Integrated circuit is the foundation of manufacturing industry, especially information technology security. The analysis report of China Integrated Circuit Industry Market Demand Forecast and Investment Strategic Planning by Forward-looking Industry Research Institute points out that China's integrated circuit industry started late, and there are some problems, such as weak continuous innovation ability of integrated circuit design and manufacturing enterprises, lack of core technologies and still heavy dependence on imports, which is significantly different from the international advanced level. From the point of view of national security, only by realizing the localization of the underlying integrated circuits can we effectively guarantee China's information security. Therefore, "Made in China 2025" was released in the State Council, giving priority to integrated circuits and developing a new generation of information technology industry. With the arrival of the golden age of semiconductor industry in China, the scale of key enterprises has maintained rapid growth.
Among many emerging sub-sectors in the electronics industry, integrated circuits, Beidou industry, sensors, smart homes and LEDs are expected to stand out in this round of upgrading and transformation. From the previous 100 billion support plan to the recent Made in China 2025, China's semiconductor industry is facing unprecedented development opportunities. Only by grasping this time window can we redefine the global market structure.
Significance of integrated circuit technology and industry to China manufacturing industry
Integrated circuit is the "grain" of industry, and its technical level and development scale have become one of the important symbols to measure a country's industrial competitiveness and comprehensive national strength, and it is also an important technical and industrial support to realize manufacturing in China. After the international financial crisis, developed countries stepped up the strategic adjustment of economic structure, and the strategic, basic and leading position of integrated circuit industry was further highlighted. The United States even regards it as the first of the four major technical fields to fundamentally transform manufacturing in the next 20 years.
The development of integrated circuit industry is not only the internal driving force of information technology industry and even industrial transformation and upgrading, but also the external pressure of fierce market competition. China's information technology industry ranks first in the world for many years. In 20 14 years, the industrial scale reached 14 trillion yuan, with mobile phones 163 billion, computers 350 million and color TVs 1400 million, accounting for more than 50% of the global output, but mainly the whole machine manufacturing. Due to the lack of core links of value chain with integrated circuits and software as the core, the average profit rate of electronic information manufacturing industry is only 4.9%, which is lower than the industrial average 1 percentage point. At present, China's integrated circuit industry is still very weak, far from supporting national economic and social development, national information security and national defense security construction. In 20 14 years, China imported 217.6 billion USD of integrated circuits, ranking first with oil for many years. Accelerating the development of integrated circuit industry is of great strategic significance for accelerating industrial transformation and upgrading and realizing the strategic goal of "Made in China 2025".
Development Status of Integrated Circuit Industry in China
After more than 30 years of reform and opening up, especially since the State Council issued "Several Policies to Encourage the Development of Software Industry and Integrated Circuit Industry" in 2000, China's integrated circuit market and industrial scale have achieved rapid growth. In terms of market scale, in 20 14, the scale of China's integrated circuit market broke through the trillion mark for the first time, reaching 10393 billion yuan, up by 13.4% year-on-year, accounting for about the global market share.
50%。 In terms of industrial scale, the sales of integrated circuit industry in China in 20 14 was 3 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 23.8% from 200/kloc-0 to 20 14.
The technical strength has been significantly enhanced. The gap between SOC design capability and international advanced level is gradually narrowing. Seven 12 inch production lines have been built, and the highest level of mass production technology of local enterprises has reached 40 nm, realizing trial production of 28 nm process. Integrated circuit packaging technology is close to the international advanced level. Some key equipment and materials have been adopted by production lines at home and abroad from scratch. The ion implanter, etching machine and sputtering target enter an 8-inch or 12-inch production line.
A number of key enterprises with international competitiveness have emerged. In 20 14 years, Haisi has entered the top ten threshold of global design enterprises. According to the data, China design enterprises 20 14.
In 2000, it occupied 9 seats in the top 50 design enterprises in the world. SMIC, the fifth largest chipmaker in the world, has been profitable for three consecutive years. Changdian Technology ranks the sixth largest packaging and testing enterprise in the world, and is expected to enter the top three in the world after completing the acquisition of Xingke Jin Peng.
The problems and bottlenecks that restrict industrial development are still outstanding.
Mainly manifested in:
First, the accumulation of industrial innovation factors is insufficient. Lack of leading talents, unstable enterprise technology and management team; Enterprises are small and weak. The income of more than 500 IC design enterprises is only about 60-70% of that of Qualcomm, and the investment of R&D in the whole industry is less than that of Intel. There are few industrial core patents, and the layout and structure of intellectual property rights are outstanding.
Second, the advantages of domestic demand market have not been fully exerted. Chip design is not closely integrated with the rapidly changing market demand, so it is difficult to enter the high-end market in the field of complete machines. In order to build a vertically integrated industrial ecosystem among multinational companies, domestic enterprises can only adopt passive following strategy.
Third, the collaborative pattern of "chip-software-whole machine-system-information service" industry chain has not yet been formed. Most of the high-end products of chip design enterprises are manufactured overseas, and there is no cooperative development model with domestic integrated circuit manufacturing enterprises. The mass production technology of manufacturing enterprises lags behind the international mainstream for two generations, and the key equipment and materials basically rely on imports.
Opportunities and Challenges Faced by the Development of Integrated Circuit Industry in China
At present, the global integrated circuit industry has entered a period of deep adjustment and change, which not only brings challenges, but also provides a rare opportunity to catch up. From the perspective of external challenges, leading international integrated circuit enterprises have accelerated the research and development of advanced technologies and processes, promoted industry integration and reorganization, and strengthened the control of core links. Many fields have formed a monopoly situation of 2-3 enterprises.
From the perspective of development opportunities, the accelerated adjustment of market structure and the explosive growth of mobile intelligent terminals have become the new driving force for the development of integrated circuit industry. The industrial structure is reshaping. The industrial changes triggered by new formats such as cloud computing, Internet of Things and big data have just emerged. The industrial rules, development path and international pattern based on integrated circuits and software have not yet been finally formed.
The development of integrated circuit technology presents a new trend, the manufacturing process is approaching the physical limit, and new structures, new materials and new devices are gestating major breakthroughs. In addition, with the continuous upgrading of the information consumption market and the acceleration of the construction of information infrastructure such as 4G networks, China, as the largest and fastest-growing integrated circuit market in the world, continues to maintain vigorous vitality. It is estimated that the market scale will reach 1.2 trillion yuan in 20 15 years, which provides favorable conditions for China's integrated circuit industry to achieve "overtaking in corners".