Chlorine dioxide can also be used for bleaching. For example, chlorine dioxide can be used in textiles and paper products instead of chlorine dioxide.
Chlorine dioxide is mainly used for disinfection of tap water and bleaching of flour and wood pulp.
It can effectively combat cysts and oocysts caused by viruses, bacteria and protozoa including Giardia and Cryptosporidium.
From 1956 in Brussels, Belgium, the disinfectant of tap water was changed from chlorine to chlorine dioxide, which was widely used.
After Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, chlorine dioxide was used to remove dangerous molds from flooded houses. On March 6th, 2006, the government of China also declared chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant for tap water.
1. Sterilization and disinfection
(1) Chlorine dioxide for disinfecting drinking water is a very effective water purifier for purifying drinking water, including good deodorization and decoloration ability, high-efficiency sterilization and virus killing ability at low concentration. Chlorine dioxide is used for disinfection of water. When its concentration is 0.5 ~ 1mg/L, it can kill 99% bacteria in water within 1min. The bactericidal effect is 10 times that of chlorine, 2 times that of sodium hypochlorite, 3 times that of chlorine and 1.9 times that of ozone. Chlorine dioxide has the characteristics of fast sterilization speed, wide pH range (6- 10), unaffected by water hardness and salt content, long sterilization time, effective elimination of protozoa, spores, molds, algae and biofilm, no production of chlorophenol and trihalomethanes, and oxidation of various organic compounds, thus reducing the toxicity and mutagenicity of water.
⑵ Disinfected air contains a lot of pathogenic bacteria, especially the air in restaurants and food processing plants. The types and quantities of microorganisms are numerous and complex. Ultraviolet sterilization is widely used in these microorganisms, but due to the high relative humidity of indoor air, the ultraviolet sterilization effect is not ideal. Chlorine dioxide preparation has strong bactericidal ability, fast decomposition and no residue, which is very suitable for air spray disinfection in catering industry and food processing industry. In addition, spring and autumn are the seasons with frequent infectious diseases such as colds and tracheitis. Chlorine dioxide can be used for environmental disinfection, which can not only kill pathogenic microorganisms, but also eliminate odor and purify the air. Therefore, chlorine dioxide is an ideal environmental disinfectant to prevent SARS.
(3) Disinfection of kitchen utensils and food machinery and equipment. Such as kitchen utensils, food machinery and equipment, containers, etc. Incomplete disinfection can easily pollute food and lead to food poisoning. Disinfect kitchen utensils, food machinery and equipment, containers and so on with chlorine dioxide. , can kill Escherichia coli, golden grape balls, etc.
(4) In the medical field, chlorine dioxide can effectively control gingivitis, dental plaque bacteria and bad breath when used for oral gargle, and can prevent many diseases when used for sitz bath or washing, and so on. 1998 during the flood fighting and disaster relief, the soldiers used chlorine dioxide disinfectant to wash their faces, sit in the bath, wipe their bodies, soak their feet and soak their underwear. Its magical function has been verified again. Practice has proved that chlorine dioxide has a good effect on the prevention and treatment of pinkeye, dermatosis and deodorization.
5. Disinfection of aquaculture and livestock breeding: chlorine dioxide aquaculture agent can be used to treat bacterial and viral diseases such as fish, shrimp, crab, turtle and frog. Used for red skin, rotten cheeks, hemorrhagic septicemia, enteritis, rotten tail, water mold, etc. of carp, grass carp, eel and tilapia; Shrimp virus disease, black gill disease, white stripe disease, printing disease, etc. Crabs have rotten cheeks, edema, enteritis, landing, trembling and so on. Turtle rot, red and white floor disease, hemorrhagic disease, perforation disease, etc. ; Frog skin diseases, eye diseases and other diseases have unique effects, which can remove odor from water, improve water quality and increase oxygen content in water.
Sterilization effect: chlorine dioxide is a broad-spectrum and efficient disinfectant. Many foreign research results show that chlorine dioxide can kill many pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at a very low concentration (0. 1ppm). Even under the interference of organic matter, the concentration of tens of ppm can completely kill all microorganisms such as bacterial propagules, hepatitis viruses, phages and bacterial spores.
Application history of chlorine dioxide disinfectant
The use of chemical disinfectants for disinfection by human beings began in the19th century. 1820 after the first generation of chemical disinfectant bleaching powder came out, it was mainly used to disinfect drinking water and treat infected wounds, and achieved good results, opening up the first milestone of chemical disinfection. Since then, people have discovered the second generation disinfectant ethylene oxide and the third generation disinfectant glutaraldehyde. A long-lost new generation of highly effective chemical disinfectants has finally come out, called chlorine dioxide, the fourth generation disinfectant. Chlorine dioxide was born in 18 1 1 year, and it was not used for sterilization in earlier years. It was not until the industrial production of sodium hypochlorite was around 1940 that people began to use it on a large scale. Niagara Falls in the United States took the lead in treating drinking water from 65438 to 0940, and achieved good results, and then quickly spread to the whole world. It is found that when drinking water is disinfected with chlorine, the organic matter in the water will react with chlorine to generate organochlorine compounds, which will accumulate in the human body to produce chronic cumulative poisoning and induce cancer. The World Environmental Protection Union is about to completely ban the use of chlorine to disinfect drinking water. It is suggested that chlorine dioxide, a widely used and highly oxidizing disinfectant, be used to disinfect drinking water. Chlorine dioxide has been listed as a class A disinfectant by the United Nations Health Organization (WHO).
The application of chlorine dioxide disinfection technology in China began in the 1980s. 1987, approved by Guangdong health supervision department, can be used for food disinfection, preservation and disinfection of food equipment and utensils. 1990 approved by Shanghai health administrative department, it can be used for water treatment, food processing, aquaculture and deodorization. The Ministry of Health of China also explicitly proposed before 2000 that chlorine dioxide should be gradually used to disinfect drinking water instead of chlorine. Chlorine dioxide is also listed as an important chlorine-containing disinfectant to prevent SARS.
Comparison of disinfectants
The following table lists the comparison between chlorine dioxide disinfectant and other commonly used disinfectants: performance chlorine dioxide preparation quaternary ammonium peracetic acid can kill all microorganisms, including bacterial spores, kill all bacterial propagules, kill spores at high concentration, kill most bacterial propagules, and kill all microorganisms without effect on spores and phage. Including common spore concentrations of 30-200 ppm, 250- 1500 ppm, 1000-5000 ppm, 2000-20000 ppm, toxic, nontoxic, toxic, low-toxic, low-toxic, with or without organic interference, small, small, large, Small corrosive stainless steel has no corrosive metal, strong corrosive metal, strong corrosive skin, no sensitization, no residue, no odor, slight chlorine dioxide, strong chlorine and strong acetic acid, and the use cost is low. Expensive, high stability and instability, easy to decompose, stable and unstable, flammable and explosive drug resistance, 2. preserve
(1) Preservation of food Chlorine dioxide is a non-toxic disinfectant, which can be directly used for sterilization and preservation of fruits, vegetables and meat. Soaking fruits and vegetables in chlorine dioxide solution for a while can not only kill microorganisms, but also do not react with fatty acids, do not damage the fiber tissue of vegetables, and do not harm the taste and nutrition of fruits and vegetables, and do not need to be washed with clear water. In the field of circulation, some fruits and vegetables that are not suitable for washing can be packed with solid chlorine dioxide, which can release chlorine dioxide slowly for a long time, not only sterilizing, but also keeping fresh. Soaking fish, chicken and poultry in chlorine dioxide solution can not only eliminate the fishy smell, but also effectively control the growth of microorganisms, prolong the shelf life and keep delicious. Treating poultry eggs with chlorine dioxide has a good preservation effect and does not affect the hatching of eggs.
(2) Deodorizing and deodorizing chlorine dioxide can react with sulfur-containing compounds in air and iron-manganese compounds in water, but not with ammonia, so it can eliminate the odor in air and water. Scrubbing the refrigerator with chlorine dioxide solution can achieve the effect of eliminating odor. Chlorine dioxide solution can be sprayed in the bathroom, which can quickly remove odor.
Chlorine dioxide has been applied in almost all fields requiring sterilization and disinfection in developed countries. In China, although the application of chlorine dioxide has just started, it is reasonable to believe that in the near future, chlorine dioxide will definitely become an indispensable commodity in production and life, with an infinitely broad development prospect.
bleach
(1) Textiles are used to bleach natural fibers, such as cotton yarn and hemp.
⑵ Bleaching pulp to improve whiteness.
(3) Bleaching of edible fungi, bamboo shoots and other foods; Disinfection of domestic water, drinking water and tap water in various occasions; Disinfection of tableware and sanitary facilities in hotels, families and stalls; Disinfection of equipment, pipelines and containers in air environment; Disinfection of pipelines, facilities and environment in dairy factories and slaughterhouses; Disinfection of hospital sewage; Sterilization and disinfection of swimming pool circulating water and bathing water, medical treatment, sanitation, disinfection of clinical instruments, sterilization, deodorization and mildew prevention, sterilization and preservation of families, hotels, restaurants, fruits and vegetables, fish food, and final rinsing and disinfection of sanitary instruments; The secondary disinfection treatment of high-rise building water supply is equipped with various oral disinfectants, deodorizing liquids and wound cleaning liquids to clean, disinfect and deodorize the air in public places and air conditioning and ventilation systems. Disinfection of articles of sick families and patients, disinfection of livestock farms and drinking water, prevention and treatment of fish and shrimp diseases, disinfection of pool water, etc. Sterilization, disinfection and preservation of edible fungi production; Control of mixed bacteria and Escherichia coli pollution in fish and shrimp processing; Sterilization and deodorization of water reuse in cocoon breeding equipment sterilization; Bleach for flour and various foods; Algae removal and sterilization treatment of industrial cooling circulating water in printing and dyeing industry; Deactivation of sulfate-reducing bacteria in oil pipeline: cyanide-breaking treatment of electroplating cyanide-containing wastewater: phenolization treatment of phenol-containing wastewater; Decolorization treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater: oxidation treatment of various industrial sewage and malodorous gases; And environmental protection equipment auxiliary agent. Legal provisions on the scope of use of chlorine dioxide in various countries
Impact time: the scope of use approved by the national organization 1992 WHO drinking water disinfection 1987 German drinking water disinfection 1985 US FDA food processing equipment disinfection 1987 US EPA food processing plants, breweries and restaurants environmental disinfection.
Sterilization and mildew prevention of hard surface instruments in hospitals and laboratories 1989 US EPA water storage disinfection; Disinfection and deodorization of poultry, pigs, dog pens and other animal living places. 1988 disinfection of drinking water in Japanese food hygiene department 1987 food additive No.926 of Australian health department, food bleach 1987 food industry, medical treatment, pharmacy, animal husbandry,
Sterilization of aquaculture, public environment, etc. 1996 China Ministry of Health's 2002 aquatic products and fresh-keeping food additives for fruits and vegetables. The chlorine dioxide in the food processing equipment, pipelines and process instruments of the US FDA and the China Ministry of Health's 2005 disinfection and stability disinfectant for drinking water exists especially in the form of chlorite, and the chlorine dioxide with bactericidal effect can only be released after being activated by an activator. The bactericidal ability is similar to that of pure chlorine dioxide disinfectant. The release rate of chlorine dioxide disinfectant has a certain relationship with pH value, which is faster under acidic conditions, and the pH value is greater than: at 5.0, the release rate of chlorine dioxide disinfectant is slower, the activation is incomplete, and the bactericidal effect is weak.
With the increase of chlorine dioxide disinfectant concentration, the sterilization effect is enhanced. Using 500ppm chlorine dioxide disinfectant to kill Candida albicans for 65438 0 minutes, the killing rate reached 65438 000%. When 250ppm is used, the reaction time is 65438±00min, which can reach 99.99%.
With the increase of temperature, the sterilization effect is enhanced. Using 0.8 mg/L chlorine dioxide disinfectant to kill 99% poliovirus, 6.8 minutes at 5℃, 65,438 0.7 minutes at 25℃ and 65,438 0.5 minutes at 25℃.
Organic matter has obvious influence on the germicidal efficacy of chlorine dioxide disinfectant. 2% yeast was added to the bacterial liquid used in the experiment, and then chlorine dioxide disinfectant was used for sterilization test. The results showed that 1005min could only kill 99.99% of Escherichia coli, while without yeast, it only took 5min to kill it all.
Chlorine dioxide is unique in sterilization and deodorization.