The differences are as follows:
Science and technology have different purposes. The purpose of science focuses on answering the questions of "what" and "why" and revealing the causality and regularity of objective processes. The purpose of technology focuses on answering the questions of "what to do" and "how to do it", and pursues the utility of satisfying the needs of the subject.
Science and technology tasks are different. In the creative activities of human beings acting on nature, science is to understand nature, explore objective truths, reveal the essence and laws of things, and is a guide for human actions to transform nature. Technology is mainly responsible for productivity, a means of transforming nature, creating material wealth, and a means of storing knowledge and obtaining information.
Scientific and technical knowledge forms are different. Science mainly manifests itself as unidimensional knowledge, which unifies complex phenomena into a certain essence and sifts out a conclusion from numerous hypotheses to make it concise and clear. Technology changes from single to diverse. It transforms a certain kind of scientific knowledge into a variety of technical facilities and process means, and makes various types of design solutions from the same principles.
The topic selection directions are different. Science seeks, discovers and selects research topics from the logic of scientific development, such as the contradiction between scientific theories and scientific experiments, the contradictions of scientific theories themselves, and the contention of multiple scientific hypotheses. The purpose is to discover new phenomena and laws from it, which requires theoretical and academic significance, but cannot require any results in economic and social life. Technology mainly discovers and selects research topics from actual needs such as national economic development, national defense construction needs, and improvement of people's living standards, and is required to be put into practice and produce certain practical benefits.
The results come in different forms. Scientific achievements are things in the form of ideas, mainly scientific discoveries, scientific predictions, scientific principles, etc., which belong to the category of transformation from matter to spirit. The results are in the form of monographs, papers, research reports, etc. Technological achievements are the organic combination of things in the form of knowledge and things in the material form. It is more manifested as the transformation from spirit to matter. The results are in the form of technical samples, models, technical regulations, design drawings, etc.
The evaluation criteria for knowledge are different. Evaluate the truth of science. Evaluate the value of technology. The task of science is to study and solve the problems of "what", "how" and "why" something is, and requires discovery, thereby improving the level of human understanding. The evaluation standard is mainly to judge the true and false issues. The task of technology is to study and solve the problems of "what" and "how to do" people should do, which requires invention or innovation. Its success is often restricted by a variety of related factors. In addition to being restricted by resources, environment, region, society, economy, law and other constraints, it also needs to be evaluated by people's value orientation and living habits and other factors.
Management methods are different. Science is implemented by the scientific community and through the formulation of behavioral norms, and its management is flexible and loose. Science has no borders, and its knowledge is public and shared by all mankind. Technology is implemented by the national patent department through patent laws. This management is strict and confidential for a certain period of time. Technology has national boundaries and cannot be exported without permission from the company or government. Science has no patents, and keeping secrets is unethical. However, technology has patents and intellectual property rights. It is unethical and even illegal to leak technical secrets and infringe on other people's patents and intellectual property rights.
The requirements for talent quality are different. Scientists need to have profound basic knowledge and professional knowledge, active theoretical thinking, be good at observing and discovering problems, be diligent in thinking, good at reasoning, be willing to be lonely, concentrate on studying and doing experiments in obscurity, and only then can they make discoveries and be useful. The achievements made. In addition to in-depth professional knowledge, technical experts must also have strong hands-on and comprehensive abilities, well-connected information sources, rich practical experience, a tenacious spirit of tackling problems, as well as certain organizational skills and the ability to handle various complex relationships. Only with the ability can we invent, create and achieve something.
The connection between science and technology:
The two are interdependent and transform each other
The two promote each other and serve as motivation for each other
The two are intertwined and interpenetrated