(Nuclear Industry 2 16 Brigade, Urumqi, Xinjiang 8300 1 1)
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1) contact zone structure: the industrial uranium ore body of Baiyanghe deposit is mainly developed in the internal and external contact zone structure of Yangzhuang rock mass, and the internal contact zone is the main one; Uranium ore bodies usually develop in the range of several meters to tens of meters away from the contact zone. Large ore bodies are horizontal ore bodies developed parallel to the contact zone, while vertical ore bodies are developed in rock mass or strata far away from the contact zone. Small-scale secondary ore bodies developed along structural fractures have limited mineral resources.
2) Fracture structure: The reason why uranium ore bodies are developed near the contact zone between Yangzhuang rock mass and surrounding rock is that fracture structures are developed near the contact zone. Fault structure is not only the channel of uranium ore-forming fluid, but also the site of precipitation of uranium. When uranium in ore-forming fluid migrates along faults or fractures, it permeates the rocks on both sides, so that the uranium content in the solution gradually increases, and then it is precipitated and enriched in a suitable tectonic environment to form uranium mineralization, and uranium mineralization mostly develops in secondary faults.
3) Ore-controlling effect of granite porphyry: Uranium mineralization is obviously controlled by granite porphyry, and all uranium mineralization occurs in or near granite porphyry. The uranium content in Yangzhuang subvolcanic rocks is high, and it is easy for hydrothermal solution to quench uranium from it in the later stage, forming uranium-bearing hydrothermal solution enriched in favorable parts. Its intrusion channel may be covered by Quaternary in the eastern part of the rock mass, which is the key area for prospecting in the future.
4) Hydrothermal process: The hydrothermal mineralization of Baiyanghe uranium deposit is obvious, and the types of hydrothermal process may be diverse, but the post-volcanic hydrothermal process may be closely related to uranium mineralization, which can be divided into early medium-high temperature hydrothermal process and late low temperature hydrothermal process according to its characteristics. The medium-high temperature hydrothermal process is large in scale and strong in intensity, which is obviously related to uranium mineralization, while the hydrothermal process caused by late low temperature hydrothermal process and late dike process is relatively small, which may transform uranium mineralization.
5) Alteration: Alteration is a direct manifestation of uranium mineralization and can be used as a direct sign of uranium prospecting, but the development degree and intensity of alteration determine the scale of uranium mineralization in the process of uranium mineralization. The large scale of alteration shows that hydrothermal alteration lasts for a long time, the amount of hydrothermal solution involved in alteration is large, which brings more substances and more uranium precipitated in rocks, thus forming larger or richer ore bodies.
Alterations related to uranium deposits mainly include hematitization, Kaolinization, hydromica, chloritization, purple-black fluorination and manganese mineralization. Generally, hematitization and purple-black fluorite are located in the inner zone of uranium mineralization, close to pitchblende and other uranium minerals, followed by kaolin, hydromica and chloritization. The general rule is that the larger the alteration scale, the higher the intensity, the clearer the zoning and the better the uranium mineralization.
3.2 Innovation
Comprehensive application of (1) exploration techniques and methods.
The exploration of uranium polymetallic ore in Baiyanghe deposit not only adopts comprehensive technical means such as geology, geophysical exploration, geochemical exploration (including in-well geochemical exploration) and remote sensing, but also studies the exploration types of volcanic-type uranium polymetallic ore and the engineering spacing in different exploration stages, and preliminarily establishes the digital modeling of the deposit, laying a foundation for realizing digital exploration. Because the exploration engineering spacing required by different minerals in different exploration stages is different, 40m×40m is adopted as the basic engineering exploration spacing to meet the exploration requirements of different minerals, which undoubtedly has important guiding significance and popularization value for the exploration engineering deployment of similar deposits in other regions.
(2) Innovation of mining (smelting) technology
Baiyanghe deposit is a uranium polymetallic deposit, with uranium, beryllium and molybdenum bodies partially overlapping in space, and the mined ore body is a mixed ore, so separation technology must be adopted in the smelting process. Beryllite-type beryllium ore is the first case in the smelting history of beryllium ore in China, and its beneficiation technology is the key to mining. Through scientific and technological research, the separation problem of uranium and beryllium was solved, and the dissolution method of beryllium ore was greatly improved, and the national patent was obtained.
4 Development and utilization status
Beryllium resources in Baiyanghe deposit have reached a large scale. In order to develop and utilize beryllium resources, Xinjiang CNNC Dida Hefeng Mining Co., Ltd. was established. At the same time of resource development, relying on domestic scientific research institutes, the company completed the flotation test of beryllium under laboratory conditions, and the selected beryllium fine powder reached the requirements of industrial first-class products. The development and utilization of this beryllium ore will effectively alleviate the shortage of beryllium raw materials in China [9].
Geological exploration of uranium deposits in Baiyanghe area began in 1950s, and two small uranium deposits were finally identified. In the 1970s, the deposit in the central site was experimentally mined by the construction engineers of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and the mine was closed in the late 1980s. In this round of prospecting and exploration, the uranium resources of the deposit were re-explored and evaluated, and the leaching process test of uranium beryllium ore was carried out. The test results show that uranium ore has the characteristics of high leaching rate and low acid consumption, and can be comprehensively recovered as an associated ore. At present, the preliminary work of comprehensive development and construction of mines is under way.
5 concluding remarks
After exploration in recent years, new uranium ore bodies have been discovered on the 22 ~ 66 line, and uranium resources have been expanded to a medium scale. At present, the working degree in the eastern part of Yangzhuang rock mass is low, and its top-bottom interface is well preserved, and mineralization has been found near the top interface. Therefore, this area is the key area for further exploration and blind exploration.
Regionally, the length of the Semistan volcanic belt is about 65,438 0.20 km. Many uranium deposits, mineralization points and anomalies have been found in the east of Baiyanghe deposit. Through the prospecting work in recent years, uranium and molybdenum prospecting targets have been found in Shuigensayi area, which shows that the Xuemisitan volcanic belt has good prospecting potential and is expected to implement several uranium polymetallic ore exploration bases after Baiyanghe uranium beryllium deposit.
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Significant progress and breakthrough in uranium exploration in China —— Examples of newly discovered and proven uranium deposits since the new century.
[About the author] Wang, male, born in 1983, is an engineer. Graduated from Shijiazhuang Institute of Economics in 2005, majoring in resource exploration engineering. 20 13 has been the director of the project technology department of the Geological Exploration Institute of the 216 Brigade of the nuclear industry, engaged in uranium geological exploration and scientific research. 20 1 1 won the second prize of national defense science and technology progress, 20 10 won the top ten geological prospecting achievement award, China National Nuclear Corporation won the second prize of science and technology, and 20 14 won the second prize of geological survey achievement of China Geological Survey.