1. Ocean disposal
Ocean disposal is mainly divided into two methods: ocean dumping and ocean incineration. As people's understanding of the importance of protecting the environment and ecology deepens and overall environmental awareness increases, ocean disposal has been subject to more and more restrictions.
2. Land disposal
Land disposal includes land cultivation, engineering library or storage tank storage, landfill and deep well injection. Among them, landfill method is one of the most commonly used methods.
Agricultural use: a method of disposing of solid waste by utilizing comprehensive mechanisms such as ion exchange, adsorption, microbial degradation of surface soil, leaching of leachate water, and volatilization of degradation products. This technology has the advantages of simple process, reasonable cost, easy maintenance of equipment, little impact on the environment, can improve soil structure, increase fertilizer efficiency, etc. It is mainly used to dispose of solid waste with low salt content, no toxicants, and biodegradable.
For example, the application of sludge and fly ash to farmland has attracted attention as a treatment method. Production practice and scientific research work have proven that applying sludge and fly ash to farmland can fertilize the field, improve the soil and increase production.
Landfill disposal: It is a final disposal technology developed from traditional stacking and landfill disposal. Because of its simple process, low cost, and suitable for disposing of many types of waste, it has become a main method for disposing of solid waste.
There are many types of landfill disposal, and they use different names. According to the topographic characteristics of landfill, it can be divided into mountain landfill, flat landfill and waste mine pit landfill; according to the state of the landfill, it can be divided into anaerobic landfill, aerobic landfill and quasi-aerobic landfill; according to the law, it can It is divided into sanitary landfill and safe landfill. The landfill structure and performance vary depending on the type of landfill.
Landfill mainly includes: waste dam, rainwater collection and drainage system (leached liquid collection and drainage system, leachate treatment system), released gas treatment system, entrance management facilities, entrance roads, and environmental monitoring system , scatter prevention facilities, disaster prevention facilities, management offices, isolation facilities, etc.
Sanitary landfill is suitable for the disposal of general solid waste. Using sanitary landfill to dispose of municipal waste is not only simple to operate, easy to construct, and low-cost, but can also recover methane gas at the same time, and is widely used at home and abroad. During the process of selecting, designing, constructing, operating and closing the sanitary landfill site, we should focus on the prevention of leachate leakage, control of the release of degradation gases, elimination of odors and pathogenic bacteria, and development and utilization of the site. question.
Deep well injection disposal: This refers to injecting liquid into permeable rock formations underground that are separated from drinking water and mineral veins. General waste and hazardous waste can be disposed of by deep well injection. But it is mainly used to dispose of wastes that have proven difficult to destroy, difficult to transform, cannot be treated by other methods, or are expensive to use other methods. Before deep well perfusion disposal, the waste needs to be liquefied to form a true solution or emulsion.
The planning, design, construction and operation of the deep well injection disposal system mainly include waste pretreatment, site selection, well drilling and construction. and environmental monitoring and several other stages. ?
3. Crushing methods
The crushing methods of solid waste can be divided into three types: dry, wet and semi-wet crushing. Among them, wet crushing and semi-wet crushing are processes that combine classification and sorting during crushing. Dry crushing is commonly referred to as crushing and can be divided into two methods: mechanical energy crushing and non-mechanical energy crushing.
Causes of production
1. Industrial solid waste
Various waste residues, sludge, and dust generated during industrial production and processing and discharged into the environment wait. If industrial solid waste is not safely processed and disposed in strict accordance with environmental protection standards, it will cause serious pollution to land resources and water resources.
2. Hazardous solid waste
Hazardous solid waste refers specifically to hazardous waste, which is flammable, corrosive, reactive, infectious, toxic, radioactive and other characteristics that are generated from various sources. Manufacturing enterprises with hazardous waste products.
Judging from the characteristics of hazardous waste, it poses a huge potential hazard to human health and environmental protection.
If it causes or contributes to an increase in mortality, or an increase in the incidence of serious diseases, or if not managed properly it can cause serious emergencies to human health or the environment. Immediate or potential harm, etc.
3. Medical waste
Refers to waste that is directly or indirectly infectious, toxic and other harmful that is generated by medical and health institutions during medical treatment, prevention, health care and other related activities. There are five main categories: infectious waste, pathological waste, damaging waste, pharmaceutical waste, and chemical waste.
4. Municipal domestic waste
Urban domestic waste refers to solid waste generated in daily life in the city or in activities that provide services to daily life in the city. Including organic categories: melon and fruit peels, leftovers, inorganic categories: waste paper, beverage cans, scrap metal, etc., and harmful categories: such as waste batteries, fluorescent lamps, expired medicines, etc.
Reference for the above content: Baidu Encyclopedia - Solid Waste, Baidu Encyclopedia - Solid Waste Pollution