He is bold, free and upright. He used to be the leader of the biggest sect Beggars' Sect in the Jianghu. His martial arts is the treasure of the Beggars' Sect, the "Flying Dragon with Eighteen Palms" (later Jin Yong changed it to the "Flying Dragon with Twenty Palms" in the new edition, and since he is the leader of the Beggars' Sect, he should know dog stick, but it is a pity that he has never used it in the novel), and he is good at grasping the hand, the "Flying Dragon" (from Shaolin) and Mao's long fist.
Strange life experience, this is a Khitan (Liao), his father studied martial arts with Han Chinese, and Xiao is a descendant of Khitan (Xiao Taihou's family), so Xiao's father and son are probably Khitan nobles. Xiao Yuanshan, a general of Shaanxi Army, devoted himself to peace in Song and Liao Dynasties. When Xiao Feng was a baby, his parents were ambushed by heroes of the Central Plains outside Yanmenguan. His mother died, and his father Xiao Yuanshan left a book and fell off the cliff. Xiao Feng, who was still in infancy, was taken back to the Central Plains by Xuan Ci, the Shaolin abbot who presided over the ambush, and was given to Qiao Sanhuai, a mountaineer living in Shaoshi Mountain, for adoption and renamed Qiao Feng. Xuan Ci learned from Xiao Yuanshan's letter that he had killed the wrong man. To show his guilt, he asked his younger brother Xuan Ku to teach him martial arts in Qiao Feng when he was a teenager, and then introduced him to worship Wang Jiantong, the leader of the Beggars' Sect (he also participated in the Yanmenguan ambush). Finally, he achieved Qiao Feng's fame with his extraordinary talent (his father was a master of the Khitan, who defeated thirteen martial arts masters in the Central Plains alone).
Kang Min, the wife of Vice Wang Ma, has a secret crush, but Xiao is an indomitable spirit hero, so he didn't notice this, so he offended Mrs Ma. Lady Ma exposed the identity of the Khitan and was forced to leave the Beggars' Sect. At this time, he felt guilty for killing his adoptive parents and teachers, which made him irrefutable. Fortunately, I met a confidante, Ah Zhu, and started to track down the real murderer with her company, but under the misleading of Kang Min, I found her biological father-Duan. In order to save his father's accidental death, Arjun finally asked Xiao Feng to take care of A Zi before he died. Feng Xiao left the customs with A Zi, while A Zi fell in love with Xiao Feng. Xiao Feng happened to meet Yeluhongji, the emperor of Liao Dynasty, and became brothers with Yeluhongji, helping him to quell the rebellion. Therefore, he was named King of the South Courtyard and King of Chu. Finally, for the sake of peace between Liao and Song Dynasties, he killed himself with a broken arrow outside Yanmenguan. His body fell off the cliff with Ah Zi and was buried with his mother.
Meridian worship says: Xiao Feng is an outstanding person, and he is free and easy. Although he was born in the middle of editing, he was impassioned, and no matter the disaster of Song and Liao, he was no better than a minister like a temple. The hero is also affectionate, but affectionate only for Zhu. Later, because of the traitor's bad plan, Aju was hurt, never married, and had many lovers.
2 ддд Shostakovich, a tragic figure in the history of Soviet music.
Shostakovich was born in 1906 and died in 1975 at the age of 69. He spent his youth in turmoil. 19 14 When Xiao was eight years old, World War I broke out. 19 17 years old (eleven years old), the socialist revolution broke out again in October. After the October Revolution, the Civil War, the intervention of sixteen countries and the Soviet Union Movement ... the ancient land of Russia was shocked. Everything is changing, everything is in fierce conflict with ancient traditions, and countless workers and peasants have given their lives for the future, for their ideals and for the establishment of a beautiful social system. Shostakovich began his youth in this era. 1922 after the civil war, the "new economic policy" was implemented, and people began to invest in economic recovery and socialist construction. At this time, Shostakovich, a student of Leningrad Conservatory of Music, graduated. 1925, he composed his first symphony, 1926 May 12, which was performed for the first time and was a success. Shostakovich was only 19 years old. The tone of the first symphony is upward, which is in sharp contrast with his long and depressing symphony works in his later period. In the 1920s, the atmosphere in the Soviet Union was active. At that time, the main focus of the debate about music was how to treat the musical heritage. The "Proletarian Music School" is composed of a group of radical musicians who take a nihilistic attitude towards all human cultural heritage, claiming that it is forbidden to play non-proletarian music such as Beethoven and Tchaikovsky, but what they want is clear "rhythm and passion". On the contrary, the modern Rightists believe that "the proletariat is the legal heir of all past cultures, and they deserve the best music", and they emphasize the inheritance of culture. Shostakovich was one of Leningrad modernists at that time. 1927 and 193 1 published the second (October) symphony and the third (May 1st) symphony. Both symphonies use chorus. At the end of the third symphony, the chorus representing the people shouted "October, Commune, Lenin". At the end of the third symphony, Shostakovich kept his spirits high, and the music reached its climax when he sang the following lyrics; "Knives and flags rose in the sun, and the March echoed in our ears. Every May Day has taken a step towards socialism. " 1 However, the "great cleansing" that began after 1934 12 1 made the Soviet people pay a huge blood price. Shostakovich suffered a tragic fate. The abnormal political life at that time was reflected in the cultural policy, which was cultural imprisonment. On April 23rd 1932, various music organizations merged. Since then, the tendency of simplification in music creation has increased.
Shostakovich resolutely opposes the tendency of simplification in art and demands that music creation follow the rules of music. 1932 Writing the opera Lady Macbeth almost killed him. After the completion of 1932, it was warmly welcomed at home and abroad in the Soviet Union. In Leningrad alone, the opera was staged for 82 consecutive performances. However, this opera is Xiao's last performance. From then on, he remained silent almost until his death. This kind of work, which blatantly violates the "main significance of socialist reality", was of course criticized soon. 1936 65438+1On October 28th, Pravda published the article "Chaos Replaces Music". A week later (February 6th), he published an article criticizing his ballet Qingliu, which was a bolt from the blue and a fatal blow to him. Xiao wrote in his memoirs: "Criticize twice in ten days, and one person can't stand it! Now that everyone understands, I must also understand this. Since then, I have been thinking, I am afraid that something unexpected will happen again: it has already happened ... public enemies's hat will be worn on my head forever. What did this hat mean at that time? I'm afraid I don't need to explain more. " Soon, the newspaper publicly accused Xiao of being "public enemies", and everyone avoided it. Musicians expressed their condemnation of Xiao's "formalism", "non-Soviet, unhealthy and rhyming" (chaos replaces music) works. Shaw wrote: "My opera Lady Macbeth was banned and stopped in all theaters. I organized various meetings, and the "chaos" must be discussed in detail, and everyone avoided me. From a sentence in the Pravda article, it can be seen that all this may' have very serious consequences'. Now, everyone is waiting for this bad consequence. " At that time, few people named in the newspaper survived. Xiao is waiting for someone to come and take him away every day. However, this kind of thing didn't happen, and Xiao Ye never wanted to understand why he survived. Following the publication of1October 28th and February 6th 1936, Xiao's old works were successively approved, including the opera Nose and the ballet Golden Age. 1936 The fourth symphony, which was finalized and submitted for rehearsal on May 20th, was taken back by the author himself before its premiere.
At that time, the political atmosphere in the Soviet Union was grim. 1937, Marshal Tuhachevsky, Xiao's good friend, was executed for treason. Regarding tukhachevsky, Xiao wrote in his memoirs: "In the highest authority, there is only one person who really likes my music, and that is Marshal tukhachevsky, the' Red Napoleon' (as everyone liked to call him at that time) ... at that time, it seemed that the future was bright. He has just been appointed as a marshal of the Soviet Union. The title sounds very prominent, but he was shot six months later. I survived. Which of us is luckier? Who can I call then? I went to see Marshal Tuhachevsky. I'm like a leper. No one came to see me. Nobody paid attention to me in the street. Everyone was afraid of me, but Tuhachevsky met me. I whispered because of pain and despair, and he whispered because he was afraid that the wall would have ears. ..... Yes, what can he tell me at such a moment? Then the "tukhachevsky Incident" happened, and he was shot. This is really a terrible blow to me. When I saw the news in the newspaper, my eyes were dark. "
Unable to express his pain in words, the composer used his own music to express it. Xiao said, "Most of my symphonies are tombstones." It can be said that most of Xiao's symphonies are tombstones except his first, second and third symphonies. Starting from the Fourth Symphony, Xiao Yi changed his enthusiastic and enterprising style, and his music suddenly became long, depressing, ironic, thoughtful and even dry. 1937, Xiao published the Fifth Symphony. In the Soviet Union, the Fifth Symphony was well received, and the official thought that Xiao had admitted his mistake. Critics at home and abroad have always regarded the Fifth Symphony as Xiao's self-criticism. It is generally believed that the first chapter of the Fifth Symphony reflects the composer's anguish and meditation, and in the last movement, the composer bid farewell to the past. However, Xiao explained this work in another way in his memoirs. He wrote that the finale of the Fifth Symphony was a tragedy with no way out, and the first chapter was his mourning for his dead friend. He said; "Only the writer Fadev heard it, and he felt it with the soul of a Russian drunkard."
194 1 On June 22nd, Hitler invaded the Soviet Union. During the war, he wrote two symphonies, namely, the seventh symphony Leningrad and the eighth symphony, of which the seventh symphony is the most famous. The seventh symphony was composed in 1942. The Encyclopedia of the Soviet Union said: "The music of the Seventh Symphony described the heroic struggle of the people against fascism and became a musical monument of war, for which Xiao won the Stalin Prize." However, this time people misinterpreted this work. Xiao said in his memoirs: "The idea of the Seventh Symphony began before the war ... This work is not about Leningrad being besieged, but about Leningrad being destroyed by the expansion of the Great Cleansing. Hitler finally finished it. People blame all the misfortunes and sufferings on the war. It seems that only in war will people be tortured and killed. So the seventh and eighth symphonies are still regarded as "war symphonies" until today. He said that when writing this work, the image of tukhachevsky often came to his eyes, and the terrible theme of expansionary aggression in the work had nothing to do with the Nazis. When he wrote this theme, he considered other human disasters.
Even during the war, when his works were well received, he did not get the full trust of the government. When the Eighth Symphony was performed at 1943, someone actually described it as a work against the revolution and the Soviet Union, and asked such a question: "Why did Xiao write an optimistic work at the beginning of the war, but now we are fighting back and defeating fascism, but Xiao wrote a tragedy, which shows that he is on Fache's side. "
1945 After the war, Xiao composed the Ninth Symphony, which lasted only 24 minutes. Although there are heavy passages in the music, the tone of the whole song is bright and optimistic, which is different from previous tragic works, but Xiao was quickly criticized for the second time.
1948 is the most imprisoned year in Soviet culture. In February this year, 65438+ 10, the Resolution on Moulaye's Opera "Great Friendship" was published. The resolution reprimanded Shostakovich, Moulaye, prokofiev and others for making serious world mistakes. Ehrenborg wrote: "After the victory of the Soviet people, I thought that things in the 1930s would never happen again, but all kinds of things reminded me of those days that had already passed, and writers, directors and composers were reprimanded; The "instigator" was caught; On the list of blame, new names are added every day; The blame is directed at Pastier Elnak and Shostakovich, Eisenstein and pudovkin. "Political cleansing began again. During the period of 1948- 1952, the "Leningrad case" and "the murder of doctors in the Kremlin" were announced one after another, and Wozniacki, member of the Politburo and chairman of the Planning Commission, and Kuznetsov, the first secretary of Leningrad, were shot. In this atmosphere, Shostakovich was sent to new york to attend the World Peace Culture and Science Conference. After the above-mentioned incident, Xiao, sitting on the starlight roof of new york Wo Rodov Hotel, gave people a feeling of weakness. People can see him holding cigarettes with trembling hands and smoking one after another. His facial expression often twitches habitually and his lips pull into a suspicious smile. An interpreter read the speech for him ... during the whole reading process, it can be seen from the constant twitching of the composer's mouth and cheeks that his restless mood has reached an uncontrollable level. In the Soviet Union, Xiao made a review, thanked the party and the government for their rescue, and resolutely gave up his "anti-Soviet" cosmopolitan stance. This time, Xiao completely gave in. He wrote, "I feel like a dead man. I'm thinking that when I get home from America, it will all be over. "In those years, Xiao spent almost all his life under review. Western scholars say that he "represents a heartbreaking image of servility", and Xiao hardly wrote a profound musical work in five years until 1953.
1In the summer of 953, Xiao broke his eight-year silence in symphony creation and created the Tenth Symphony. After the performance of the Tenth Symphony, opinions from all sides were solicited immediately, with mixed opinions. The tenth symphony begins with a slow and tragic first movement, which seems to imitate the tragic scene of Beethoven's third heroic symphony, and also seems to describe his bumpy road, and its tragedy almost runs through the whole song. The Tenth Symphony was finally recognized by all walks of life after various arguments. After composing the Tenth Symphony, Xiao began to turn to large-scale historical themes. 1957, he wrote the eleventh symphony-1905, describing the revolution, uprising and people's awakening in Russia in1905. 196 1 the second symphony written for Lenin-1917. In these two symphonies, Xiao used a lot of revolutionary songs and enthusiastically praised the power of the people. 1957 Xiao was elected secretary of the Soviet Composers Association, and 1960 joined the Soviet Union, indicating that his situation has improved. The appearance of the two symphonies "Eleventh" and "Twelfth" shows Xiao's reverence for Lenin, the October Revolution and the long-term struggle of the Russian people.
1962 Xiao published the 13th Symphony, and 1969 published the 14th Symphony, with the lyrics of 18251February. In the Thirteenth Symphony, Xiao criticized many unreasonable phenomena in the history of the Soviet Union, such as anti-Semitism, terrorism, long-term shortage of consumer goods, poor life of farmers, and mediocrity in pursuing fame and fortune. This symphony was banned by Khrushchev at the beginning of 1963 because it touched on the practical problems of Soviet society. The reason is that "the West is slandering the Soviet Union for anti-Semitism, so this work may be used". 1in April, 963, the Soviet newspaper Belarus accused him of deviating from his sense of the times and a high sense of responsibility for the problems we are currently solving, saying that he "lost the limits that citizens should have." A few years later, the thirteenth symphony was revised and performed again. Although some sensitive parts were deleted from the new version, Soviet officials remained indifferent.
197 1 year, Xiao's 15th Symphony was published. 1975 He died in Moscow on August 9th.
Shostakovich lived in the Soviet Union for sixty-eight years, and he was the product of this country's specific environment. He changed from an enthusiastic young man to a taciturn old man. His music has undergone a similar change. In his life, there were moments of excitement and enthusiasm, moments of depression, and even moments of despair and danger. He was awarded honors and checks against his will more than once. His life is a history of changes in the Soviet Union, and his memoirs show people the heart of a character who is often in a complex and contradictory dual psychological state. His works are often not understood, so he once said that most of his symphonies are tombstones: "Our people have died too much, and they are buried in places where no one knows. I am willing to write a work for every victim, but this is impossible, which is why I want to dedicate my music to all of them. "
Some people call Shostakovich the originator of revisionist music, but many musicians disagree. He almost grew up with the October Revolution until his later years (the 11th and 12th symphonies), and he spoke highly of the October Revolution, Lenin and the people's struggle.
Shostakovich especially appreciates a sentence in Hamlet: "Call me whatever you want. Although you can annoy me, you can never use me. " Perhaps because of this, Shostakovich has withstood the test of life and become a great tragic figure in the history of music in this century.