Life jacket is the most commonly used life-saving appliance on board, so you should pay attention to maintenance. Usually, we should store life jackets in our residence or get them easily for use. Keep it clean, avoid humidity or high temperature baking, and regularly check whether the wrapping cloth is complete and the binding belt is free from corrosion damage; Life jacket can't be used as a pillow, so as not to reduce the buoyancy after pressing the material. After being affected with damp, it should be dried in time, and it is forbidden to dry with fire to avoid material deterioration and loss of buoyancy; Life jackets should be regularly tested for buoyancy, and damaged life jackets should be replaced in time.
Life buoy is also a common life-saving appliance on board, and it is used carefully. Pay attention to tie the throwing rope when throwing the lifebuoy, so it is best to throw it on the windward and upstream of the drowning person, and not directly on the drowning person to avoid injuring the drowning person. After the drowning man gets the lifebuoy, he holds one side of the lifebuoy with his hand to make it stand up, and the other hand reaches into his neck, or when the lifebuoy stands up, he puts his hand and head into the lifebuoy, and then clamps the lifebuoy under his arm. A drowning person should keep his body upright in the water.
Self-rescue method of drowning
In this case, the drowning person must quickly choose the correct swimming posture. Generally, backstroke should be chosen to reduce physical exertion; Try to take off or cut off the plastic jumpsuit to prevent the lower limbs from floating and causing the human body to stand upside down in the water; Make a temporary float with clothes; Find out whether there are floating objects around that can be used as floating tools; Swimming should not be invalid unless the drowning person has been found in the passing ships, so as to avoid wasting physical strength because of swimming; If you find a passing ship, you should swim vertically, throw your hand out of the water and call for help when it is within 1000 meters.
If the temperature is low, the drowning person can tighten the cuffs, collars and other places to protect the parts of the body that dissipate heat faster; If there are floating objects around you, put your legs together, keep your elbows close to your side, put your arms crossed in front of the floating objects, and try to float as far as possible so that your head and neck don't come out of the water. If several people fall into the water at the same time, the drowning people can try to swim together, gather together closely, and keep their body temperature as large as possible.
How to help drowning people
In case of drowning at sea, after the drowning person is lifted out of the water, the water, mud and dirt in his oral cavity and nasal cavity should be immediately removed, and his tongue should be pulled out by wrapping his fingers with gauze (handkerchief), unbuttoning his buttons and neckline, so as to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. Take a semi-kneeling posture, put your abdomen on your legs, make your head droop, and press your back with your hands to pour water.
People who stop breathing should be given artificial respiration immediately, and mouth-to-mouth blowing is generally the best. The rescuer is on one side, hold the jaw, hold the nostril, take a deep breath, slowly blow into the wounded mouth, relax the nostril when the chest is slightly lifted, and press the chest with one hand to help exhale. Repeat rhythmically (blowing 16-20 times per minute) until breathing resumes.
People with cardiac arrest should have a chest massage first. Let him lie on his back, put a hard board on his back, lower his head and lean back. The rescuer is on one side, the palm of the right hand is placed flat on the lower part of the sternum, and the left hand is placed on the back of the right hand. With the help of the rescuer's body weight, apply force slowly, but not too hard to prevent fracture. Then he has to loosen his wrist (don't leave the sternum) to restore the sternum, and repeat it rhythmically (60-80 times per minute) until.
What first aid measures should be taken for drowning people who are in a semi-coma, coma or suspended animation? When the person in distress does not tremble, but is in a serious situation such as semi-coma, coma or suspended animation, the breathing situation of the person in distress should be continuously observed during the rescue process; If the person in distress is not breathing, artificial respiration should be performed immediately; If the person in distress regains breathing but loses consciousness, he should be allowed to lie down in the left position; Avoid all unnecessary manual movements, even without taking off wet clothes or massaging.
Wrap the people in distress with blankets or other clothes, and immediately send them to the cabin with the temperature of 15 ~ 20 degrees for rest. It's best to keep your balance and head slightly down.
Common sense of first aid and hemostasis for traumatic bleeding of personnel on board.
Scientific research shows that the whole body's blood volume per kilogram of body weight is 70 ml. Generally speaking, the loss of 10% of a healthy person's whole body blood volume will not cause obvious changes to his body, but if he loses 20% of his whole body blood volume, he will have an accelerated heartbeat, thirst, general weakness and even a cold sweat. If you lose 30%, people will be restless, gibberish, pale, cold limbs, reduced urine output, weak and fast pulse, and blood pressure will drop significantly. If the loss exceeds 35% ~ 40%, the human body will fall into deep shock, and the blood pressure will be extremely low, and it will be on the verge of death.
The types of traumatic bleeding in human body are divided into external bleeding and internal bleeding. Internal bleeding, such as intrathoracic hemorrhage, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, etc., is serious and cannot be treated on the spot, so it is necessary to find a way to send it to the hospital urgently. Finger pressure to stop bleeding. Mainly used for emergency treatment of acute arterial bleeding. On fishing boats, it is used when there are no dressings and tourniquets on hand due to conditions. The finger pressed against the adjacent bone near the heart end of the bleeding artery, blocking the source of blood supply. The method is simple and can quickly and effectively achieve the purpose of hemostasis, but the disadvantage is that hemostasis is not lasting. You should know the correct pressing point in advance to be effective.
Commonly used compression hemostasis points:
(1) Head and face:
Pressing the temporal artery-pressing the anterior mandibular joint of the ear with your fingers can stop the bleeding in the upper forehead, temporal part and front part of the head on the same side. Pressing the external maxillary artery-fixing the head with one hand and pressing the anterior inferior mandibular artery with the thumb with the other hand can stop bleeding in the lower part of the same side and oral cavity.
Compression of carotid artery-Compression of the carotid artery from the front edge of the middle segment of the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle to the transverse process of the cervical vertebra can stop the extensive bleeding of the ipsilateral head, neck and pharynx. Be careful not to oppress for too long, not to oppress both sides at the same time, causing severe cerebral ischemia, and not to oppress the trachea in a hurry.
How to help drowning people
In case of drowning at sea, after the drowning person is lifted out of the water, the water, mud and dirt in his oral cavity and nasal cavity should be immediately removed, and his tongue should be pulled out by wrapping his fingers with gauze (handkerchief), unbuttoning his buttons and neckline, so as to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. Take a semi-kneeling posture, put your abdomen on your legs, make your head droop, and press your back with your hands to pour water.
People who stop breathing should be given artificial respiration immediately, and mouth-to-mouth blowing is generally the best. The rescuer is on one side, hold the jaw, hold the nostril, take a deep breath, slowly blow into the wounded mouth, relax the nostril when the chest is slightly lifted, and press the chest with one hand to help exhale. Repeat rhythmically (blowing 16-20 times per minute) until breathing resumes.
People with cardiac arrest should have a chest massage first. Let him lie on his back, put a hard board on his back, lower his head and lean back. The rescuer is on one side, the palm of the right hand is placed flat on the lower part of the sternum, and the left hand is placed on the back of the right hand. With the help of the rescuer's body weight, apply force slowly, but not too hard to prevent fracture. Then he has to loosen his wrist (don't leave the sternum) to restore the sternum, and repeat it rhythmically (60-80 times per minute) until.
What first aid measures should be taken for drowning people who are in a semi-coma, coma or suspended animation? When the person in distress does not tremble, but is in a serious situation such as semi-coma, coma or suspended animation, the breathing situation of the person in distress should be continuously observed during the rescue process; If the person in distress is not breathing, artificial respiration should be performed immediately; If the person in distress regains breathing but loses consciousness, he should be allowed to lie down in the left position; Avoid all unnecessary manual movements, even without taking off wet clothes or massaging.
Wrap the people in distress with blankets or other clothes, and immediately send them to the cabin with the temperature of 15 ~ 20 degrees for rest. It's best to keep your balance and head slightly down.
Intra-abdominal and intracranial hemorrhage, which is serious and cannot be handled at the scene. We need to find a way to send it to the hospital urgently. Finger pressure to stop bleeding. Mainly used for emergency treatment of acute arterial bleeding. On fishing boats, it is used when there are no dressings and tourniquets on hand due to conditions. The finger pressed against the adjacent bone near the heart end of the bleeding artery, blocking the source of blood supply. The method is simple and can quickly and effectively achieve the purpose of hemostasis, but the disadvantage is that hemostasis is not lasting. You should know the correct pressing point in advance to be effective.
Commonly used compression hemostasis points:
Pressing the thumb of one hand on the anterior inferior artery of mandibular angle can stop bleeding in the lower part of the same side and oral cavity.
Compression of carotid artery-Compression of the carotid artery from the front edge of the middle segment of the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle to the transverse process of the cervical vertebra can stop the extensive bleeding of the ipsilateral head, neck and pharynx. Be careful not to oppress for too long, not to oppress both sides at the same time, causing severe cerebral ischemia, and not to oppress the trachea in a hurry, causing respiratory obstruction.
(2) Shoulder and upper limb bleeding:
Compression of subclavian artery-in the supraclavicular fossa, pressing on the first rib can stop bleeding in the shoulders, armpits and upper limbs.
Compression of brachial artery-After the biceps sulcus bone touches the pulse, it is pressed on the humerus to stop bleeding from the forearm and hand at the lower end of the upper limb.
How to deal with stormy weather when working at sea
Before the stormy weather comes: firstly, listen to the weather forecast in time, pay attention to the changes of local conditions and customs, and return to Hong Kong in time to take shelter from the wind. If you can't take shelter from the wind for some reason, you should make the following preparations. One is to keep the ship watertight. All watertight doors, portholes, hatches, vents, skylights, water outlets and anchor barrels should be reinforced or covered as soon as possible to maintain watertightness; The second is to ensure smooth drainage. All drainage machinery, pipelines, valves and deck drainage doors shall be in good condition; The third is to fix all moving objects, such as nets, shovels and anchors. Adjust everything inside and outside the engine room, such as derrick, ice, grapple hook, oil and water, etc. To reduce the center of gravity of the ship and improve its stability; Fourth, check the rudder device and anchor equipment to ensure that they are in good condition; Fifth, the engine room should ensure that the main engine is in good condition. If you encounter big waves at sea, you should immediately report the situation to the onshore platform, take mobile anchoring or drifting measures, maintain a safe speed, and slow down against the wind and waves. Remember, when sailing in a big storm, don't turn around easily to avoid crossing the waves.
Self-rescue method of drowning
In this case, the drowning person must quickly choose the correct swimming posture. Generally, backstroke should be chosen to reduce physical exertion; Try to take off or cut off the plastic jumpsuit to prevent the lower limbs from floating and causing the human body to stand upside down in the water; Make a temporary float with clothes; Find out whether there are floating objects around that can be used as floating tools; Swimming should not be invalid unless the drowning person has been found in the passing ships, so as to avoid wasting physical strength because of swimming; If you find a passing ship, you should swim vertically, throw your hand out of the water and call for help when it is within 1000 meters.
If the temperature is low, the drowning person can tighten the cuffs, collars and other places to protect the parts of the body that dissipate heat faster; If there are floating objects around you, put your legs together, keep your elbows close to your side, put your arms crossed in front of the floating objects, and try to float as far as possible so that your head and neck don't come out of the water. If several people fall into the water at the same time, the drowning people can try to swim together, gather together closely, and keep their body temperature as large as possible.
Common sense of first aid and hemostasis for traumatic bleeding of personnel on board.
Scientific research shows that the whole body's blood volume per kilogram of body weight is 70 ml. Generally speaking, the loss of 10% of a healthy person's whole body blood volume will not cause obvious changes to his body, but if he loses 20% of his whole body blood volume, he will have an accelerated heartbeat, thirst, general weakness and even a cold sweat. If you lose 30%, people will be restless, gibberish, pale, cold limbs, reduced urine output, weak and fast pulse, and blood pressure will drop significantly. If the loss exceeds 35% ~ 40%, the human body will fall into deep shock, and the blood pressure will be extremely low, and it will be on the verge of death.
The types of traumatic bleeding in human body are divided into external bleeding and internal bleeding. Internal bleeding, such as intrathoracic hemorrhage, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, etc., is serious and cannot be treated on the spot, so it is necessary to find a way to send it to the hospital urgently. Finger pressure to stop bleeding. Mainly used for emergency treatment of acute arterial bleeding. On fishing boats, it is used when there are no dressings and tourniquets on hand due to conditions. The finger pressed against the adjacent bone near the heart end of the bleeding artery, blocking the source of blood supply. The method is simple and can quickly and effectively achieve the purpose of hemostasis, but the disadvantage is that hemostasis is not lasting. You should know the correct pressing point in advance to be effective.
Commonly used compression hemostasis points:
(1) Head and face:
Pressing the temporal artery-pressing the anterior mandibular joint of the ear with your fingers can stop the bleeding in the upper forehead, temporal part and front part of the head on the same side. Pressing the external maxillary artery-fixing the head with one hand and pressing the anterior inferior mandibular artery with the thumb with the other hand can stop bleeding in the lower part of the same side and oral cavity.
Compression of carotid artery-Compression of the carotid artery from the front edge of the middle segment of the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle to the transverse process of the cervical vertebra can stop the extensive bleeding of the ipsilateral head, neck and pharynx. Be careful not to oppress for too long, not to oppress both sides at the same time, causing severe cerebral ischemia, and not to oppress the trachea in a hurry, causing respiratory obstruction.
(2) Shoulder and upper limb bleeding:
Compression of subclavian artery-in the supraclavicular fossa, pressing on the first rib can stop bleeding in the shoulders, armpits and upper limbs.
Compression of brachial artery-After the biceps sulcus bone touches the pulse, it is pressed on the humerus to stop bleeding from the forearm and hand at the lower end of the upper limb.
(3) Lower limb bleeding:
Compression of femoral artery-at the midpoint of inguinal ligament, pressing hard on femur can cause bleeding of upper and lower limbs.
Let's continue to introduce two other hemostasis methods:
First of all, I'll introduce dressing to stop bleeding. This method can generally be used without obvious arterial bleeding. If it is a small wound bleeding, if the fishing boat is equipped with normal saline, sterile gauze and other materials, the local area can be washed with normal saline first, then the wound is covered with sterile gauze, and bandaged with bandages or triangular towels; If the above-mentioned first-aid supplies are not prepared on the fishing boat, they can be washed with cold boiled water, and then covered and bandaged with clean towels or other soft cloth. If the wound is large and there is more bleeding, it should be bandaged with pressure to stop bleeding. What needs to be reminded here is that the dressing intensity should be moderate, and the distal artery can be touched after dressing, and the skin color has no obvious change.
When there is a lot of bleeding in the arteries of limbs, in order to transport the wounded conveniently, rubber bands, wide strips of cloth, triangular towels and towels can be used as tourniquets to stop bleeding. Specifically, if the upper limb bleeds, the tourniquet should be tied to the upper and lower parts of the upper arm, and it is forbidden to tie it to the middle part of the upper arm to avoid damaging the radial nerve; If the lower limbs bleed: the tourniquet can be stuck in the middle of the thigh. Before tying tourniquet, the injured limb should be raised to make venous blood return as much as possible, and soft material should be put on the binding part before tying tourniquet.
The use of tourniquet must be correct. If it is tied too tightly for too long, it will cause soft tissue compression and necrosis, blood supply disorder at the distal end of the limb, muscle atrophy and even crush syndrome. If the ligation is not tight, there is still blood flow at the distal end of the artery, and the venous return is completely blocked, which will cause more bleeding in the wound. In addition, you need to relax every half an hour or an hour after putting on a tourniquet, and then put it on after relaxing for 3-5 minutes. When loosening the tourniquet, you can temporarily press your fingers to stop bleeding. After tying the tourniquet, you can make an obvious sign to indicate the place and time of tying the tourniquet, so as not to forget to relax regularly and cause limb ischemia for too long and necrosis.
These are just the tip of the iceberg. Everyone should read more news and books. Listen to experienced people and accumulate more experience.