Joints are the places where bones connect with each other. The joint consists of joint capsule, joint surface and joint cavity. There are many muscles attached around the joints. When muscles contract, they can stretch, bend, coat, adducte and turn.
1, articular surface: the shiny surface where bones contact each other is called articular surface. The surface of the joint is covered with a layer of cartilage, which is called articular cartilage.
2. Joint capsule: composed of connective tissue, attached to the central surface around the articular surface.
3. Joint cavity: it is a closed narrow space between articular cartilage and articular capsule. Under normal circumstances, there is a small amount of liquid in the joint cavity to reduce the friction during joint movement. When the joint is sick, it can increase the fluid in the joint cavity, forming joint effusion and swelling.
The reason why the human body can move freely is because of the structure of joints. Most joints not only provide human activities, but also protect bones from wear and tear through cartilage. In cartilage, 65% to 80% is composed of water, and others are glycoprotein, collagen and chondrocytes, which provide healthy nutrition and functional protection for cartilage. In fact, cartilage itself is a porous structure, collagen is a net sleeve formed by slender fibers, and glycoprotein is an elastic sphere filled with water. These components must be intact so that cartilage can bear gravity. If collagen is reduced, the connection between glycoprotein and collagen mesh will be relaxed, or the content of glycoprotein will be reduced, so that glycoprotein is no longer elastic, which will lead to accelerated wear of joints under stress. As the patient grows older, these substances will cause. Therefore, people with silver hair, menopausal women, people who exercise excessively, people with fractures or people who are prone to joint pain should be supplemented with foods rich in collagen.
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Factors leading to joint problems:
First, age/aging: over 45 years old, prone to arthritis. With the increase of age, articular cartilage gradually wears away and bones are exposed. Thereby causing joint friction, inflammation and pain. The absorption and synthetic repair mechanism of joint tissue is out of balance, which leads to bone spur or osteophyte. It is estimated that there will be more than 800 million arthritis patients worldwide in 2025, second only to cardiovascular diseases. At present, there are about 65.438+0.5 billion arthritis patients in China. With the aging of the population, the number of patients will continue to increase.
Among people over 55:
* 1/4 people have knee pain for nearly one month every year.
* 50% have X-ray symptoms.
* 50% of people have difficulty in exercising (it is expected to increase by 66% in 2020).
* 1.6% disability
Second, gender: women are more prone to arthritis than men.
Third, gene defect: cartilage collagen gene defect leads to cartilage degeneration.
Fourth, physical activity: joint injury caused by overwork or exercise; Knee tendon or meniscus injury can lead to knee arthritis; Reusing some joints can lead to arthritis.
Incidence of arthritis caused by various sports:
Nearly 50% retired football players have toe arthritis.
48% of high jumpers and 85% of ballerinas suffer from ankle arthritis.
* In a report, 100% of football players and 90% of weightlifters have the initial symptoms of arthritis.
* 100% of javelin throwers and 90% of gymnasts and divers have lumbar problems.
* Athletes in field events (such as shot put) and basketball players often have problems around their shoulders.
90% of weightlifters, javelin throwers and boxers have elbow problems.
* Research shows that daily activities such as climbing mountains, running, cycling, playing badminton and going down stairs will cause different degrees of wear and damage to joints.
5. Weight/obesity: The weight gain of middle-aged and elderly people is easy to cause knee arthritis.
6. Food/Nutrition: Some ingredients are missing in food.
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Self-diagnosis of joint diseases;
The first three steps
1, starting exercise pain
2, pain when there is pressure
3. Pain when tired
The last three steps
1, persistent pain
2. Night pain
3, muscle pain
In addition, there are typical accompanying symptoms, such as:
1, movement limit
2. "Click" sound from joints
3, the weather is sensitive and so on
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Treatment of osteoarthritis:
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease, and there is no way to cure osteoarthritis at present!
The purpose of treatment: to slow down the symptoms and development.
The goal of treatment: to relieve pain, increase joint range of motion and strengthen muscle strength.
Treatment methods: surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment.
Surgical treatment: replacement of artificial joints, all joints show metal and plastic, which is very expensive and may cause failure and disability.
Non-surgical treatment:
* Physical therapy: acupuncture, infrared ray
* Exercise therapy: swimming, Tai Ji Chuan.
* Medication: Medication can only slow down the superficial symptoms, but can't stop the development of osteoarthritis. At present, no drug can completely cure osteoarthritis. Although most drugs can relieve or alleviate the pain of patients with osteoarthritis on the surface, they actually promote the degeneration of articular cartilage. )
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and painkillers:
Serious side effects
Stomach upset, gastrointestinal ulcer or bleeding
Inhibit the synthesis of matrix proteoglycan of articular cartilage and accelerate the degeneration of articular cartilage.
Aspirin, salicylic acid, phenylbutazone, indomethacin, naproxen, etc.
It can induce renal injury, especially in patients with original nephropathy, heart failure, liver insufficiency, hypertension, taking diuretics or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and elderly patients.
Acetaminophen, diclofenac, meloxicam, nabumetone, etodolate sulindate, acemetacin, celecoxib and rofecoxib.
(Recent research shows that as many as 6.5438+0.4 million people in the United States have died or been affected by toxicology due to the use of coxib. )
* Nutrition therapy: Nutrition therapy can prevent or slow down cartilage degeneration and is the best way to protect and maintain joint health.
Natural chondroprotective agent: a natural substance that can slow down cartilage degeneration and promote cartilage tissue repair and remodeling.
Mechanism of action: promoting the formation of chondrocytes; Promote chondrocytes to synthesize cartilage components such as hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate; Inhibit cartilage degrading enzymes; Strengthen and improve the nutrient supply of cartilage; Anti-inflammatory and analgesic; Inhibit thrombosis and improve blood circulation.
Commonly used chondroprotective agents: glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, type II collagen, vitamins and mineral elements.
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Natural joint protectant:
In recent years, an all-natural joint protectant named "Rungujin" has been accepted by more and more professional athletes and people with bone and joint problems as daily health care and rehabilitation treatment. "Bone-moistening Gold" is made of all-natural high-quality raw materials and processed by the world's advanced patented small molecule biotechnology. It not only has biological activity, but also is beneficial to human absorption. It does not add any hormones and chemical additives, and it has also passed the doping test of the Olympic Organizing Committee. Medicine tonic is not as good as food tonic, please try!