Daylily grows and distributes in Northeast my country, North China and the eastern part of northwest China. It has strong adaptability to soil, grows vigorously in loose soil on plains, is intolerant to waterlogging, and is also suitable for growing on hillsides, grasslands and forests.
1. Picking:
Picking time: The picking period of daylilies starts from late June to early August, which lasts for one and a half months. During the picking period, picking should be done before 11 a.m. every day.
The picking standard is too early, the flower buds are not long, the weight is light, the yield is low, the slivers are thin and brown after steaming, and the quality is poor. If the flower buds are picked late, they will crack or open. After drying, not only the yield will be low, but the quality will also be poor. Therefore, the flower buds suitable for picking will appear large and plump in appearance, have a loose texture, have cracked mouths, and are yellow in color.
2. Hot steaming:
Picked flowers should be processed in time. First, it is steamed over high heat to denature the enzymes and inhibit their activity. If left for too long, the flower buds will convert nutrients under the action of enzymes and gradually open when the temperature is suitable, which will affect the drying quality. Thermal steaming treatment is a key step in drying daylily.
Before steaming, the raw materials should be selected, impurities should be removed, and flowers that have opened should be selected. Place the selected flowers on the drawer, boil the water over high heat first, and then quickly put them in the cage. When the steam comes out, switch to slow fire and steam for more than ten minutes before taking them out of the cage.
The degree of heat steaming is generally controlled when the flower buds are about five years old. Artificial drying can be slightly less mature than natural drying. It is required that the flower buds emerging from the cage are yellow and bright, light yellow but not green. After being released from the cage, the stacking thickness is 1/3 less than when stacking fresh vegetables. It is slightly soft but tough when pinched by hand. When picking up the middle of the bud with chopsticks, the two ends are slightly bent downwards. After hot steaming, the slightly undercooked yellow flowers can be quickly picked out and placed in a container to be tightly covered. Use the residual heat to make them meet the requirements; if they are still undercooked, they can be picked out and steamed again.
After steaming, it can be placed in a ventilated and shaded place to cool naturally. If conditions permit, the yellow flowers can be cooled out of the pot without tipping over. Let them cool and dry for about 3-4 hours before switching to drying.
3. Drying and dehydration:
The natural dehydration method requires setting up a stand in an open area, and then placing the cooled daylily on a bamboo curtain, mat foil or drying plate. , spread evenly and let the sun expose it. In order to make the daylilies even in color from top to bottom and speed up dehydration and drying, use an empty plate to turn them over.
Pay attention to the weather forecast when exposing yourself to the sun, and remember to protect yourself from rain. Mold is likely to form on cloudy days, so take it back at night. It takes 2-3 sunny days to dry.
Artificial dehydration and drying can be completed using an air energy heat pump drying system. Place the baking tray (5kg/square) into a drying room at 80 degrees Celsius. Since daylily absorbs a lot of heat, the temperature in the drying room will drop to 60-65℃. Keep this temperature for 10-12 hours, and then naturally cool down to 50℃. until dry. Pay attention to moisture removal during drying and keep the humidity below 60%. The dehydrated vegetables can be held firmly without becoming brittle, and can naturally spread out with elasticity after being released without sticking to each other.
4. Sulfur fumigation:
Dehydrated and dried daylilies need to be fumigated with sulfur to prevent mold and insects.
Before sulfur fumigation, selection should be made according to product quality requirements. After picking out unqualified flowers, spray some water to restore moisture. Then place it on the drying plate and then place it on the rack in the sulfur fumigation room. First put the red-hot iron plate or charcoal into the center of the sulfur fumigation chamber, then sprinkle sulfur powder on it to fully burn it and produce smoke, and then seal the doors and windows.
The amount of sulfur fumigation is 30-40 grams of sulfur for 10 kilograms of daylilies, and the sulfur fumigation time is 3-5 hours.
5. Day lily back to soft packaging:
Dehydrated, dried and sulfur-smoked day lily must be packaged for sale, otherwise the dried vegetables will easily break and affect the quality. Therefore, it needs to be softened in the tank for 2-7 days to keep the water content of the daylilies balanced and slightly soft but not brittle before packaging.
Daylilies are packaged in plastic composite film bags that meet food hygiene requirements and are vacuum sealed to prevent oxidation and microbial reproduction and prevent heavy pressure from affecting product quality
Finished product quality of daylilies :
The moisture content of the finished daylilies is 10-15%, the color is light yellow, and it is uniform; there are no cracks, no pedicels, no impurities, no mold spots, and no pests.
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