1. information: the expression or reflection of the existence or movement mode and state of a substance.
2. Knowledge: The understanding of the nature of things and the synthesis of experience obtained by human beings in the practice of understanding and transforming the objective world are the understanding of objective things and their movement processes and laws through practice.
3. Intelligence: Definition: Information with certain purpose and timeliness transmitted and exchanged by people in various ways is valuable knowledge or information collected by people for a certain purpose.
Attribute: transitivity, knowledge and utility.
4. Literature refers to all carriers that record or describe information and knowledge on a material carrier by means of words, images, formulas, audio, video and codes, and can play the role of storing and disseminating information and knowledge.
"All carriers with knowledge or information on them"
2. Briefly describe the composition of the literature.
A: Modern literature consists of four elements: literary information, literary carrier, symbol system and recording method.
2. Briefly describe the characteristics of medical literature.
A: The number is huge, the carriers are diverse, the languages are multilingual, the interdisciplinary publishing is scattered, the updating of knowledge and information is accelerated, the dissemination speed is accelerated, and the electronic development trend is accelerated.
3. Briefly describe the concept and types of literature retrieval.
A: Concept: Literature retrieval in a broad sense includes two processes: information storage and retrieval. It refers to the process of organizing and storing documents in a certain way, and finding out related documents or information content contained in documents according to the needs of document users.
In a narrow sense, information retrieval is the process of finding out the required information from retrieval tools or retrieval systems through certain retrieval channels or methods.
Type: ① According to the form of test results, it can be divided into bibliographic retrieval, full-text retrieval and citation retrieval.
② From the angle of information retrieval, it can be divided into literature retrieval, data retrieval and fact retrieval.
③ According to clue means, it can be divided into manual retrieval and computer retrieval.
4. Briefly describe the evaluation factors of literature retrieval system.
Answer: Accuracy, timeliness, perfection of index system, depth, recall rate and accuracy of information indexing.
5. What are recall and precision, and what is the relationship between them?
A: Recall ratio (R) and precision ratio (P) are the two most common and important performance and effect evaluation indexes of retrieval system.
R= amount of relevant information detected/amount of relevant information in search tool X 100%.
P= relevant information detected/total information detected X 100%.
There is a reciprocal relationship between them, that is, if the recall rate of retrieval tools is high, its accuracy rate will decrease relatively; On the other hand, if the accuracy is high, the recall rate is low; Moreover, the recall and precision can only be improved relatively, and it is never possible to reach 100% at the same time.
6. Please describe the types of literature information.
Answer: ① According to the form of literature information, it can be divided into text type, video type, audio type and digital type.
② According to the publication types of literature information: books, periodicals, government publications, scientific reports, patent documents, conference documents, dissertations, standard documents, product sample manuals and technical files.
③ According to the carrier form of document information, it can be divided into text type, printing type, miniature type, audio-visual type and electronic type.
(4) according to the processing degree of document information:
⑴ Zero document information: letters, manuscripts, experimental data, observation records, notes, internal documents, etc. Features: the content is novel, but immature and difficult to query.
⑵ Main literature information: periodical papers, patent specifications, conference papers, dissertations, scientific and technological reports, etc. Features: The content is novel and detailed, and it is the main source and retrieval object of literature information, but its large quantity, dispersion and disorder bring inconvenience to its retrieval and utilization. Creativity, primitiveness and dispersion
⑶ Secondary literature information: contents, indexes, abstracts, etc. Features: Reportability and retrieval, whose main function is to provide clues to find literature information, so it is also called retrieval tool. Collective, instrumental, comprehensive and systematic
(4) Three documents and materials: overview, progress, yearbook and encyclopedia, etc.
7. Try to describe the concept and characteristics of electronic literature resources.
A: Electronic literature resources are new literature resources stored in the form of electronic data, such as words, sounds, images and videos. In non-printing paper carriers such as light and magnetism, it propagates in the form of electrical signals and optical signals, and is reproduced by external devices such as network communication, computers or terminals.
Features: 1. Changes in storage media and communication forms.
2. The forms of information are diversified.
3. The types of literature resources are diversified.
4. Multi-level information service function
5. The update speed is fast and the timeliness is strong.
6. There is a retrieval system or function.
7. Search access is not limited by time and space.
8. Please describe the types of medical electronic literature resources.
Subject scope divided by information: comprehensive database (WOS, CNKI, Wanfang), professional database (Pubmed, CA, CBM), and special database (China Drug Patent Database, GenBank).
According to the types of information content, it is divided into literature databases (bibliographic databases (titles, abstracts and catalogues) and full-text databases (full-text books, full-text periodicals and full-text dissertations, such as HowNet and Wanfang)), numerical databases (American chemical toxicity databases), fact databases (people databases and guidebooks), image databases (whole brain atlas databases) and multimedia databases (medical history databases).
9. What is a retrieval language? What is the logical relationship between retrieval language and feeling?
A: The retrieval language is a special marking system used to describe the content and appearance characteristics of documents in the retrieval system and express users' retrieval problems.
Logical relation: ① Equivalence relation.
② subordination
③ correlation
10. Briefly describe the types of retrieval languages.
Answer: ① According to the controlled situation of the words used in the retrieval language, it can be divided into standard language and non-standard language.
② According to the time division set by the search identifier, there is a group language first, and then a group language.
③ According to the information characteristics described in the retrieval language:
Classification language for describing document content
Feature language code language keyword language
Topic language title language
Search language unit word language
Narrative language
The title of the book/magazine/article describes the appearance of the document.
Language author/feature group author
Quoted paragraph
Code/serial number
1 1. What are the theme languages? Briefly describe its characteristics.
A: 1. Keyword language 2. Title word language 3. Unit word language 4. Narrative language.
Features: directly use words as search marks; Word order is the main retrieval method; Concentrate information resources around specific things, problems and phenomena, that is, themes; Reveal the relationship between concepts by referring to the system.
Reticular words
Descriptors (subject words), titles (synonyms, synonyms), qualifiers (sub-subject words), characteristic words and non-subject words.
12. Try to describe the basic methods, approaches and steps of literature retrieval.
Answer: Method: 1. Common method 2. Traceability method 3. Segmentation method.
Path: 1. Classification path 2. Subject path 3. Author path 4. Digital path 5. Other paths.
Step: 1. Analyze the subject and define the retrieval requirements. 2. Select retrieval tools and methods. 3. Select the retrieval mark and retrieval method. 4. Perform retrieval. 5. Processing the retrieval results and obtaining the original documents.
13. Try to describe the methods and steps of computer literature retrieval.
A: Steps:
1. Analyze the topic and determine the theme concept.
2. Select the retrieval method and database
3. Determine the retrieval method
4. Write retrieval strategy
5. Feedback adjustment of retrieval strategy
6. Output of search results
Method:
1. Boolean logic operator and or not
2. Location operator (SAME:MEDLINE database requires the same sentence, and sci requires the address bar to use the same sentence search operator)
3. Field qualifier
4. cutoff operator (infinite cutoff: *, finite cutoff:? )