20 1 1 In April, Huang Youjun, a Chinese teacher in Nanxian Vocational Secondary School, Yiyang City, Hunan Province, completed the restoration research of Zhang Heng's "Seismograph after the Wind". He filed a patent application: "Zhang Hengfeng's seismograph used eight tunnels to fix the capital column and the thrust plate." (Figure 1 Outline of the bottle: 1 Bottom of the bottle, 2 bottle walls, 6 taps 10 Tunnel opening, 9 toad jacks, 4 bottle caps, 3 bottle caps, 7 copper pills, 8 toads and 5 longkou. The basic structure of Hou Feng Seismograph consists of the following parts: 1, and the shape of the jar, the shell of the seismograph. 2. Eight aisles-the space separated by partitions and columns is where the organs are installed. 3. Central Fixing Column-A central column that connects and fixes internal components. 4. The device of earthquake sensing mechanism-push plate mechanism, which is similar to the anti-theft mechanism of Qin and Han tombs and the "pedal mechanism" of mousetraps. 5. Earthquake alarm device-a component that can alarm and display the direction of earthquake. Shell of seismograph: The jar has a bottom and a conical cover at the top. The upper part of the bottle body is provided with eight openings, which are longkou; There are also eight openings in the corresponding position of the lower part, which are the jack for placing toads and the entrance for installation and debugging. Eight channels: eight areas surrounded by eight partitions, columns, bottle walls and bottle bottom, corresponding to eight directions, and the bottle bottom near the bottle wall is provided with eight openings, which are channel openings. The entrance of the tunnel is on the same vertical line with Longkou and Toad Jack. The tunnel entrance is the entrance channel of seismic wave, and the opening is downward, which can improve the anti-interference ability. Central fixed column: All columns stand in the center of the bottle bottom and are fixedly connected with the bottle bottom. The column can stand on the bottom of the bottle or penetrate the bottom of the bottle. The column is fixedly connected with the partition wall, which is one of the components of the tunnel. The upper part of the stigma is fixedly connected with the Longkou through eight beams, and the inside of the bottle body is firm and stable. It's also the place to bear the hammer. Vibration sensing mechanism device: it is a thrust plate mechanism, which consists of thrust plate, amplification lever, ejector rod, crescent plate, door closing bolt, dental machine, dental machine rod, column hammer, dragon machine rod and other parts. A crossbar is installed between the two partitions, and the thrust plate is hinged on the crossbar. The transmission rod is fixedly connected to the thrust plate, and the transmission rod is pinned to the first-stage amplification lever. One end of the first-stage amplification rod is pinned on the bottle wall or partition, the other end is pinned on one end of the ejector pin, the ejector pin is pinned on the latch frame, and the other end of the ejector pin is propped on the crescent disk on the dental machine rod. The closed bolt has a zigzag structure, the dental machine is a hook on the dental machine rod, and the dental machine rod hooks the closed bolt rod through the dental machine. The top end of the dental machine rod is pivoted with the tail of the upright post hammer handle, and the middle part of the upright post hammer handle is pivoted with the cross beam, so that the hammer can fall on the upright post. The tail of the hammer handle is connected with one end of the dragon machine lever through a pin, one end of the dragon machine lever is connected with a cross beam through the pin, and the other end of the dragon machine lever is connected with a thimble, and the thimble pushes against the longkou ball. The mechanism of pushing plate is similar to the anti-theft mechanism of Qin and Han tombs, and it is also similar to the "pedal mechanism" of mousetraps. The pedal and the thrust plate are the same part. The thrust plate is buried in the soil of the tunnel, and the impulse generated by seismic waves comes in from the tunnel mouth to push the thrust plate and trigger the mechanism. A copper hammer, called a bucket ball hammer, is installed at the closing part of the thrust trigger. When the mechanism is triggered, the hammer falls on the bean and bamboo, which is equivalent to the "door" of the mousetrap. When the column hammer falls, the hammer handle pushes the dragon stick to shoot down the copper pill in the longkou, and it falls into the toad's mouth to warn against the earthquake. Earthquake alarm: It consists of eight faucets, eight balls and eight toads. The display of seismograph is the key technology to solve the technical characteristics of "Yi Long turned on the engine, but Qiqu didn't move" and "Yi Long turned on the engine, but Qiqu didn't move". The diameter of the bucket bead hammer is larger than the radius of the bucket bead, and only one bucket bead hammer can normally fall on the bucket bead; Only when the hammer falls on the capital column normally can the capital column hammer push the dragon machine rod to shoot down the Longkou copper ball. Even if all eight mechanisms were triggered, only one copper pill in Longkou was shot down, which cracked the technology of "although Yilong started the engine, the seven songs did not move". When the earthquake occurs, it is assumed to be in the east, and the tunnel entrance in the east can enter seismic waves, while the tunnel in the west is blocked by partitions and columns. The thrust fault in the east tunnel was hit by the first wave of seismic waves and turned upward. The ejector rod is pushed by the magnifying rod, pushing it away from the closed latch, thus triggering the mechanism, dropping the hammer, and driving the dragon rod to shoot down the longkou ball and fall into the mouth of the toad below, so as to accurately report the earthquake. When the second seismic wave, the shear wave, arrived, the other seven mechanisms were triggered because there was no directionality, but each of the seven hammers could not fall on the column normally and could not shoot down the ball. Thus, it is in line with the record that "although Yi Long started the engine, seven songs did not move". No matter which direction an earthquake occurs, the seismograph can measure the source direction. Seismometers buried in the ground can be directly impacted by seismic waves, just like the "listening" technology that existed in the Warring States period, which not only reduced the ground interference, but also increased the sensitivity. Pits covered with sand and fine soil can amplify the amplitude of seismic waves by three to four times; The thrust plate and the first-stage amplification lever can amplify the amplitude of seismic wave by about 100 times by adjustment. Seismographs are highly sensitive. The amplitude of the first-order earthquake is 1-4MM, and the lateral distance between the contact surface of the dental machine and the closing bolt is about 4MM. As long as the amplitude is amplified by 8- 10 times, the organ can be triggered to report the earthquake. The pushing mechanism of the tunnel is similar to the anti-theft mechanism of the Qin and Han tombs, and it is also similar to the "pedal mechanism" of the mousetrap. The pedal and the thrust plate are the same part. The thrust plate is buried in the soil of the tunnel, and seismic waves come in from the tunnel entrance to push the trigger mechanism of the thrust plate. The hammer of the mechanism is equivalent to the door of the mousetrap. After the trigger of the mechanism, the hammer falls on the hammer, and at the same time, the hammer handle pushes the dragon lever to shoot down the Longkou copper pill, which falls into the toad's mouth to warn the earthquake and show the direction of the earthquake. Omnidirectional seismograph can accurately detect earthquakes in eight directions, and can also detect earthquakes in the epicenter. When the seismograph is in the epicenter, an earthquake occurs, seismic waves enter all eight tunnels, and all eight mechanisms are triggered. Only the copper hammer that first landed on the capital pillar can push the dragon machine rod to shoot down the copper bullet to report the earthquake. It overcomes the shortcomings that "inverted pendulum" and "hanging pendulum" can not measure earthquakes at the source position. When an earthquake occurs at or near the boundary line of the adjacent direction of the seismograph, both mechanisms will be triggered, and only the first triggered mechanism can drop the copper ball.
Huang Youjun thought: Put a shelf on the table and hang a lantern on it. If Zhang Heng pushes down the table, the lantern swings in the thrust direction; If Zhang Heng pulls down the table, the lantern will swing in the pulling direction. The direction of the station has not changed, but the lantern has changed, so the principle of inertial pendulum cannot accurately measure the direction of the earthquake. When the earthquake happened, the earth was pushed and pulled by the earthquake and the ground shook. If the seismograph is made by the lantern principle, the direction of the earthquake cannot be accurately measured. Suppose: the distance between east and west is 5 kilometers, and there is an earthquake in the east. The flip in the east was triggered by the earthquake wave first, and the flip in the west was triggered by the earthquake wave one second later. The heavy hammer connected to the east falls on the capital column first, and the heavy hammer connected to the west falls later. This can be used to determine the earthquake in the east. However, the hanging basket cannot accurately measure the collapse earthquake. The trap mechanism can be designed as a push trigger mechanism and a pull trigger mechanism. The fixing of the flip cover is also exquisite. It can be driven into the ground with two small-diameter sticks (the sand is wet and firmly fixed with water). A big stone is pressed at the top of the stick, and the flap is hinged on two sticks, and the flap is buried underground. During an earthquake, when the walking stick is subjected to seismic waves, due to the principle of inertia, the displacement of the walking stick is smaller than that of the flap, and the flap flips the driving mechanism. It can also be assumed that in Shili City, Fiona Fang, a capital pillar is erected in the center of the city, and then eight heavy hammers are hung on the pillar. The heavy hammers are respectively connected with eight gates through long ropes. If there is an earthquake in the east (whether it is an expansion earthquake or a collapse earthquake), the gate in the east vibrates the trigger mechanism first, and the gate in the west vibrates the trigger mechanism one second later, and the hammer in the east falls first, thus correctly measuring the earthquake direction.
Huang Youjun pointed out that ancient people didn't know the principle of earthquakes at all, let alone shear waves and longitudinal waves, and only felt "the ground shook" during earthquakes. They think that earthquakes are "ground motions". How did the ancients measure the direction of earthquakes? This is a mystery! However, when there was a war in the ancient Warring States period, the enemy dug tunnels to attack the city. How to find the enemy digging a tunnel? At that time, the city guard thought of a way: when digging with a pickaxe, there would be a slight "ground motion" in the ground. Put the thin cowhide on the water tank and put it underground. The cowhide would vibrate and hum, indicating that the enemy was digging a tunnel! However, how to find the direction of the enemy digging tunnels? People dig holes in different directions from the shaft wall four or five feet high at the bottom of the well and cover the water tank with cowhide. When they heard the sound of the water tank, they looked for the loudest and quietest water tank. Following this straight line is the direction for the enemy to dig the tunnel. -This is China's ancient listening skills!
Huang Youjun further pointed out that if the mausoleum organs in Qin and Han dynasties were combined with listening technology, they would become simple alarm organs. A small piece of copper is glued to the cowhide of the big water tank to make a closing bolt, and then the closing bolt frame of the mechanism is pressed on this copper piece (the copper piece can slide up and down on the closing bolt frame), and the dental machine is fastened, thus forming a complete mechanism. As long as the bolt slides one millimeter, the mechanism can be triggered. This can be done at that time. The larger the diameter of the water tank, the greater the vibration amplitude of cowhide and the more obvious the effect. "Seven Stone Tanks" is a relatively large jar. "Wu Bei Zhi" records: "Listen to the urn, use the seven stone urn, …".