And can restore the natural flavor of crops.
Since 1950s, the fertilization of crops mainly depends on chemical fertilizers. The emergence of chemical fertilizer doubled the crop yield and made great contributions to solving the problem of food and clothing. However, the side effects of chemical fertilizers are becoming more and more obvious. Melons with chemical fertilizers are not fragrant, fruits are not sweet, and vegetables are tasteless. Moreover, chemical fertilizers are expensive, costly and expensive. In particular, long-term application of chemical fertilizers will cause serious damage to soil structure, and now soil hardening has become a serious problem. Experts call for a large number of earthworm breeding, reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer, fundamentally improving the soil and ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture.
Earthworms have made great achievements in agriculture. Earthworms move underground day and night, which makes the soil loose and soft, and water and air can penetrate into the soil more, which is beneficial to crop growth. Earthworms swallow a lot of rotten organic matter and soil every day, forming feces to be excreted. Earthworm manure is an odorless, non-toxic, clean, hygienic and pollution-free fertilizer with complete nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents. It can not only improve the soil, but also make melons more fragrant, fruits sweeter and vegetables fresher. Wang Dayuan, a farmer in Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province, once raised earthworms to feed ducks in vegetable fields. Therefore, the yield and quality of vegetables are higher in areas where earthworms are raised.
Earthworm breeding has the advantages of small investment, quick effect and sufficient raw materials. Urban garbage contains a large number of organic substances such as melon skin, fruit shell, vegetable leaves and tree roots; A large amount of feces from livestock farms in rural areas; A large number of straws and weeds left over from farmland are good food for earthworms. People concerned have done a calculation: 654.38 billion earthworms can swallow 400 tons of food a day. If 65.438+million tons of garbage contains 5,000 tons of earthworm edible organic matter, 65.438+000 billion earthworms will be swallowed in more than 65.438+000 days, and about 4,000 tons of earthworm feces will be produced, with an output value of 654.38+000 yuan per ton. Especially in rural areas, dry land, paddy fields, orchards, vegetable gardens, front and back houses and roadside ditches are full of earthworms. Earthworms exist as long as there are soil and plants. As long as you don't apply a lot of pesticides and fertilizers, don't soak in water for a long time, and don't kill people, the earthworm won't die by itself. It will always loosen the soil and fertilize you. Therefore, people of insight call on people to protect the autumn shade like frogs, so that it can flourish and benefit mankind.
With the in-depth study of relevant experts and the increase of practical experience in production, earthworm breeding will surely bring a new agricultural green revolution.
Chinese name: earthworm, Latin scientific name: earthworm. Commonly known as earthworm, Qu Xiang, the scientific name of traditional Chinese medicine: earthworm. Earthworms are a common terrestrial annelids, which live in the soil, come out at night, feed on decaying organic matter and swallow it with the soil. It also eats fragments such as stems and leaves of plants. Earthworms can loosen soil, improve soil, improve fertility and promote agricultural production. There are more than 2,500 species of earthworms in the world, and there are 229 recorded species in China. There are many species of Pheretima, and there are more than 2,000 species in China. Earthworms have special circulatory system, digestive system and reproductive system. Earthworms have many special medicinal values, so there is a certain market potential for raising earthworms.
Earthworms are soft and juicy mollusks, and the content of protein is as high as 70%. Earthworms like to eat saprophytic organic waste and become high-quality bio-organic fertilizer. Through the digestive system of earthworm, organic wastes are transformed into active substances that are easy to be utilized by themselves or other organisms under the action of protease, lipolytic enzyme, cellulase and amylase in earthworm intestine, and earthworm proteins and amino acids are produced at the same time, which will not cause secondary pollution to the environment. Earthworms contain a variety of amino acids, enzymes and active substances, which have good economic and medicinal value.
Earthworms (Orfresh Waterringed Worm) belong to oligochaeta of Annelida, which can be divided into terrestrial and aquatic types. Most species belong to terrestrial earthworms, which are large in size and mainly distributed in the soil surface; Aquatic earthworms, commonly known as "red worms", are mainly distributed in various fresh water areas, generally small in size and feed on organic matter in water; There are also very few oligochaeta animals that are marine creatures. Annexures, as the name implies, are annular segmented bodies. Generally speaking, earthworms have more than 80 knots. From the appearance, the mature earthworm has segments near the head besides slicing, and the segments will be combined into bands. Take earthworms as an example. There is a female hole in the ring belt, which is where earthworms excrete eggs. There are two male holes at the back of the girdle, which are the places where earthworms excrete sperm; There is often a mastoid around the male hole, which is called mastoid. Male foramen and mastoid are important basis for distinguishing earthworm species. However, most earthworms can't be identified by appearance, so they need to be dissected, and their species can be identified by the number, size, shape and location of their internal structures such as seminal vesicle, prostate and intestinal caecum.
Earthworms are hermaphroditic and hybrid. It feeds on organic matter in soil and tender stems and leaves of plants, and the soil discharged after eating a lot of soil is called manure, which often accumulates in holes or caves on the surface; When there are a large number of earthworms and frequent activities, the soil becomes loose due to digging, which is beneficial to plant growth. Earthworms are also an important food source for some mammals (such as weasels and badgers), birds (such as chickens and ducks), frogs, snakes (such as green snakes) or fish, shrimp and crabs. All of the above shows the irreplaceable role and importance of earthworms in the ecological environment. The deep development and application of earthworm in environmental protection, feed, fertilizer, medicine, health care products and cosmetics.
(1) medicinal use: earthworm is used to extract new anticancer drugs for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, as well as earthworm syrup, earthworm wine, earthworm bone-setting pills, etc.
(2) Protein feed: Earthworms contain protein (about 70% of dry products), which is a protein feed for livestock and poultry, and can be used to feed chickens, ducks, bullfrogs, soft-shelled turtles and rare birds, so as to develop livestock and aquatic products in China.
(3) Turning municipal solid waste into fertilizer, all countries in the world are developing and utilizing earthworms to treat municipal solid waste to solve the problem of environmental pollution.
(4) Soil improvement: Earthworm manure is a kind of high-quality fertilizer, which can be used to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil. The field where earthworms are cultivated can become a high-yield farmland after three years.
(5) Utilization of earthworm manure: It is a high-quality organic fertilizer, and it is the first choice for landscaping, lawn flowers and the production of green pollution-free vegetables and food.
(6) Extraction of SOD: Scientists and technicians use earthworms instead of pig blood to produce SOD. Haidian Agricultural College cooperated with Agricultural University to produce SOD special buds and SOD rice, which was welcomed by the public and was a healthy food.
Beijing experts and foreign scientific and technological experts * * * conducted a field study on the topic of "using earthworms to treat domestic sludge". By collecting soil samples of domestic sludge, the effects of its digestion on soil physical and chemical properties and soil fertility were studied.
The research shows that the removal efficiency of heavy metals, especially cadmium, by earthworm treatment of domestic sludge discharged from sewage treatment plant is high, and the cadmium content in digested sludge is close to the background value in soil. It is reported that developed countries such as Europe and America vigorously promote the use of earthworms to treat sludge, and China's "Beijing Spring Festival Evening Biotechnology Center" is at the leading level in China.
Domestic sludge is a conventional product of sewage treatment plant, and sludge treatment has always been one of the important problems faced by municipal management. At present, there is no mature technology to treat sludge in China, which is mainly discharged or buried at will. Because sludge contains toxic and harmful substances, it may cause pollution again, and may even enter the human body through the food chain, endangering public health. Senior scientific and technological experts at home and abroad who are in charge of this research show that domestic sludge contains a lot of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which is a good fertilizer. However, due to harmful substances, its resource utilization is limited, and using earthworms to treat domestic sludge is more effective and thorough than traditional treatment methods. Earthworms will secrete substances beneficial to plant growth while swallowing harmful substances in sludge, so the sludge treated by earthworms is a good organic fertilizer, which realizes the resource utilization of sludge.
Earthworms can indeed be used in medicine. At present, the international market is 80- 1.5 million yuan per ton of dried earthworm, or even higher. Cultured earthworms can not only treat animal manure, but also treat garbage, purify the environment and accumulate fertilizer. Earthworms can turn garbage into fertilizer. Japan, the United States, Canada, Myanmar, India, the Philippines, Australia, West Germany and other countries use earthworms to treat garbage, purify the environment, eliminate public hazards and make organic fertilizers. Some countries that breed earthworms have developed into industrialized breeding and commercial production.
There is a paper mill in Japan, which imported 125 tons of earthworms from the United States to remove the pulp residue of the paper mill. In the past, this factory spent $400,000 a year to remove pulp residue. After the introduction of these earthworms, the money for buying earthworms will be earned back by selling earthworm manure for one year. There is a feeding box in Japan, with an area of 0.5 square meters and a depth of 30-50 cm. Each box can raise 1 0,000 earthworms, and after two years, it can grow to 1 100 million earthworms. It can eat 50 tons of papermaking waste liquid every day and produce 25 tons of earthworm manure. There are more than 200 kinds of earthworm breeding plants in Japan, among which Kyushu and Hokkaido are the most developed. There is the largest earthworm factory in Hyogo Prefecture, with 65.438 billion worms, which can treat 60,000 tons of sludge from food factories and fiber processing factories every year. In an earthworm factory in the United States, domestic garbage is first crushed and then put into a biogas digester to produce a large amount of biogas for market use. After biogas production, earthworms are cultivated with slag, and all earthworms are exported. The price per kilogram reached 15 US dollars, while the earthworm manure was sold to flower companies at the price of 40 ~ 100 US dollars/ton, which truly realized the purpose of turning waste into treasure and produced huge economic and social benefits.
In an experiment in Los Angeles, USA, 7.5 tons of crushed garbage was transported to an earthworm farm. In less than a month, this pile of garbage was digested by 654.38+00,000 earthworms. On another occasion, 10 tons of unpolished garbage was transported and eaten up by earthworms after 78 days. The United States began to study earthworms as early as 30 years ago, and now the trade volume of earthworms is increasing every year. Earthworms have been cultivated on the earth for hundreds of millions of years before humans come to the earth in the future. Earthworm granular fertilizer is a multifunctional and highly active bio-organic fertilizer made from artificially cultured earthworm manure. Earthworms change their intake of organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer through the digestive system according to the laws of nature. So as to be transformed into extremely rich super humus, which is easy to be absorbed by plant roots. The experimental results of many years and the research results of modern plant nutrition show that earthworm granular fertilizer can improve soil, improve rhizosphere microbial environment, inhibit soil-borne diseases and enhance crop disease resistance, thus greatly improving crop yield and quality. Earthworm dung is essentially a product of nature, which can really meet all kinds of needs and nutrients for plant growth and has incredible magical fertilizer effect on soil plants. Earthworm dung provides the most natural and reasonable nutrition collocation, which ensures the long-term nutrition needed by plants. According to the research results of domestic research institutions, the effect per 1 kg of earthworm manure can be equivalent to 10 kg of farm manure, which is economical and convenient to apply.
1, physical properties
Earthworm dung is a black, uniform and finely divided substance with natural earthy smell, good porosity, ventilation, drainage and high water holding capacity. Tiny particles can also help to improve the contact between soil and air as much as possible, because when they are mixed with soil, the soil no longer hardens. Earthworm dung has a large surface area, which enables many beneficial microorganisms to survive and has the ability to absorb and maintain nutrients.
2. Chemical properties
Many organic wastes, especially livestock manure, are usually alkaline, while most plants prefer slightly acidic growth media (pH: 6-6.5), which lowers the pH value of the wastes and tends to be neutral during earthworm digestion.
3. Biological characteristics
Worm feces are rich in bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. These microorganisms can not only mineralize complex substances into effective substances easily absorbed by plants, but also synthesize a series of bioactive substances, such as sugars, amino acids and vitamins. These substances make earthworm dung have many special properties.
Rational application of earthworm granular fertilizer;
1 can be used as base fertilizer and topdressing for grain, vegetables, fruit trees, melons and landscaping.
The effect is more obvious when combined with long-acting chemical fertilizer.
The fertilizer is absolutely safe for crops and can directly contact seeds or seedlings without any harm.
Precautions:
1. It is best not to apply it to the soil surface, so as to avoid direct sunlight affecting microbial activity and nutrient volatilization.
2. It should be stored in a cool and dry place to prevent rats from biting. Product features:
Earthworm dung is a black, uniform and finely divided substance, which has a natural earthy smell, good fertilizer retention, ventilation, drainage and water retention. With comprehensive nutrition, it is the most ideal fertilizer for all kinds of flowers. It has the characteristics of disposable use and never burning roots.
1. Earthworm dung is rich in various nutrients that can be easily absorbed by plants, and its fertility is sufficient and lasting.
Earthworm manure not only contains many elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and zinc, but also contains many trace elements such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper and magnesium and 18 amino acids. The content of organic matter and humus can reach about 30%.
2. Earthworm dung contains a lot of beneficial microorganisms and amino acids.
Each gram of earthworm dung contains about 654.38+billion microbial beneficial flora, and more valuable is antagonistic microorganisms and unknown auxin.
3. The only natural granular absorbent structural fertilizer.
Earthworm manure is the best hydrophilic and absorbent flower fertilizer. The used flower soil will not harden, and the effect of keeping fertilizer and moisture is good. Unique loose and porous structure has magical effect on absorbing indoor formaldehyde, benzene and volatile organic compounds.
Mechanism of microbial action of earthworm manure
Through the life activities of beneficial microorganisms and earthworms, plant hormones such as auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin and indole acid are produced to promote plant growth and regulate plant metabolism; It will also produce a large number of polysaccharides, which will combine with mucus, mineral colloid and organic colloid secreted by plants to form granular structure and improve water retention capacity. Beneficial microorganisms can also produce antibiotics with strong antagonistic activity and broad antibacterial spectrum, limit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and inhibit plant soil-borne diseases.
Mechanism of adsorption of various harmful gases by earthworm manure
Earthworm dung is a black, uniform and natural earthy substance with loose and porous particle structure. It has good ventilation, drainage and high water retention capacity. Earthworm dung has a large surface area and colloidal network characteristics, which enables many beneficial microorganisms to survive. This unique physical structure and colloidal characteristics make it have magical adsorption.
How to use:
1. After adding earthworm dung into the flowerpot according to the ratio of 1: 3 (one earthworm dung has three garden soils), there is no need to topdressing any fertilizer, changing soil or gently mixing 1-2 cups (about 22 cups) of earthworm dung into the pot soil every 2-3 months for 1-2 years.
2. When topdressing, apply it directly to the roots of plants and water them.
3. When planting flowers and changing pots, first shake off the original soil of the plants, then remove the old withered roots, re-enclose them with earthworm dung or directly cultivate them, so that the earthworm dung can fill the gap between the roots and water can be poured.
4. Adding earthworm manure 1-2 cm to the surface of flower soil can give full play to fertilizer efficiency, keep earthworm manure moist frequently, and also play a magical role in absorbing indoor formaldehyde, benzene and volatile organic compounds.
Main nutrients:
Total nitrogen+phosphorus+potassium ≥ 5% beneficial living bacteria ≥ 200 million/g organic matter ≥ 30%
Humic acid ≥20% pH value is neutral.