Section 1 Announcements
The meaning, characteristics and types of announcements
(1) The meaning of announcements
Announcements are administrative documents One of the main literary genres, it and announcements both belong to the advisory genre with a wide range of publications.
The "Measures for Handling Official Documents of National Administrative Agencies" stipulates the functions of announcements as follows:
It is applicable to announcing important matters or statutory matters at home and abroad.
The purpose of announcements is mainly reflected in two aspects:
First, to announce important matters at home and abroad. Specifically, it includes the announcement of laws, decrees, and regulations; announcement of major national affairs activities, such as visits, appointments, removals, and deaths of national leaders; announcement of major scientific and technological achievements; announcement of relevant important decisions, etc. For example, the State Administration of Taxation issued an announcement on issues related to personal income tax on interest income from foreign individuals’ savings deposits (see attached sample text).
The second is to announce legal matters at home and abroad. Statutory matters include announcements issued in accordance with the "Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China" and other legal provisions, as well as announcements announcing relevant regulations to the public in accordance with legal provisions. For example, in accordance with the provisions of Article 139 of the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China and the People's Republic of China, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has announced that it will continue to grant visa-free treatment to persons from countries and regions entering the Macao Special Administrative Region (see attached sample text).
There is no announcement in the official documents of the party, but there is a "communique" with a similar function.
(2) Characteristics of the announcement
1. Restrictions on the power to issue documents
Since the announcement announces major matters and statutory matters, the power to issue documents is limited to high-level administrative agencies and their functional departments. Specifically, the organs of state power (the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee), the state administrative organs (the State Council) and its affiliated departments, the administrative leading organs of all provinces, cities, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and certain statutory agencies, such as the tax bureau, customs, railway bureau, and people's Banks, procuratorates, courts, etc. have the power to make and issue announcements. Other local administrative agencies generally cannot issue announcements. Party organizations, social groups, enterprises and institutions cannot issue announcements.
2. Broadness of publication scope
Announcements are official documents that publish important matters and legal matters "domestic and abroad". The scope of information transmission is sometimes the whole country, sometimes the whole world. For example, our country has announced the list of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the form of an announcement. On the one hand, it establishes their status as academic leaders in our country's scientific community, and on the other hand, it strives to strive for their status in the international scientific community. Such an announcement will certainly have an impact on the world's scientific community. Relevant departments in my country have also published announcements in the People's Daily to announce the brands, trademarks and production companies of famous Chinese wines and high-quality Chinese wines, so that consumers can clearly identify them.
3. The importance of the subject matter
The subject matter of the announcement must be an important matter that can have a certain impact at home and abroad, or a statutory matter that must be announced to the public in accordance with the law. The content of the announcement is solemn and solemn, reflecting the majesty of the state power department. It must not only be able to make relevant information and policies public, but also consider the possible political impact at home and abroad. The contents of general decisions, instructions, and notifications cannot be released in the form of announcements because they are difficult to have national and international significance.
4． Newsiness of content and dissemination methods
Announcements also have certain newsiness characteristics. The so-called news refers to reports on recent events that are of concern to the public and should be known but are unknown. The contents of the announcement are all recent and unknown matters that the public should know, and have the characteristics of news to a certain extent. The form of announcement also has news characteristics. It is generally not disseminated in the form of red-headed documents, but is published publicly in newspapers and periodicals.
(3) Classification of announcements
1. Announcements on important matters
Any announcement that is used to announce important matters related to the country's politics, economy, military, science and technology, education, personnel, diplomacy, etc. that need to be informed to the whole people are such announcements. Common ones include changes in important national leadership positions, leaders' visits or other major activities, the announcement of important scientific and technological achievements, important military operations, etc. For example, the announcement by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on confirming the qualifications of the National People's Congress deputies and the announcement by Xinhua News Agency, which is authorized to announce that my country will conduct a test launch of a carrier rocket to the Pacific Ocean, all fall into this category.
2. Announcement of statutory matters
In accordance with relevant laws and regulations, some important matters and major links must be announced to the entire public in the form of announcements.
Article 39 of the "Patent Law of the People's Republic of China" stipulates: "If no reason for rejection is found after substantive examination of an invention patent application, the Patent Office shall make an approval and make an announcement."
p>Article 9 of the "Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People's Republic of China (Trial)" stipulates: "After accepting a bankruptcy case, the people's court shall notify the debtor and issue an announcement within ten days."
Article 16 of the "Interim Regulations of the State Council on Civil Servants" stipulates that "publication of recruitment announcements" is required for the recruitment of national civil servants.
The "Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China" stipulates that there are many types of announcements, including announcements to notify the right holder of registration, service announcements, court opening announcements, announcements of disappearance and death, announcements of property claims, Announcement of forced eviction of houses, forced withdrawal of land, etc.
The above announcements are all statutory announcements.
2. How to write the announcement
(1) The title and text number of the announcement
The title of the announcement has four different forms.
The first is the conventional form of the official document title, which consists of the issuing agency + main content + language type. For example, the “Announcement of the State Council on Resolutely Stopping Attacks on Railways to Ensure Safe and Smooth Railway Transportation.”
The second is to omit the main content, which is composed of the issuing agency + the genre. Such as "Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation" and "Announcement of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade". This is the most commonly used title form for announcements.
The third is to omit the issuing authority and consist of main content + genre. For example, the "Announcement on the Results of the National Cleanup of "Triangular Debt" in 1990 and the Continuing Cleanup of "Triangular Debt" in 1992. This form of title is relatively rare.
Fourth, only the word "announcement" is marked as the language type.
Announcements generally do not use the regular text number of official documents, but are marked with "No. ×" in the middle of the title. Some announcements may not be issued without a text number.
(2) Text of the announcement
1. Beginning
The beginning is mainly used to write the reason for the announcement, including basis, purpose, significance, etc. For example, the beginning of the "Announcement of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade" published in the "People's Daily" on June 15, 1989:
In order to further strengthen the management of imported goods marks and import contract numbers, the current import mark codes are eliminated. According to the spirit of managing the economic environment and rectifying the economic order, the management announcement on import marks is as follows:
This is a common opening method commonly used in official documents, and most announcements use this beginning. But there are also cases where the reasons for the announcement are not written and the announcement matters are entered at the beginning.
2. Body
The body is used to write announcements. Because the content of each announcement is different, the way the main body is written varies from article to article. Sometimes it is written in a continuous style, and sometimes it needs to be listed in items. In short, this part requires clear organization, accurate wording, conciseness and solemnity.
3. Conclusion
Generally use the formatted phrase "hereby announces" to conclude.
However, this is not the only option. Some announcements have a natural paragraph at the end to write implementation requirements, and some announcements neither contain implementation requirements nor use the conclusion of "hereby announced". way of closing.