I read it carefully and then look for information:
In 2003, the US military tested a new hemostatic powder, quikclot, which was approved by fda in May 2002 to equip American soldiers currently stationed in the Gulf region to attack Iraq.
Quikclot is a granular powder that looks like a desiccant. It is packed in a sterile and waterproof vacuum, with a net weight of 3.5 ounces (100g) and a size of 5×7 inches. There is a gap at the top of the packaging bag, which is easy to tear. The labels on the front and back indicate the usage and precautions, and there are diagrams. When in use, the package is torn open, and the granular powder is directly poured on the wound to stop bleeding quickly.
Quikclot is a molecular sieve substance extracted from zeolite or natural or artificial silicate similar to zeolite. Zeolite is a kind of mineral in nature, which is mostly distributed in mineral deposits or volcanic ash deposition zones at the bottom of lakes. Using aluminate polymer and silicate as raw materials, artificial zeolite similar to natural zeolite can be produced by controlling reaction type and crystallization temperature. After dehydration and disinfection, natural or artificial zeolite crystals become a powerful absorbent, which can selectively absorb a variety of gases and liquids, and can also absorb water in blood. In 1980s, francis x.hursey accidentally discovered the hemostatic effect of quikclot and applied for a patent. At the beginning of 2002, Z-Medicaid Company was established to develop and produce quikclot.
Quikclot's hemostatic mechanism is very simple. It is like a super sponge, which can absorb the water in the blood flowing from the wound in a few seconds, but not the blood coagulation factors such as red blood cells and platelets, so that the blood coagulation factors can be concentrated and the bleeding can be stopped immediately. Quikclot can not only absorb the water in the blood, but also release a certain amount of heat, which makes the wound feel slightly numb, which not only relieves the pain but also strengthens the hemostasis effect. Because quikclot has no physical and chemical activity, it will not cause any allergic reaction and wound infection, and it is very safe to use.
A laboratory of the United States Navy used two groups of animal models of femoral arteriovenous hemorrhage in pigs, and made a verification test on quikclot with military tourniquet as the standard control. The results showed that the mortality of quikclot group was 0 and the survival rate was 100%, which was superior to the standard control group in hemostasis effect and survival rate improvement. Another verification test of the US Navy was designed and implemented by hasan alam, a surgical trauma expert. The results showed that the mortality rate of the group without hemostasis treatment was about 80%, the mortality rate of the group with traditional treatment methods such as dressing, pressure and intravenous infusion was 33.4%, and the mortality rate of the group with quick clofibrate treatment was 0.
The US military has used quikclot in military operations in Afghanistan, and the effect is very satisfactory. Some experts believe that the emergence of quikclot has completely changed the situation of poor traumatic bleeding effect since the American Civil War 130 years, and significantly improved the survival rate of the wounded on the battlefield.
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