I will!
since the founding of new China 52 years ago, especially since the reform and opening up, China has made brilliant achievements in science and technology.
1. a relatively complete scientific research and technology development system has been formed, and the overall level of scientific and technological development ranks among the top in developing countries. Development of domestic scientific research and experiment in 2 (R&; D) The total expenditure was 89.6 billion yuan, accounting for 1.% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of that year, ranking first among developing countries. At R& D basic research accounts for 5.2% of the total expenditure; Applied research accounts for 17.%; Experimental development accounted for 77.8%. Among them, all kinds of enterprise expenditures account for domestic R&; D 6.3% of the total expenditure is close to the level of developed countries, indicating that enterprises have gradually become China's R&: D the subject of the activity.
At present, 217 national key laboratories (including 6 national defense science and technology key laboratories), 188 national engineering centers and 294 national enterprise technology centers have been established; There are 44,536 Chinese scientific and technological papers collected by international authoritative retrieval institutions, and 92,11 patents granted by local residents, including 3,97 invention patents. In 2, the export value of high-tech products was $24.7 billion; The total income of technology, industry and trade in 53 national high-tech development zones is 677.48 billion yuan, and the industrial added value is 147.62 billion yuan.
2. Breakthrough progress has been made in the reform of the science and technology system, and the phased goals set by the state have basically been achieved. The strategic focus of scientific and technological work is shifting to the main battlefield of national economic construction, and the scientific and technological strength of enterprises has been further strengthened. 242 state-level technology development research institutes have basically completed the transformation work, and most scientific research institutions operate directly to market demand. The pilot project of knowledge innovation has achieved initial results, the reform of university management system has been basically completed, and scientific and technological resources have been optimized. Private scientific and technological enterprises have risen rapidly and the technology market has developed rapidly; The macro scientific and technological management system has been gradually improved, a new scientific and technological system adapted to the socialist market economy has taken shape, and the construction of a national innovation system is gradually being carried out.
3. Achievements have been made in the field of basic scientific research. Great achievements have been made in human gene sequencing, carbon nanotubes and nano-new materials, CAMBRIAN life explosion research, MEMS research, and ocean drilling in the South China Sea. Emerging interdisciplinary subjects such as surface science, nonlinear science, cognitive science and earth system science have developed rapidly. The construction of eight major national scientific projects, such as the Chinese mainland scientific drilling project and the large-area multi-target optical fiber spectral astronomical telescope, has created good conditions for basic scientific research in China.
4. breakthroughs have been made in high-tech research and industrialization. Major breakthroughs have been made in space high technologies such as manned space technology, launch vehicle and satellite technology. Breakthroughs in two-line hybrid rice, genetic engineering drugs, transgenic animals and plants, gene sequencing and diagnosis and treatment of major diseases have brought the overall level of biotechnology in China close to that of developed countries. Great achievements such as high-definition TV, "Shenwei" computer, large-size monocrystalline silicon material and skin stem cell regeneration technology have made China leap into the world's advanced ranks in corresponding fields. The development of national defense science and technology has laid a solid foundation for strengthening national defense strength and promoted the technological progress of national defense industry.
5. industrial and agricultural science and technology have made progress. In terms of agricultural science and technology, only during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, more than 6 new varieties were cultivated, and the yield per unit area increased by about 1%. Popularizing some important technologies, such as rice dry cultivation and sparse planting, water-saving technology, ABT plant regulator and plastic film mulching cultivation during the whole growth period of wheat dry land, has effectively guaranteed the realization of China's grain yield increase goal.
some major technological breakthroughs have been made in industrial science and technology, and the technical level of key industries has been improved. A series of great achievements have been made in the industrialization of digital program-controlled switches, oxygen-coal enhanced ironmaking technology, nickel-hydrogen batteries and amorphous materials. Combined with a series of major national construction projects, such as Three Gorges Project, national economic informatization, integrated circuit and Taishan Nuclear Power Station Phase II, through introduction, digestion, absorption and innovation, we have conquered a number of key technologies and mastered the design and manufacturing technologies of several major complete sets of technical equipment. The popularization and application of a number of important technologies such as computer aided design (CAD) and computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS) have greatly improved the technological innovation ability of enterprises. The implementation of a number of major projects, such as innovative drugs, utilization and protection of water resources, well-off housing, dating projects in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and the construction of the second phase of China Science and Technology Museum and a number of popular science facilities, have contributed to the development of social undertakings.
great achievements in China's scientific and technological development
(1) Background materials
1. Great achievements have been made in human genetic research
(1) On December 1, 1999, a research team composed of scientists from Britain, the United States, Japan and other countries announced that the first pair of human chromosome genetic codes had been translated, which was another major breakthrough in the field of human science. The human genome project is one of the three major scientific projects in human history, which is as famous as the Manhattan atomic bomb project and the Apollo moon landing project, but its value and influence on human society will far exceed the first two projects.
(2) On June 26th, 2, the first draft of human genome was finally drawn, and Chinese scientists participated in and completed 1% of the sequencing task of the draft of human genome with high quality, which showed that China scientists had the ability to rise to the forefront of international science and made important contributions.
(3) On February 12th, 2, scientists from six countries participating in the Human Genome Project jointly published the human genome map and its analysis results, and the completed map of the human genome will be drawn this year. Draw a complete human genome map and decipher all human genetic information. The implementation of this plan will continue to provide the diagnosis and prevention of human diseases, bring immeasurable changes to the pharmaceutical industry, and promote the development of life science, information science and a number of high-tech industries.
2. Aerospace technology develops rapidly
(1) On December 21st, 2, the second Beidou navigation test satellite developed by China was successfully launched, which together with the first Beidou navigation test satellite launched on October 31st, 2 constituted the Beidou navigation system. This indicates that China will have the first-generation satellite navigation and positioning system independently developed. After the completion of this system, it will mainly provide navigation services for road traffic, railway transportation, offshore operations and other fields, and will play a positive role in China's national economic construction.
(2) On January 1th, 21, China's self-developed Shenzhou II was launched from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, China, and successfully entered the scheduled orbit. On January 16th, the "Shenzhou II" unmanned spacecraft returned accurately and landed successfully. This is the first launch of China Aerospace in the new century and the second flight test of China's manned spaceflight project, which marks an important step for China to realize manned flight.
3. Make great achievements in the field of nanotechnology
Chinese scientists are at the forefront of international science and technology in nanotechnology research. Recently, Chinese scientists directly discovered the "strange" performance of nano-metal-superplastic ductility for the first time in the world. Nano-copper can be stretched more than 5 times at room temperature, which is known as "a breakthrough in this field, and it shows people for the first time how void-free nano-materials are deformed". Generally speaking, at present, China ranks fourth in the world in the total number of nano-papers, and has occupied a place in the international research of nano-materials.
4. Intelligentization of supercomputers
On November 29th, 2, the first humanoid robot independently developed in China, which has human appearance characteristics and can simulate human walking and basic operation functions, made its debut at Changsha University of National Defense Technology. The appearance of humanoid robot indicates that China's robot technology has entered the international advanced ranks.
5. The 15th Anniversary Achievement Exhibition of the National "863" Project was held
In March p>21, the 15th Anniversary Achievement Exhibition of the "863" Project was held in Beijing Exhibition Hall. Since the implementation of the "863" project in March 1986, * * * has won more than 2, patents at home and abroad, published more than 47, papers, created a cumulative new output value of more than 56 billion yuan, and generated indirect economic benefits of more than 2 billion yuan. The overall distance between the research and development level of the high-tech fields supported by the 863 Program and the world advanced level has obviously narrowed, and it has begun to occupy a place in the world high-tech fields. More than 6% of the technologies have grown from scratch, and now they have entered or approached the international advanced level, and another 25% are still behind the international advanced level, but they have also made great progress on the original basis.
(2) Analysis of the combination with teaching materials
1. From the perspective of economic common sense:
(1) Science and technology are the primary productive forces. Nowadays, science and technology play a decisive role in the development of productive forces; The competition in today's world is, in the final analysis, the competition between science and technology and talents.
(2) the huge role of finance. Economic development depends on science, scientific progress depends on talents, and talent training depends on education. The development of these institutions must rely on financial support, and a large number of scientific and technological achievements listed in the background materials are inseparable from financial support.
(3) The internationalization of international economy, the internationalization of scientific and technological development and application is one of the important manifestations. The draft human genome was an international cooperation project from the beginning, initiated by the United States, and joined by scientists from Britain, Japan, France, Germany and China.
2. From philosophical common sense:
(1) The relationship between objective laws and people's subjective initiative. A series of scientific and technological achievements have been achieved on the one hand because scientists respect objective laws, and on the other hand, they are the result of their tenacious struggle, forge ahead and give full play to their subjective initiative.
(2) Everything is divided into two parts, so we should adhere to the dualism and dichotomy. For example, a breakthrough has been made in human genetic research, which will certainly promote the development of life science, information science and a number of high-tech industries. At the same time, people are faced with new problems such as gene monopoly and excessive use of genetic achievements in pursuit of commercial interests.
(3) Understand the viewpoint of deepening development. People should deepen and expand their understanding on the basis of practice and push it forward. The research process of human genetic technology and the development of China's space technology are the inevitable results of deepening understanding and development.
3. From political common sense:
(1) The essence of international competition. The essence of today's world competition is the contest of comprehensive national strength based on economic and scientific and technological strength. Whether we can gain an advantage in the development of science and technology and enhance the comprehensive national strength based on economy and science and technology will ultimately determine our country's position in the international arena.
(2) The function of the state to lead and organize socialist modernization and the function of organizing socialist spiritual civilization
. The state vigorously develops high and new technologies and applies them to economic construction to promote economic development.