2, independent research and development of new product prototype.
3. Independent development of new technologies
4. Invention patents
5, utility model patent
6. Design patents
7. Drawings with technical parameters, etc.
8. Basic software
9. Application software
10, other
Question 2: What do you mean by the form of the result? It is a paper or report.
1, meeting appraisal? Refers to the evaluation of scientific research achievements by peer experts in the form of meetings. The evaluation results can only be made after on-the-spot investigation, testing and discussion and defense, and should be in the form of meeting appraisal.
2. Testing and identification? Refers to the evaluation of scientific research achievements by professional technical testing institutions through inspection and testing performance indicators.
3. letter review? Refers to peer experts' evaluation of scientific research results through written review of relevant technical data. The evaluation results can be made without on-site inspection, testing and defense, and should be in the form of letter appraisal.
Question 3: How to write a formal description of the paper (1) title and title)
Titles are also called titles or titles. A title is a logical combination that reflects the most important specific content in a short passage with the most appropriate and concise words.
The title of a paper is the first important information related to the scope and level of the paper. At the same time, it is necessary to compile secondary documents such as titles and indexes, taking into account the specific practical information that can help select keywords and provide retrieval. The topic of the paper is very important and must be carefully chosen. Some people use the following sentence to describe its importance: "The title of the paper is half of the article". The requirements for the title of the thesis are: accurate and appropriate; Short and pithy; Proper extension and connotation; Eye-catching
(2) Author's name and organization (Authoranddepartment)
This item belongs to the problem of paper signature. The first is to show the responsibility of writing, the second is to record the results of labor, and the third is to facilitate readers to contact the author and literature retrieval (author index). It can be roughly divided into two situations, single-author papers and multi-author papers. The latter is listed as the first author and the second author in the order of signature. It is important to adhere to the attitude of seeking truth from facts, and list those who have made the greatest contribution to research work and thesis writing as the first and second authors, and so on. It is also convenient for readers to contact the author by indicating the author's unit.
(3) Abstract
Papers usually have abstracts, some for international communication, and foreign language (mostly English) abstracts. It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments or annotations. Other uses are to obtain necessary information without reading the full text of the paper. The abstract shall include the following contents:
① The purpose and significance of this study;
(2) the main content of the study, which shows what has been done;
(3) The basic conclusions and research results highlight the originality of the paper;
④ The significance of the conclusion or result.
Keywords (keywords)
Keywords belong to a category of subject words. Subject words include not only keywords, but also narrative words of unit words and title words.
Keyword is a new vocabulary in information retrieval language, which is used to describe the theme of literature and carry out information retrieval. It is precisely because of its appearance and development that it is possible to computerize information retrieval (computer retrieval). Keywords refer to words or phrases that distinguish things through the characteristic relationship of concepts, express them in natural language, and have collocation function to accurately express the dynamic semantic conceptual relationship between words.
Skill: Choose topics according to academic direction. The value of thesis writing is that it can solve specific problems in specific industries, especially academic papers. Therefore, one of the skills of choosing and refining the topic of the thesis is to choose and refine it according to its academic value.
Tip 2: Choose a topic according to your hobbies. The second skill of selecting and refining the topic of the paper is to start from the author's hobbies. Only when the topic conforms to the author's interests and hobbies can the materials accumulated by the author be effective and the language application can be practiced.
Tip 3: Choose a topic according to the literature. Literature is the basis of supporting and enriching the thesis, and it can also better reflect the research direction and viewpoint of the thesis. Therefore, the author starts from the existing literature, selects the topic and refines the title, which becomes the third skill.
Tip 4: Choose a topic from an early age. The so-called specialization from an early age means that when selecting rules and refining titles, soft writers should start from professional points and break through from small points, bearing in mind that everything is not specialized, big and empty.
Question 4: The paper opening report has a result table, which describes how to fill in and submit the research results in the form of a paper.
Question 5: How to write the results of the graduation thesis application form? The basic requirements for the argument are: the author's views and opinions; The basic requirements of arguments are: factual arguments (celebrity cases) and rational arguments (authoritative quotes, aphorisms, poems and common sentences); The basic requirements of argumentation are: comparative reasoning, metaphorical reasoning and quotation.
When writing an argumentative essay, you should consider the argument, what to use as an argument to prove it, how to demonstrate it, and then draw a conclusion. You can put forward a general argument first, then discuss it separately, analyze each sub-argument, and finally draw a conclusion; You can also quote a story, a dialogue, or describe a scene first, and then analyze the facts layer by layer and draw new conclusions. This way of writing is called total score, which is commonly used by middle school students. You can also ask a question that everyone cares about at the beginning of the article, and then answer it one by one, step by step, which is a difficult way to write. It is also necessary for the author to compare two different things in the opposite way, and then draw a conclusion that this is a kind of comparative writing, which highlights the author's point of view through comparison.
Think seriously
1. farsightedness: stand tall and look far, and don't talk about things. Sometimes it seems nothing, but careful analysis can still find problems. It is far-sighted to find problems among seemingly absent problems.
2. See the micro-knowledge: that is to say, we should see a development trend and a major event from small things.
3. From the outside to the inside: Analyze the essence of things from the surface.
4. From this to that: Sometimes two things seem to have nothing to do with each other, but they are actually related to each other. You should be able to hang them up.
Question 6: How to fill in the research results form? The stage summary of research is a comprehensive and systematic review and inspection of past research work. This summary mainly includes three parts: title, text and signature. The title should be consistent with the content, generally expressed in the form corresponding to the title of the stage plan or in the form of main title plus subtitle, so as to clarify or highlight the summarized content. The text usually includes three parts: overview, basic practices and results, conclusion and discussion. After explaining the basic situation of the research and the basic viewpoints of the whole paper, the introduction should state the content and specific methods of the research, explain the research results, analyze the achievements, experiences and existing problems, and finally make necessary discussions and put forward future plans. Specifically, it should include two aspects: 1, review of phased research work, that is, summarizing the main research work carried out at this stage (school year or semester) against the progress plan at this stage. This is an important basis for writing a research report at the end of the project. Specifically, we should focus on the research work at this stage from the following three aspects: ① What activities have been carried out at the school level (such as training, investigation, observation and discussion). )? What organizational management measures have been taken? At the teacher level, how is the research progressing? (2) Has the set target reached 20%? What achievements have been made and what results have been received? What are the typical examples? ③ What are the shortcomings of this study? What problems or puzzles have you encountered during the investigation? What implications does this have for future research? 2. Sorting out the phased research results is to refine the main research results obtained at this stage (school year or semester) according to the research progress plan at this stage (progress plan). This is an important basis for writing the project research report at the end of the project. Specifically, we can focus on the following two aspects: ① Explicit research results, including two types: one is factual results, such as effective experience (practice) summary, special research papers, typical lesson plans, excellent educational stories or educational essays; Second, data results, such as dependent variable survey materials of individuals or groups (questionnaire statistics, performance analysis); (2) Implicit research results, including: the growth of students in all aspects, the professional development of teachers, the connotation development of schools, social effects, and so on. The combing of results is not a simple listing of results. As far as research is concerned, the above results can only be regarded as original results. Therefore, for the person in charge of the project, two tasks should be done well: one is to sort out the above-mentioned original results, remove the rough and extract the fine, and eliminate the invalid or irrelevant results; The second is to accurately grasp the variable factors of the subject research, logically classify and refine the above-mentioned original achievements, and then, based on facts and data, make necessary integration and promotion of the phased research achievements 3 and effectiveness of the whole subject, and extract the essence of science and regularity from them, so that the research achievements of the subject are based on the original achievements and higher than the original experience. Signed it. The author's signature of the abstract is written directly below the title, and the date of the abstract is indicated at the bottom right of the article. (It consists of introduction and text. What is the basis of the introduction, for what purpose, and what problems or situations are summarized as follows. Writing methods, achievements and shortcomings, experiences and lessons, problems and suggestions, etc. )
Question 7: What are the results of scientific research projects? 1, papers and monographs 2, new product prototype 3, new technology 4, invention patent 5, utility model patent 6, design patent 7, domain papers with technical parameters, etc. 8. Basic software 9, application software 10, others.