In the 21st century, scientific and technological issues will become more and more prominent, requiring the majority of scientific and technological workers to establish the ambition to be the first in the world, face problems head-on, overcome difficulties, rise to the occasion, and dare to explore science." "No Man's Land", have the courage to challenge the most cutting-edge scientific issues, strive to become a leader in important scientific and technological fields, a pioneer in emerging frontier cross-fields, and seize the commanding heights of the world's scientific and technological development.
Problems and countermeasures in technological innovation:
1. Problems:
1. Lack of innovative talents. Technological innovation craves leaders. A leader can lead the scientific research team to reach the commanding heights and know how to successfully transform scientific research results into productivity; a leader can lead the enterprise on the road of independent innovation. Such top talents not only understand technology but also are familiar with industrial operations.
2. From the perspective of investment, government departments are continuously increasing investment in scientific and technological innovation, but enterprises are not enthusiastic enough to invest in scientific and technological innovation. The limited investment targets are not focused enough.
3. In innovation-related markets, the flow of information is not active enough. On this platform, universities and scientific research institutes should demonstrate their capabilities; companies should actively put forward their needs for scientific and technological research and development. At present, universities and scientific research institutes are highly motivated to seek cooperation, but many companies are not very aware of this aspect.
4. The status of enterprises as the main body of technological innovation is not yet prominent. Many companies are short-sighted and lack motivation for innovation. Some companies do not pay attention to the reservation of research and development expenses in their annual budgets. Some companies count on government funding when engaging in industry-university-research projects.
2. Reasons:
1. For a long time, our universities, research institutes, and enterprises have been operating on different tracks, and not many of them can be deeply integrated.
2. Problems in institutional arrangements such as the protection of intellectual property rights, the flow of technical talents, and the clarity of corporate property rights have inhibited the development of innovative activities to a considerable extent.
3. Enterprises have not become the main body of innovation. Most of the subjects of patented inventions in our country are scientific research institutes and individuals. They cannot solely bear the investment in scientific and technological inventions, nor can they afford some of the supply and marketing of scientific and technological inventions. But on the other hand, there are probably more than 80 companies in our country that do not have their own patents. The misalignment of scientific research institutes, individuals and companies is an important reason why a large number of patents cannot be transformed. Many people say that Chinese people are smart, and there are indeed many ingenious and talented people among the people. However, if enterprises are not allowed to truly play the leading role in innovation and the innovation mechanism cannot be truly implemented, then no matter how strong the people's innovation power is, they will not be able to achieve success. There is no way to translate it into national creativity.
3. Countermeasures:
1. Independent innovation must focus on patent applications, especially invention patents, and compete with foreign countries on the high platform of intellectual property rights. It is necessary to further encourage invention, creation, and innovation to make intellectual property rights an important means of promoting national economic development. Only in this way can we formulate scientific intellectual property strategies and policies and straighten out the management systems and mechanisms of intellectual property. 2. Carry out "innovative" education system reform. Among the basic conditions for scientific and technological innovation, the most important one is probably the education system. China's traditional education system focuses on imparting knowledge, which is too thick and lacks vitality. In a sense, it is not conducive to the formation of creative abilities. China's education has many areas that need to be developed and reformed in terms of curriculum, teaching methods, and assessment methods.
3. The government must provide effective institutional support. The state's institutional support for independent scientific and technological innovation should be comprehensive and effective. For example, an effective project evaluation and financial support system; a government procurement system that is conducive to independent innovation; a wise industrial policy; a reasonable intellectual property system; a social financing system that is conducive to technology entrepreneurship; the government provides special funds for enterprises Carry out the construction of independent brands and provide corresponding support in R&D and independent innovation; provide income tax credits or refunds to enterprises for domestic and foreign R&D investments; set up R&D and brand risk funds, and the government and enterprises will bear the risks; improve science and technology funding management system, strengthen supervision of funds, and improve transparency.
4. Cultivate intermediaries related to innovation.
To better transform scientific research results into productivity, it is necessary to improve the quality of technology transfer services and form a service system composed of a group of intermediaries, evaluation agencies, law firms, and high-quality technology brokers. It is necessary to strengthen the design of incentive policies to support the rapid growth of these technical service institutions and employees, for example, allowing some scientific and technological service institutions to enjoy the same policies as high-tech enterprises.
5. Promote cooperation among schools, research institutes, and enterprises in cultivating innovative talents, encourage joint training of graduate students, and promote the flow of personnel among the three parties.
6. It is necessary to establish guidance and restraint mechanisms to stimulate enterprises to increase investment in research and development, give full play to the leading role of enterprises in integrating the innovation resources of the whole society, and then increase the overall intensity of innovation activities in the whole society.
7. Government departments will continue to increase investment in scientific and technological innovation, focusing on projects that are public welfare, basic, and forward-looking.
8. Create a good cultural environment. For example, there is a social atmosphere that respects knowledge and talents; there is a social atmosphere that loves science; there are academic upbringing and norms that allow a hundred flowers to bloom, a hundred schools of thought to contend, the pursuit of truth, and seeking truth from facts; praise for the spirit of innovation, permission for failure, and incentives for innovative achievements.