In order to meet the special needs of public security reality, non-lethal ammunition has attracted more and more attention from all countries. At present, the standard equipment of the army is uniformly used in police pistol, China. However, the power of the standard equipment based on killing is obviously too great when performing the public security task with uniforms as the main task. Therefore, the demand for non-lethal ammunition in the user sector is very urgent. Non-lethal ammunition can stop criminals and gangsters in time at short distance, and can disperse and deter people at medium and long distance.
9mm police revolver rubber bullet is a kind of non-lethal ammunition developed to meet the non-lethal demand of law enforcement departments. The bomb is used for a new 9mm revolver, which was developed by 941 Factory and passed the technical appraisal in December 25.
proposal of tasks
regarding the development of new rubber bullets, the user department issued a series of technical indicators and requirements. For example, it is required that the firing of rubber bullets will have no influence on other kinds of bullets fired by weapons: it is safe and reliable to use, and there are no phenomena that endanger the shooter's safety, such as early firing, late firing, accidental firing and chamber explosion; the propellant has good compatibility with the warhead and shell casing, and the whole bullet is well sealed, and the color and packaging of the warhead are clearly marked. See the attached table for specific requirements and finalized product indicators.
The new rubber bullet is mainly composed of four parts: warhead, cartridge case, primer and propellant.
the primer and propellant shall be the standard primer and propellant: the main material of the warhead is a mixture of rubber and plastic materials and metal powder.
Compared with other rubber bullets, the new rubber bullets have the following advantages: the new rubber bullets adopt the tail cavity structure, and the dispersion accuracy is good; The effective action distance is close; The packaging adopts plastic fixed bullet support, which is safe and convenient to carry.
development history
the state-owned 941 factory has accumulated rich experience in developing DAF91 type 7.62mm rubber bullet, and won two national invention patents. This rubber bullet is the only pistol rubber bullet in China that has been approved by the General Armament Committee.
9mm police revolver rubber cartridge case, primer and other requirements are the same as ordinary bullets, so the key point of tackling the problem is the development of rubber bullet head and the matching of propellant. The technical indexes of rubber bullets are very demanding, among which, first of all, two indexes, effective action distance and dispersion accuracy, must be met. The development idea is as follows: firstly, adjust the structure and shape of warhead to ensure the index requirements of effective action distance. For the dispersion accuracy, it is mainly to adjust the material formula and processing technology to ensure the uniformity of materials and the consistency of rubber elastic processing. The design of reasonable warhead shape and structure is the key to the whole scheme design. Typical schemes include single rubber warhead, split rubber warhead and tail cavity rubber warhead. Because the weapon system requires multiple bullets with one gun, it determines that the shape of the rubber bullet head should be basically the same as that of the ordinary bullet. The total length of the warhead should be combined with the requirements of the quality, flight stability and storage speed of the warhead, and the total length of the warhead should be 18.8mm on the premise of meeting the final performance index. After the overall dimensions of the rubber bomb are determined, the development focus is on the structural design of the rubber bomb warhead. * * * More than 1 schemes are put forward, and then they are trial-produced and tested. After a lot of experiments and theoretical exploration, the tail cavity warhead structure was finally adopted.
the selection of propellant for rubber bullets is very important, and the scheme design and test of each warhead are accompanied by the selection of propellant. After the material and structure of the warhead are determined, the scheme design process of the rubber bullet is a process of continuously improving the structural characteristics of the warhead and the characteristic parameters of the propellant. Due to the particularity of internal ballistics in the launching process of rubber bullets, the burning rate of propellant is required to be fast. During the development, several types of propellants were tested, and the comparative test results showed that one of the propellants could meet the requirements of the indicators, and finally it was designated as the propellant.
the accuracy requirement of p>9mm police revolver rubber bullets is higher than that of ordinary rubber bullets. The accuracy of 7.62mm pistol rubber bullets is R5≤15cm(1m), while the range of revolver rubber bullets is 25m, and R5≤5cm, which is a big difficulty in developing revolver rubber bullets. We know that the biggest difference between rubber bullets and ordinary bullets is that the materials used to make warheads are different. The density of lead and copper materials used in the warhead of ordinary bombs is greater than 8g/cm3, while the density of rubber and plastic materials is generally around 1 ~ 2g/cm3. When the rifling lead of the gun is determined, the flight stability of the warhead is directly proportional to the square root of the warhead mass. This shows that the flight stability of rubber bullets made of rubber and plastic materials is worse than that of ordinary bullets, and the dispersion accuracy is also worse. In order to improve the flight stability of the warhead, the patented technology was used to mix the rubber-plastic material with the metal powder, which increased the density of the warhead material to about 5g/cm3, and increased the mixing times and time, which further improved the uniformity of the warhead material, and the product completely met the requirements of dispersion accuracy.
In the bidding for weapon system selection, the rubber bullet appeared transverse bullet when testing the dispersion accuracy of 9mm police revolver at 25m, but it did not appear transverse bullet when testing the effective range (5m, 5m) with ballistic gun. In the development of the prototype, the first batch of ballistic guns changed their parameters, and the phenomenon of low-temperature transverse projectile appeared. However, when the original ballistic guns were used in the comparative test, transverse projectile did not appear, which was a problem of system matching. From the analysis of the rubber bullet itself, it is found that the material of the rubber bullet warhead has a certain shrinkage at low temperature, and the diameter of the bullet is reduced at low temperature, with a change of .2% at -3℃. Therefore, controlling the diameter of rubber bullet head can improve the ballistic performance of rubber bullet at low temperature. In the end, the last two batches of ballistic guns did not have the problem of low-temperature transverse ammunition without changing the rubber bullets.
Injury effect
The Institute of Radiation and Radiation Medicine and the Key Laboratory of New Weapon Effect and Military Pathology conducted experiments on the injury effect and clothing protection effect of 9mm police revolver rubber bullets fired at different distances (3m, 5m, 15m, 25m, 3～5m and 55m) on three experimental animals (dogs, pigs and sheep). Judging from the test results, 3 ~ 5m distance can cause light/moderate injury.
Finally, it should be pointed out that due to the special properties of rubber bullets, they should be managed in batches during transportation and storage, and mixed batches should be prevented, especially from mixing with other bullets. At the same time, it should be waterproof, fireproof, moisture-proof, heat-proof and corrosion-proof. ?