How to prevent Hami melon virus disease?

The common diseases of melon include damping-off, Fusarium wilt, Fusarium wilt, carbon rot, powdery mildew, downy mildew, anthracnose, leaf blight, bacterial leaf spot, virus disease, parasitic plants of melon and dodder, parasitic nematodes and physiological diseases (such as sunburn, melon cracking and deficiency disease). The main pests of melon are melon aphid, melon spider mite, greenhouse whitefly, melon leaf miner and underground pests such as cricket, cutworm, needle worm, seed fly, navel fly, mole cricket and so on. In order to ensure the high quality, high yield and high benefit of melon, it is necessary to strengthen scientific planting and implement the plant protection policy of "prevention first and comprehensive management". That is, based on agricultural prevention and control, according to the occurrence, development and epidemic law of pests and diseases, chemical, physical, biological and genetic prevention and control measures are reasonably applied in time and place to control pests and diseases economically, safely and effectively. Adopt various technologies to control the pest population below the level that may cause economic losses. Integrated pest management of melon includes a series of technical measures. 1. Select disease-resistant varieties such as Queen, Redmi Crisp, Xiangfeimi, Jinmibao, Redmi Bao and Guifei. 2. Strengthen plant quarantine to prevent the introduction of dangerous pests and weeds such as Mediterranean fruit flies. 3. Do a good job in forecasting pests and diseases, so that pest control can get twice the result with half the effort. 4. Agricultural control (1) selects soil, and selects sandy loam with deep soil layer to grow melons. (2) It is not suitable for repeated rotation with cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae crops, and it is better to implement rotation for more than 5 years or dry land rotation to reduce various soil-borne diseases such as Fusarium wilt. (3) Deep storage of melon fields in autumn and winter is beneficial to eliminate overwintering pathogens and insect sources in the soil, promote decomposition and decay of diseased plant residues, loosen the soil in the coming year, facilitate leveling the soil, and finely repair melon ditches and irrigation ditches. (4) Apply sufficient base fertilizer, and apply 12000- 15000 kg of fully decomposed high-quality stable clothes, 750- 1500 kg of fermented cottonseed cake or bean cake and 150-225 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per hectare. (5) Select excellent seeds and disinfect them before sowing. The methods are as follows: ① Soak the seeds with warm water at 55℃ for 40 minutes, or soak the seeds with 0. 1% mercuric chloride water for 10 minutes, or dilute them with 40% formaldehyde 150 times, and soak them with 1. In order to solve the virus pathogen carried by seeds, seeds can be soaked in 10% trisodium phosphate for 20 minutes. After the seeds are treated with chemicals, they are washed with clear water, germinated and sown. (2) Seed dressing and seed blocking method, which uses 0.2%-0.3% of the dry weight of seeds for seed dressing and seed blocking, such as seed dressing, carbendazim, benomyl, dixone, thiophanate methyl, etc. For example, trichlorfon and acephate can be used to control underground pests. Seed dressing with 1000 times of octanoic acid solution. (2) Treating melon seeds with seed coating agent methyl isofenphos can prevent and control soil-borne diseases, seed-borne diseases, underground pests and seedling pests, and has the function of strengthening seedlings. (4) Dry heat treatment of dried melon seeds in an incubator at 68℃ for 2-5 days can eliminate the toxicity of seeds and reduce the occurrence of virus diseases, fungal diseases and bacterial diseases. (6) Grafting seedling: selecting suitable wild melon, gourd and pumpkin varieties as rootstocks for grafting seedling. (7) Reasonable sowing, timely interplanting, reasonable collocation of interplanting crops and improvement of sowing techniques, such as ditching, plastic film mulching and ridge cultivation, can play a role in preventing diseases and avoiding harm. Intercropping melon with upright crops such as cotton and wheat can make full use of land, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions and reduce pests and diseases. (8) Strengthen field management and fine field management after seedling. For example, the amount of irrigation should be strictly controlled at seedling stage to prevent the ground temperature from decreasing. Gua Tian without cover can loosen soil after rain or irrigation, and promote root development. Serial irrigation and flood irrigation are prohibited during the growth period. Tian Wen, if there is water, it should be removed in time. According to the characteristics of varieties, trim and rake properly to avoid causing too many wounds and reduce the chance of pathogen invasion. Prune moderately to prevent melon dew from burning in strong sunlight. Advocate foliar topdressing, such as applying plant essence, fulvic acid, yield-increasing bacteria, spraying, Biquan Jiansheng, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. It can regulate plant growth and enhance plant disease resistance. 5. Pesticide control When the "central plant" of pests and diseases occurs in Gua Tian, it is not necessary to spray pesticides everywhere in the field to avoid wasting pesticides and labor and killing natural enemies of pests. To control melon aphids and tetranychus urticae, it is advisable to wrap melon vines with systemic agents and control the spread of pests and diseases with point spraying. It is forbidden to spray highly toxic pesticides on melons to prevent pesticides from polluting melons and fruits. Pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue should be used alternately or mixed reasonably. (1) Fungal diseases control Fusarium wilt, Fusarium wilt, blight, leaf blight, downy mildew and anthracnose. Commonly used pesticides are carbendazim, guakuning, thiophanate-methyl, metformin, metalaxyl manganese zinc, Baimiaoqing, phosphorus, antiviral alum and anthrax Fu Mei. Fenxiuning is effective against powdery mildew. For root diseases, the roots and roots of melon vines are usually irrigated with liquid medicine; Spraying method is used for diseases of stems, vines and leaves. (2) Pesticides such as agricultural streptomycin, neophytomycin, Bordeaux mixture, metalaxyl copper and bactericide were selected to control bacterial leaf spot and angular spot. (3) Viral diseases must first eliminate insects (such as aphids) that spread the virus. Spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can inactivate virus and enhance plant disease resistance, or spraying 20% virus A400—500 times. (4) At seedling stage, poisonous baits can be used to lure and poison underground pests, remove poisonous soil or irrigate with chemicals. Use 80% trichlorfon wettable powder or 50% phoxim EC to prepare poison bait according to 1: 100 times. The bait is made of wheat bran, fresh grass or fine soil, which is scattered around the plants after sunset. It can also be mixed with wheat bran or cake fertilizer to make poison bait. This medicine is highly toxic to both humans and animals. Please follow the product instructions. Or irrigate the roots with the solution of 1000 times prepared by the above pesticides. (5) Spraying dimethoate and acephate can control melon aphids and leafhoppers. Or spray pirimicarb to control aphids, or use pesticides such as dicofol and mirex to control tetranychus urticae, or use pesticides such as dimethoate and acephate to control pests such as leaf miners, melons and thrips. Melon storage technology (1) disinfects storage pits (warehouses) and packaging materials, and does a good job in melon storage and preservation. In addition to selecting intact fruits, it is also important to detoxify storage pits (warehouses) and packaging materials. Put the packaging materials into the storage room, adopt the sulfur fumigation method, use about 3 kilograms of sulfur per 100 cubic meter, mix sulfur with sawdust, ignite it to make it smoke, close the doors and windows, smoke for two days, and then open the doors and windows of the storage room for ventilation; You can also spray 2% finger marin solution for disinfection. (2) The melons piled in the warehouse are selected and graded, then put into fruit boxes and put into storage. Boxes are stacked and stabilized in a certain way in the warehouse. Trays and other things should be placed at the bottom of the fruit pile. Pay attention to the distance between piles, between piles and walls, and between the top of the warehouse to facilitate ventilation. Generally, you can put 100- 150 kg of fruit per cubic meter. In some melon producing areas, melons are not stored in boxes, but scattered in piles, that is, bamboo, wood, steel, tendons, reeds, straws and so on are used in storage. Stalks and the like are put on a shelf, and then melons are neatly placed on the shelf layer by layer. Some kilns (warehouses) do not put melons in boxes or shelves. Instead, when building a kiln, put a crossbar on the top of the kiln and tie it into three knots with three ropes. Each knot is hung with a melon and each rope is hung with three melons. Melons are placed from top to bottom. After putting the melons in the kiln, the whole kiln is hung with melons except people marching, and it looks beautiful. This is a classic method used by melon farmers in Xinjiang, and it is also a major landscape of Hami melon kiln in Xinjiang. Whether the melon is scattered, boxed or hung with a rope, it should be storable when placed; The varieties that leave the warehouse late are placed in the warehouse, and the ones with poor storability are placed at the end near the warehouse door, which is convenient for management and storage. (3) Management of temperature, humidity and ventilation in the warehouse The management of temperature, humidity and ventilation in the melon warehouse is a very important work, not only for the natural humidity warehouse (including shed cellar, ventilation warehouse and underground warehouse), but also for the mechanical cold storage. The ventilation and cooling of natural temperature warehouses can be divided into three stages according to seasons. ① There is a certain difference in temperature between day and night in autumn in northern China; The melon entering the cellar for the first time has high fruit temperature and kiln temperature, and it breathes vigorously. In addition, the field heat brought by melon increased the cellar temperature. At this time, ventilation equipment is used to introduce the external low temperature into the kiln to reduce the temperature in the cellar and the fruit temperature. (2) The winter climate is cold. After a period of autumn storage, melon has reached or approached the suitable storage temperature. The management at this time is mainly to keep warm and prevent freezing. Special attention should be paid to prevent cold air from suddenly entering the cellar and hurting melons. Ventilation in the cellar should be carried out when the temperature is high at noon during the day. Ventilation time should not be too long, and ventilation times should be less than autumn. (2) After beginning of spring, the air temperature and soil temperature rose rapidly. At this time, the main management is to prevent the pit temperature from rising. When the temperature is high in the daytime, all doors, windows and ventilation holes of the kiln are blocked, and when the outside temperature is lower than the capacity temperature at night, the doors, windows and ventilation holes are opened for gas exchange, so that the temperature in the cellar can be kept at a low level for as long as possible to prolong the storage time of melons. -Ventilation can not only reduce the temperature in the cellar, but also discharge gases such as ethylene that are not suitable for melon storage, so as to facilitate melon storage. Mechanical refrigeration and modified atmosphere storage have good sealing performance. The former replaces the air in the warehouse with a fan, while the latter not only adjusts the concentration ratio of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the warehouse, but also takes measures to absorb the gas components that are not conducive to melon storage and purify the air. Humidity is one of the important factors affecting the quality of shaded melon. Low humidity leads to more natural loss of melons; In severe cases, melon loses water and shrinks, which affects the commodity value. Due to the ventilation in the warehouse, the humidity in the warehouse is reduced, so it is necessary to humidify the warehouse properly, and the relative humidity of the air is generally 80%-90%. (4) Auxiliary measures of melon storage Chemical preservatives play a certain role in melon storage. Pu Bin and others treated Paotai red melon with fruit preservative myclobutanil (YMC for short), which not only reduced the rot rate of melon, but also reduced the rot degree of melon. In the range of cellar temperature 1-7c and air relative humidity of 86%-94%; After 89 days of storage, the rotting rates of Paotai Red treated with 0.05% and 0.075% were both 2.5%, and after 65,438+000 days of storage, the rotting rates were 65,438+05% and 65,438+07.5%, respectively, which were 65,438+030% higher than those of good melon clusters without chemicals. After storage for 89 days, it was treated with 0.05% and 0.075% thick skin; The rot index of melon was 23.75% and 15% respectively. It still has high commodity value. Judging from the storage of cantaloupe, the suitable storage period of cantaloupe is 3 months. The storage period can be extended to 100 days when the battery red is treated with an appropriate concentration of imazalil, and the good melon rate is over 85%. List of diseases and insect pests prevention and control of Hami melon Time of occurrence of diseases and insect pests names. Control methods: crickets, needle worms, cutworms, etc. Before and after sowing Hami melon in mid-April and early May, before covering with plastic film, dig a small pit between two sowing holes and sprinkle poisonous bait. Poison bait formula: Add 0.5 kg of trichlorfon to 100 kg of parched bran, add appropriate amount of water and mix well. Spray 1000 times of trichlorfon or dichlorvos on aphids around seedlings and stems in mid-June, and add 5 parts of water to 1 part of medicine, and use a brush. 73% propargite EC 1000 times, and lime-sulfur mixture Boer 0.2-0.3. The above chemicals can be used alternately, and should be stopped before harvesting 15 days; 20% dicofol is sprayed with 800- 1000 times solution. Spraying 800- 1000 times of gram and 800- 1000ppm streptomycin:1:250 bordeaux solution to bacterial leaf spot from the second half of May to June; 300 times sterilization. The above drugs can be used alternately, once every 6-7 days, 2-3 times. From the middle and late June to July, Litang covered the "798" flower stem; 65,438+00% glyphosate 65,438+0: 65,438+00 times applied to orphan stems; Toure: Glyphosate: The water is 1:3:40. Apply or spray plants. Watering Phytophthora infestans with water from late June to July and August, with 70% dixon 3 g/plant each time; 50% wettable thiram 4 grams per plant each time; 25% ruidamycin 1g once per plant. During irrigation, the medicine is poured into the melon ditch with water, and it is poured twice, with an interval of about half a month. At the same time, it can be sprayed with 58% Shuang Ling manganese and zinc 800- 1000 times. In July and August, 1: 1:250 bordeaux mixture can be sprayed; 400-500 times of 50% thiram wettable powder; 75% chlorothalonil solution is 600-800 times, and the quality is guaranteed when spraying, once every 7- 10 day, and continuously sprayed for 2-3 times. In July and August, apply Dixintong 1:50 times solution to the affected area, or spray Bordeaux solution, zineb, acetaminophen and other drugs. (The concentration is the same as above) Powdery Mildew is sprayed 15% triadimefon wettable powder 100-200ppm, each time10g (active ingredient), that is, 15% triadimefon 67g plus 50- 100. Avoid using lime-sulfur mixture with Baume degree of 0.2-0.3 when the temperature is too high at noon. The above chemicals can be used alternately, once every 15 days and continuously for 2-3 times.