsistent with trisomy 21:
A. Slow physical development b. Mental retardation c. A chromosomal disease D. 20% are accompanied by congenital heart disease
2. True or false questions (write the answer in the brackets at the end of the question, correct answer is "√", wrong answer is "×". 1 point is given for correct answer, wrong answer 1 point will be deducted for the answer. The minimum score for this question is 0 points)
1. Spiders are animals of the class Insecta.
2． Red bone marrow not only produces various blood cells, but is also the home of hematopoietic stem cells, the primitive cells that produce various blood cells.
3. The ectoderm of the hydra carries out extracellular digestion, and the endoderm carries out intracellular digestion.
4. What people usually refer to as respiration refers to aerobic respiration.
5. Bats and dolphins are both mammals with the ability to echolocate.
6． Acromegaly in humans is mainly caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone in childhood.
7. Studying the relationship between man and the biosphere is used to solve the ecological balance problem of nature.
8. The unified whole formed by organisms and the environment is an ecosystem.
9. Transpiration by plants is one aspect of their impact on the environment.
10． Earthworms live in the soil and can obtain the nutrients they need from the surrounding environment; their activities can make the soil loose and fertile. The above said that living things can adapt to the environment and can also affect the environment.
11. Nitrifying bacteria are decomposers.
12. Eutrophication means that there are too many elements necessary for plants such as N and P in the water body, causing algae and other plankton to multiply, causing fish and shrimp to grow and reproduce in large quantities due to rich nutritional sources.
13. If the generation of a family is as follows: the father is sick, all sons are sick, and all daughters are normal, and the patient only appears in males, it may be a Y-chromosome-linked genetic disease.
14. There are always certain differences between parents and offspring of organisms that reproduce sexually and between offspring. The main reason is that there are always certain differences in the living conditions between them. difference.
15. The addition of a base to a DNA molecule is a genetic mutation.
16. Monogamous species in nature develop from unfertilized egg cells.
17. Gene mutation is the main source of biological variation and the only factor in the evolution of organisms in their natural state.
18. Biological individuals of the same genotype can have the same phenotype or different phenotypes.
3. Short answer questions (***22 points)
1. The results of someone's urine test are: protein (-), red blood cells (-), white blood cells (-), and urine sugar (+++).
Question: What are the lesions in his kidneys?
Test analysis: The cause of the disease is: ; Effective treatment can be used.
2． A holosporobacter can avoid digestion and live within the large nucleus of the paramecium if ingested into the cytoplasm of a dimicronucleated Paramecium. Paramecium dimicronucleus provides various conditions for the growth and reproduction of Holospora spirospira; while Paramecium dimicronucleus produces biological purine and folic acid to meet the growth and division needs of Paramecium dimicronucleus. What are the characteristics of the relationship between them? . Biologically called .
3. There is a woodpecker in Africa that feeds on blood-sucking insects that live on the backs of rhinos. Try to analyze the relationship between three animals: .
4. A male patient with hemophilia (XhY) marries a healthy foreign female (there is no hemophilia patient in the female family). Then all their boys should be, all their girls should be, and it would be the case for their daughters to grow up and marry normal male youths, grandsons and granddaughters.
5. The male mandarin duck has beautiful and bright feathers. Someone put a drug into the feed. After a week, the male mandarin duck lost its bright color and its song changed. The effect of this drug is to make it lose.
6. A spermatogonia of genotype AaBb divides into numbers (in compliance with the law of free assemblage). Xiao Li said that only two types of sperm can be formed, and Xiao Zhao said that four types of sperm can be formed. Which statement is correct?
7. American scientists used genetic engineering methods to create a "superbug" that can consume 60% of the hydrocarbons in petroleum. This hydrocarbon-eating artificial bacteria is a (referring to metabolic type) organism. They oxidize and decompose hydrocarbons and use them to synthesize their own organic matter, which is called in biology.
8． When the brewery uses distiller's yeast to ferment to produce liquor, when the microorganisms in the distiller's yeast multiply to a certain number, the culture material must be tightly packed and tightly covered with plastic film, and then after a certain period of time, liquor can be produced.
① The purpose of keeping the culture material loose at the beginning of fermentation is to . In the future, the purpose of patting the culture material tightly and covering it with plastic film is, the reaction formula is.
②If it is not compacted and tightly covered, it will cause damage.
Reference answers
1. Multiple choice questions (1 point for each question, totaling 60 points)
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. D 10.C 11. C 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. D 16. D 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. B 21. C 22. B 23. B 24. D 25. C 26． B 27. D 28． D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. C 33． D 34. C 35. B 36. B 37. B 38. D 39. D 40. A 41. D 42. D 43. D 44. B 45. C 46． B 47. C 48． A 49. D 50. C 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. B 56. D 57. D 58. D 59. C 60. D
2. True or false questions (1 point for each question, 1 point deducted for wrong answer, totaling 18 points. The minimum score for this big question is 0 points)
1. × 2. √ 3． × 4. √ 5. √ 6． × 7. ×
8． √ 9. √ 10． √ 11． × 12. × 13. √ 14. ×
15. √ 16． √ 17. × 18. √
3. Short answer questions (***2 points)
1. (3 points) No pathological changes: low insulin secretion, high blood sugar, a large amount of sugar filtered into the original urine, but cannot be reabsorbed
and finally excreted from the final urine for injection of insulin
2. (2 points) *** Living together is beneficial to each other, and we can live together even if we are separated *** Habitat
3. (3 points) The relationship between woodpeckers and blood-sucking insects is a predatory relationship; the relationship between blood-sucking insects and rhinos is a parasitic relationship; the relationship between woodpeckers
and rhinoceroses is an interspecific mutual assistance relationship
4. (4 points) A grandchild of a normal hemophilia gene carrier has a 1/2 chance of being a hemophilia patient and a 1/2 chance of being normal; a granddaughter of a normal hemophilia gene carrier has a 1/2 chance of being a hemophilia gene carrier and a 1/2 chance of being completely normal< /p>
5． (2 points) Inhibiting the secretion of male hormones and male secondary sexual characteristics
6. (1 point) Xiao Li is right
7. (3 points) Autotrophy, energy released, chemosynthesis
8. (4 points) ① Ventilation accelerates the reproduction of microorganisms and reduces oxygen, allowing microorganisms to perform anaerobic respiration to produce alcohol
② Excessive reproduction of microorganisms will completely decompose the sugars in the culture material and reduce the production of liquor