First of all, Qin Jun made great efforts in the past dynasties.
Qin Mugong has made great progress in politics, economy and culture, and the country is getting stronger and stronger. After Qin lost in the eastward advance, he turned to expand westward. "For 20 years, he will benefit the country, open Wan Li, and then monopolize Xirong." Therefore, Qin Mugong became one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period.
I deeply feel that "the princes are not as ugly as Qin" and I am determined to reform and strengthen. He adopted the policy of Shang Yang, legislated internally, changed customs, made the people prosperous and the country prosperous. At this point, the state of Qin defeated Chu Wei Jun and conquered thousands of miles.
King Hui of Qin accepted Zhang Yi, seized Sanchuan area, took county in the north, Hanzhong in the south, nine towns and elevations in the east, cut the land of princes, disintegrated the six-nation alliance, and made the six countries serve Qin in the west.
Zhao Haoqi of Qin got Fan Ju, strengthened the kingship, and occupied six Shandong countries with the strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near".
In the reign of the King of Qin, the later Qin Shihuang, it was even more "fierce after VI". He is good at reform, eager for talents, far-sighted and brave in decision-making. At his side, almost the best militarists and politicians in China at that time were gathered, such as Wang Jian, Wang Ben, Li Si, Liao Wei, Yao Jia and Dunwei. He is a very important figure in the rise of Qin State. Li Zhi, a famous historical critic in the Ming Dynasty, said: "When the first emperor was born, the sky suddenly fell and overturned a world", "earned a world" and "the first emperor was an emperor through the ages".
Second, the Legalist school founded the country.
If Confucianism is a docile sheep, then Legalism is a fierce tiger. Legalists pay attention to practice rather than empty talk. Legalists are radical and tough, which is exactly what Qin likes.
Shang Yang joined the State of Qin when he was in Qin Xiaogong. He learned from his teacher Li Kui's successful experience in the political reform of Wei State, advocated political reform and carried out a series of reforms. He advocated cracking down on the Confucian retro trend of thought, changing Li Kui's "Fa Jing" into "Qin Law" and promoting it throughout the country. He pointed out: "There is no hierarchy in one sentence, from the Qing Dynasty to generals, even doctors and Shu Ren. Those who disobey the king's orders, violate the state ban and create chaos are all capital crimes. " These arguments smack of equality before the law. It is conceivable to dare to put forward "a decree" when aristocratic privilege is still widespread. Later, when Qin Xiaogong died, the old nobles took the opportunity to falsely accuse Shang Yang of "rebellion" and chopped his car to death. Although Shang Yang died, the new law was promulgated for many years and deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, so it was able to continue to be implemented. The reform was successful.
Political reform has provided an economic foundation for the unification of China. Shang Yang stipulated that agriculture should be emphasized and commerce should be restrained, and agriculture should be vigorously developed. Only strong agriculture can support the expanding war. Qin implemented effective macro-management of agriculture through strict laws. Qin also rectified water conservancy projects to support the development of agriculture. Qin destroyed Chu, mobilized 600,000 troops and fought for nearly two years. If Qin did not have developed agriculture, how could it wage such a large-scale war?
Qin Wangzheng invited Han Fei, a Korean legalist. Although Han Fei was stabbed to death by Lisi shortly after he entered Qin, the king of Qin and the people around him became faithful successors of Han Fei's legal theory.
Third, the law is cruel
/kloc-Before Qin unified China in 0/35, the reformer Shang Yang made a set of complicated, strict and harsh laws for Qin, which other countries could not bear. From then on, the whole state of Qin operated in strict accordance with this set of laws, which influenced the six generations of Qin people until Qin Shihuang.
Shang Yang stipulated that the soldiers of the State of Qin could get a title, a farmhouse and several servants as long as they captured the enemy's head alive. The more beheadings, the higher the title. It can be said that the whole life is linked with war. This is Shang Yang's famous military reward system.
For China people who attach importance to family inheritance, the bugle can be passed on. If a father dies in battle, his contribution can be recorded on his son. The whole family can benefit from military service for one person. As you can imagine, in the eyes of Qin Jun soldiers, the enemy's head is the equivalent currency of status and wealth. The State of Qin two thousand years ago must have been a country with shining military uniforms. For thousands of Qin people in Qian Qian, going to war is not only for the country, but also a way to get rich and get rid of poverty. When the war begins, you will either die on the battlefield or be promoted to the rank. The military knight system made the Qin army more and more brave.
Fourth, the Qin people are tough.
In Sima Qian's works, Qin Jun is the embodiment of cruelty. In the history of China, the culture and temperament of Qin people are unique, which is probably related to the history of Qin people. Qin people were born among the rough people in the northwest and lived with nomadic people. In the view of the Central Plains countries with highly developed civilization at that time, they were backward and barbaric peoples. Although Qin people studied the Central Plains civilization hard, they never really accepted the elegant and exquisite ethics of the Central Plains civilization. In the eyes of Qin people, it is natural to be martial and strive for profit.
Han Fei recorded his first contact with Qin people in "Meeting Qin People": Qin people were barefoot and anxious when they heard that they were going to fight, and there was no difference between life and death ... In "The Warring States Policy", it was recorded that Zhang Yi described Qin Jun on the battlefield like this: they were bare-chested and bravely moving forward. Compared with Qin Jun, the armies of the six countries are like eggs hitting stones ... They put prisoners under their arms and hung their heads.
Five, cutting-edge weapons and equipment
In the terracotta warriors and horses, crossbows and arrows were found, but no bows were found. Archaeologists believe that arrows are equipped for crossbows. Unlike the bow, the Qin crossbow must be wound with the help of the whole body. Its lethality is far higher than any kind of bow at that time. These arrows are almost triangular. According to analysis, such an arrow can penetrate armor and reach the human body directly. Speaking of this, we may think of the scene of thousands of arrows in the movie Hero. Qin Jun used a crossbow against the Huns, and in just one year, he completely defeated the barbarians on horseback.
The bronze swords and spears unearthed from the Terracotta Warriors are well-made and chrome-plated. Although they have been buried underground for more than 2000 years, they are still dazzling. This technology was not officially patented in Germany and the United States until 1937 and 1950.
The craftsmen who make weapons in Qin state are serious and rigorous in making weapons. They are required to engrave their names on their weapons and be responsible for them. Qin people did not deceive themselves, so they won the final victory.
Qin's offensive weapon is so powerful, what about its defense equipment? The Historical Records says: "Qin, with a million armor." However, the soldiers in the Terracotta Warriors did not wear helmets, and the armor of the main infantry only protected the chest and back, all of which belonged to light armor, in sharp contrast to the heavy troops of Wei at that time. There seems to be only one reason for this reckless behavior: too heavy helmets and armor will only prevent them from killing their enemies.
Sixth, strict military management.
Qin Jun has strict military discipline and a clear division of labor among soldiers. At that time, Qin Jun was divided into infantry, crossbowmen, chariots and cavalry. Wei Liang strategist Liao Wei established a new military system for the State of Qin. He proposed to severely punish the generals who lost, surrendered and fled in the war, and to manage the army according to the company's establishment and unified military orders. At the same time, he trained Qin Jun to make this already formidable army stronger.
The organization and management of Qin Jun can be compared with that of ancient Rome. All parts of Qin Jun can cooperate with each other to fight the enemy. According to experts' speculation, in the battle of Changping, the crossbowmen were first made to stand at the forefront to shoot and kill the enemy, and the intensive arrows made Zhao pay a heavy price for every step forward. Generally speaking, crossbowmen only shoot three arrows. When Zhao approached, the crossbowman retreated. Fighting with them is the main force of Qin Jun-infantry.
Seven, the emphasis on talent
The emperors and emperors of the Qin Dynasty attached great importance to talents, and Qin was even more meritocratic and thirsty for talents. It is said that one day, Wang Zheng of Qin came across two articles, one was Wu Zhu and the other was Lonely and Angry. These two articles are eloquent, logical and strange, which attracted him at once. He read it several times in a row and was fascinated by it. When he learned that the author was Han Fei, he was so happy that he immediately sent 300,000 troops to South Korea to beg for Han Fei. Hanwang had no choice but to let Han Fei go to Qin with his Han Fei.
Liao Wei saw the king of Qin with his military strategist's eyes. He said to others: "The king of Qin has a high nose, long oblique eyes, a chest like a bird, a hoarse voice and an ugly howl. It must be a lack of kindness, the heart of the tiger. " It is easy to be polite to corporal when you are poor, but easy to eat people when you are successful. I am an ordinary person, but he often condescends to come to see me. If he succeeds in the world, everyone will be his slaves that day. Such a person should not associate with him for a long time. "Then he ran away. When the king of Qin learned of it, he did not hate him, but sent someone to invite him back and named him the supreme military commander of Qin. This shows that the king of Qin attaches great importance to talents.
Eight, favorable geographical location
Qin started in Guanzhong and occupied favorable terrain. "On Qin" mentioned: "The land of Qin thought that mountains and rivers were solid, and it was also a country with four blockades." Qin consolidated the country by relying on Hanguguan and Xiaoshan. A valley of letters is worth a hundred thousand troops. Qin Guoqiang can go out and attack Shandong when he is weak, and he can guard the key points when he is weak, so as to make a comeback.
Nine, the correct decision
The development of Qin caused panic in the six eastern countries, and they never looked down upon Qin again. Qin was once regarded as a barbarian land by them. Six countries are United, Su Qin is about dragon, and six countries are sealed. In this regard, Zhang Yi put forward Lian Heng's proposition for the State of Qin. In order to disintegrate the Qi-Chu Alliance, Zhang Yi did not hesitate to cheat. Later, the state of Qin gradually disintegrated the six-nation alliance by using Zhang Yi's skill of linking horizontal lines.
Fan Ju put forward the policy of "making friends far away and attacking near" to Zhao Haoqi of Qin State. That is, close attack, far friends. Just like a silkworm eating mulberry leaves, it takes a bite first, then eats it while eating it, and finally eats it up. This strategic policy was adopted by Qin Shihuang. The King of Qin adopted the opinions of Reese and Liao Wei, and was generous to the ministers of the six countries to confuse their plans. Yao Jia was appointed to alienate the six countries with money, and weak and talented people were appointed to alienate the monarchs and ministers of other countries.
In the battle of Changping, Qin Jun used tricks to spread rumors and let Zhao Kuo replace Lian Po, resulting in 400,000 Zhao troops being captured and finally raped. Zhao's main force was lost. Later, when Qin destroyed Zhao, he used a double agent. As a result, the prince of Zhao was trapped again and replaced veteran Li Mu. As a result, in less than three months, Qin occupied Zhao.
Qin Jun started from a weak country and destroyed South Korea first. However, Zhao had just suffered an earthquake and a natural disaster. Zhao was wiped out at once, and then several other countries were wiped out one after another. In ten years, the six countries were wiped out like autumn leaves. Li Bai wrote a poem praising: "Qin Wang sweeps Liuhe, and he looks forward to it!" When the sword strikes the clouds, the princes come to the West. "
X. New measures after the reunification of the six countries
Qin Shihuang announced the implementation of the county system throughout the country, which was divided into 36 counties, and later increased to more than 40 counties with external expansion. Unifying writing, weights and measures, car shapes and currency, the first emperor ordered Meng Tian to lead an army to attack Xiongnu in the north and build the Great Wall of Wan Li. Later, Cheima was overhauled. Under the command of Qin Shihuang, 500,000 Qin Jun quickly went south and unified Lingnan. During the war, a canal was dug to transport troops and rations. Although some of these projects waste people and money, they all contribute to the present and benefit the future.