Walter ·H2O
Carbon monoxide company
Carbon dioxide CO2
phosphorus pentoxide
sodium oxide
Nitrogen dioxide NO2
silicon dioxide
sulphur dioxide
Sulfur trioxide SO3
Nitric oxide NO
Magnesium oxide MgO
Copper oxide CuO
Barium oxide package
Cuprous oxide Cu2O
ferrous oxide
iron trioxide
Ferroferric oxide Fe3O4
aluminium oxide
Tungsten trioxide WO3
Silver oxide Ag2O
litharge
manganese dioxide
Na2O K2O calcium oxide magnesium oxide aluminum oxide zinc oxide iron oxide ferric oxide copper oxide cuprous oxide
Sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, ferrous oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide and cuprous oxide.
The highest valence oxide of the element corresponds to the chemical formula of hydrate, and if it is a metal element, it is the corresponding alkali; If it is a nonmetallic element, it is the corresponding oxyacid!
For example, the highest valence oxide of S element corresponds to hydrate, which is H2SO4!
Therefore, the chemical formula of hydrate corresponding to the highest valence oxide of sodium element is NaOH.
Sodium, atomic number 1 1 and atomic weight 22.99768, is the most common alkali metal element.
Sodium is a soft metal with silvery luster, which can be easily cut with a knife.
The melting point is 97.865438 0℃, the boiling point is 882.9℃, and the density is 0.97 g/cm3. Usually kept in kerosene.
Sodium is an active metal.
Sodium reacts violently with water to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen.
Sodium can also form alloys with metals such as potassium, tin and antimony.
Metal sodium reacts with mercury to produce amalgam, which is an active reducing agent and is more suitable than pure sodium in many cases.
Sodium ions can make the flame yellow and can be used to detect the presence of sodium sensitively.
oxide
Walter ·H2O
Carbon monoxide company
Carbon dioxide CO2
phosphorus pentoxide
sodium oxide
Nitrogen dioxide NO2
silicon dioxide
sulphur dioxide
Sulfur trioxide SO3
Nitric oxide NO
Magnesium oxide MgO
Copper oxide CuO
Barium oxide package
Cuprous oxide Cu2O
ferrous oxide
iron trioxide
Ferroferric oxide Fe3O4
aluminium oxide
Tungsten trioxide WO3
Silver oxide Ag2O
litharge
manganese dioxide
I. Chemical formula and naming method of simple substance
Simple substances that are solid at room temperature are generally represented by element symbols. The names of element symbols are the names of simple substances, such as carbon -C, sulfur -S, phosphorus -P, sodium -Na, copper -Cu, magnesium -Mg and iron -Fe, but iodine is I2.
Rare gases are represented by element symbols, and the name of the element symbol is the name of the element. The word "gas" can also be added after the element name, such as helium (gas) -He, neon (gas) -Ne, argon (gas) -Ar, etc.
The elemental substances of other gases are generally named by the element symbol and the subscript 2 on the right. Add a word "gas" to the name of the element symbol, such as oxygen -O2, hydrogen -H2, chlorine -—Cl2 and nitrogen -N2.
Two. Chemical formula and nomenclature of oxides
In the chemical formula of oxides, the symbol of oxygen is written on the right, and the symbol of another element is written on the left, that is, "read first, then write, read first" is generally called "oxide", such as "copper oxide". After reading "copper", the symbol of copper is written first, and then the symbol of oxygen is written, so copper oxide. On the contrary, the name of MgO is "magnesium oxide" and the name of CaO is "calcium oxide".
Some slightly complex oxides or oxides of multivalent elements are generally called "several oxides", that is, several oxygen atoms in the chemical formula are called "several oxides" and several atoms in another element are called "several". For example, Fe3O4 is called "ferroferric oxide" and P2O5 is called "phosphorus pentoxide". If the atomic number of another element is 65438,
Note: The above are only the main rules, and some substances have specific naming methods and rules. Please refer to the table 1— 1 to remember the names and chemical formulas of common elements, oxides, acids, bases and salts.
Three. Chemical formula and naming method of acid
There are few kinds of inorganic acids required to master in middle school chemistry. Please refer to the table1-1and remember their chemical formulas.
Four. Chemical formula and naming method of alkali
The base is usually a metal hydroxide. When writing a chemical formula, first write the symbol of the metal element, then write the hydroxyl group (OH), and read it as "hydroxide", such as sodium hydroxide, whose chemical formula is NaOH, and the name of Mg(OH)2 is magnesium hydroxide.
Description: The name of NH3 is ammonia, also called ammonia gas. Because it is soluble in water, NH3 H2O (ammonia monohydrate) is produced. NH3·H2O can be ionized to generate OH? And make the aqueous solution alkaline. In the table 1- 1, NH3 is filled in the column of alkali for simplicity, but it is not alkali.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Chemical formula and naming method of salt
Salts formed by anaerobic acids (such as hydrochloric acid) are called "chlorides", such as NaCl called sodium chloride, FeCl2 called ferrous chloride and FeCl3 ferric chloride.
Salts formed by oxyacids (such as sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, nitric acid, etc.). ) are called "some kind of acid", for example, Na2SO4 is called sodium sulfate and Na2CO3 is called sodium carbonate. Note that the acid salt formed by oxygen-containing acid is called "some acid hydrogen", for example, NaHCO3 is called sodium bicarbonate. There are some special salts that are rarely seen in middle schools, so I won't mention them.