The normal life of an airplane is about 25 to 30 years. The average age of civil aviation aircraft in the world is 10 year, and that of American civil aviation is 1 1 year. Those who exceed this number can be considered as "aging" aircraft, but in terms of performance, an aircraft that can serve for 30 years can only be used for 10 years, and at most it can only be considered as just past the prime of life.
In the development of new aircraft, anti-corrosion design should be adopted, materials with strong anti-corrosion ability should be selected, excellent surface treatment technology should be selected, and efficient composite protective coating system should be matched to improve the inherent durability of aircraft. Strict corrosion control measures should be taken in the process of aircraft manufacturing to avoid defects in materials and processes and ensure the anti-corrosion quality of aircraft.
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Development history
The first all-metal commercial monoplane with all the characteristics of modern civil airliners (except propeller engines) was Boeing 1930 single-engine mail.
Monomer: According to the semi-monocoque fuselage and stress skin design of this aircraft, Boeing developed the prototype YB-9 for the aviation department of the US Army in 193 1.
Because the US Army did not put the YB-9 into production, after careful consideration, Boeing and its business partner UnitedAirLines developed a slightly smaller commercial model based on the B-9 configuration in 1932, which is the B-247 that first flew in February in 1933. This aircraft has turned a new chapter in the history of structural design. It is an all-metal stress skin structure, fully covering the cabin, rubber deicing boots, trim-tab, streamlined hood, autopilot, lower wing and retractable landing gear. It can fly and climb with only one engine. In other words, the B-247 is the first "modern" civil aircraft, and every subsequent civil aircraft is imitating its characteristics. Although this plane can only carry 10 passengers, it flies 56 kilometers faster than Ford's three engines and can fly over the United States in 24 hours. Therefore, it is very competitive in business, widely welcomed by airlines and in short supply. However, the aircraft fuselage is low, so passengers have to bend forward in the cabin and cross the wing back beam extending from the floor.
Because Boeing's production line can't meet the orders of airlines, Douglas quickly launched the DC(DouglassCommercial) series of all-metal, single-wing, double-engine and retractable landing gear. DC-12 passengers made its first flight at 1933, only five months later than B-247. The spars of DC- 1 are under the cabin floor, so the cabin floor is flat and spacious, and passengers do not need to bend over. 1934, Douglas subsequently introduced a DC-2 with a long fuselage, carrying 14 passengers. In 1935, DC-3 of 2 1 passenger is introduced.
DC-3' s performance, payload and robustness make airlines really start to profit from civil aviation transportation, so by 1940, it will become the most used aircraft in the world's air transportation industry. DC-3 is the first civil aircraft that can make money by transporting passengers and goods without government subsidies. By the end of World War II, * * * had produced more than 65,438+11,000 aircraft, which is by far the largest single-machine production in the world, most of which are military C-47s.
Reference source: Civil Aviation Aircraft _ Baidu Encyclopedia