What did Cai Lun invent?
Cai Lun (about 63-121), whose courtesy name was Jingzhong. A native of Leiyang, Guiyang County in the Eastern Han Dynasty (now Leiyang City, Hunan Province). He improved the papermaking technology of the Eastern Han Dynasty and is said to be the inventor of papermaking among the four great inventions of ancient China.
Cai Lun entered the palace in the late Yongping reign of Emperor Ming of Han Dynasty, and served as Xiaohuangmen (a lower-level eunuch position) in the early years of Emperor Zhang's founding in Han Dynasty. After Emperor He of the Han Dynasty came to the throne, he was promoted to the position of Zhong Changshi and participated in the planning of national secrets. Cai Lun was a man of true talent and learning, and he performed his duties loyally as an official. He did not hesitate to offend the emperor's majesty many times and gave advice to point out the gains and losses of the court's governance.
Later, Cai Lun served as Shang Fanling and supervised the production of palace items. It is believed that it was at this time that Cai Lun began to come into contact with the best handcrafts of the Eastern Han Dynasty and improve the papermaking technology of the time. According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Biography of Eunuchs", since ancient times, books and documents have been written on bamboo slips. Later, soft silk silk appeared. However, the cost of making paper from silk silk was very high, and bamboo slips were bulky. , so Cai Lun wanted to carry out technological innovation and switched to using cheap materials such as bark, rags, hemp heads and fish nets to make paper, which greatly reduced the cost of paper making and prepared the conditions for the popularization of paper. In the first year of Emperor Yuanxing of the Han Dynasty (105 years), Cai Lun reported the results of improved papermaking to the emperor. The emperor admired Cai Lun's talents very much and promoted the improved papermaking technology to various places. In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty of Emperor Han'an (114 years) Years), the imperial court granted Cai Lun the title of Marquis of Longting, so people later called the paper "Marquis of Cai paper".
Later, Cai Lun was involved in court struggles. Under the instruction of the powerful Empress Dowager Dou, he participated in framing Emperor An's grandmother of Han Dynasty. Later, he became the right-hand assistant of Empress Dowager Dou's daughter-in-law, Empress Dowager Deng. After the death of Empress Dowager Deng, Emperor An of the Han Dynasty took over the throne and asked him to surrender to the Tingwei. In order to avoid being humiliated, Cai Lun took a bath, put on neat clothes, and committed suicide by taking poison. After Cai Lun's death, he was buried in his fiefdom, Longting (located in what is now Yang County, Shaanxi).
What did Cai Lun invent?
It’s not an invention, it’s the creation of paper for pooping. . .
Accept it
How did Cai Lun invent paper?
Cai Lun was born in Guiyang (Leiyang, Hengyang) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, with the courtesy name Jingzhong. During the reign of Emperor He, he was Zhongchangshi, who was in charge of manufacturing imperial utensils. He was granted the title of Marquis of Longting in the first year of Emperor An's Yuan Dynasty (AD 114). He summarized the experience of using hemp fiber to make paper since the Western Han Dynasty, improved the papermaking technology, and used bark and hemp heads. , rags, and old fishing nets were used as raw materials to make paper. In the first year of Yuanxing (AD 105), it was reported to the imperial court. It was also known as "Cai Hou Paper". "Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Biography of Cai Lun": "Since ancient times, contracts have been compiled with Bamboo slips; those made of silk are called paper. The silk is expensive and heavy, and is not convenient for people. Lun is a creative idea, using tree skin, hemp heads, poor cloth, and fishnets as paper." Later generations passed it down as the papermaking technology of our country. The inventor of.
Cai Lun lived in the Eastern Han Dynasty during the reign of Emperor He. He was from Guiyang, which is now the area of ??Laiyang, Hunan. A few decades before Cai Lun was born, a large-scale earthquake occurred in our country. The peasant uprising. This uprising hit feudal rule to a certain extent and promoted the development of social productivity. From the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the period of Emperor Hanhe, agriculture and handicrafts continued to progress. The development of social economy put forward the requirements for paper production. to meet higher requirements.
Cai Lun worked as a eunuch in the imperial government since he was a child, holding a lower position in the Xiaohuangmen. Later, he gained the trust of Emperor He of the Han Dynasty and was promoted to the rank of Zhongchangshi, participating in The country's confidential affairs. He also served as Shang Fanling, an official in charge of palace supplies, and supervised the craftsmen making swords and other various instruments for the royal family, so he often came into contact with the craftsmen. The exquisite skills and creative spirit of the working people gave him It had a great influence.
At that time, Cai Lun saw that it was inconvenient for everyone to write. Bamboo slips and wooden slips were too bulky, silk was expensive, and silk and cotton paper could not be mass-produced. They all had shortcomings. So he studied Improve the method of papermaking.
Cai Lun summarized the experience of artificial paper in the past and led the craftsmen to make paper from bark, hemp, rags, broken fishnets and other raw materials. Cloth, broken fish nets and other items are cut or cut into pieces, soaked in water for a long time, then mashed into a slurry, possibly steamed, and then spread into thin sheets on a mat and dried in the sun. The paper is ready.
The paper made by this method is light and thin, very suitable for writing, and has been welcomed by people. In the first year of Yuanxing of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 105), Cai Lun made This major achievement was reported to Emperor He of the Han Dynasty, who praised him. From then on, all parts of the country began to use this method to make paper.
Papermaking technology is very complex and cannot be made by one person out of thin air. In fact, before Cai Lun, working people had already used plant fibers to make paper. So we cannot say that Cai Lun invented paper, but we should also affirm that Cai Lun made a great contribution to improving papermaking technology.
Cai Lun led craftsmen to improve papermaking methods and create higher-quality paper. He proposed using bark, hemp heads, rags, and broken fishnets as raw materials, which was also a major advancement in papermaking technology. These raw materials come from a wide range of sources , are cheap, and some are recycled waste, so they can be mass-produced. As for using bark as raw material, it is a new discovery. Later generations will use wood pulp to make paper, which was inspired by Cai Lun’s use of bark to make paper.
Cai Lun succeeded in improving the papermaking method, which was a major event in the history of human culture. From then on, it was possible to mass-produce paper, which created material conditions for the printing of Shuji in the future.
After Cai Lun, others also He continued to improve his methods. About eighty years after Cai Lun's death (the last year of the Eastern Han Dynasty), another papermaking expert named Zuo Bo appeared. The paper he made was uniform in thickness, fine in texture, and bright in color. At that time, people called it This kind of paper is called "Zuo Bo paper". Unfortunately, the raw materials and manufacturing methods used by Zuo Bo are not recorded in history.
An ancient invention. Cai Lun invented ( ). Bi Sheng invented ( ).
Cai Lun invented (papermaking). Bi Sheng invented (movable type printing).
What did Marconi, Bi Sheng, Zhang Heng, Siemens, Bell, Cai Lun, Nobel, Edison, Fulton and Morse invent?
Marconi (1874~1937) Marconi, Guglielmo Italian inventor. Founder of radio communications.
Bi Sheng (? - about 1051) was a commoner in the Northern Song Dynasty and the inventor of movable type printing.
Zhang Heng (78-139), also known as Pingzi, was a Han nationality and a native of Xi'e, Nanyang (now Shiqiao Town, Nanyang City, Henan Province). He was a great astronomer, mathematician, inventor, and geographer during the Eastern Han Dynasty in my country. A writer, cartographer, litterateur, and scholar, he served as an official in the Han Dynasty and made an indelible contribution to the development of astronomy, mechanical technology, and seismology in our country. Zhang Heng invented the country's first seismograph in 132 AD. Zhang Heng authored thirty-two works, including astronomical works such as "Lingxian" and "Lingxian Tu".
Ernst Werner von Siemens (1816-1892) was a German electrical engineer, entrepreneur, inventor of electric motors, generators, trams, and compass telegraphs. He improved submarine cables, proposed the open-hearth steelmaking method, and revolutionized the steelmaking process. He was the founder of Siemens.
Alexander Bell was an American inventor and entrepreneur. He obtained the patent for the world's first usable telephone (the inventor was Italian Antonio Meucci) and founded the Bell Telephone Company (the predecessor of AT&T Company). He is known around the world as the "Father of the Telephone."
Cai Lun (the improver of papermaking among the four great inventions)
Nobel (Alfred Bernhard Nobel), born on October 21, 1833 in Stockholm, Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, military equipment manufacturer and inventor of explosives.
Thomas Alva Edison (English name: Thomas Alva Edison, 1847-1931), a world-famous inventor, physicist, and entrepreneur, has many well-known and important invention patents and more than 2,000 Xiang was awarded the title of "The Wizard of Menlo Park" by the media! He was the first person in human history to use mass production principles and electrical engineering research laboratories to engage in invention patents and have a significant and far-reaching impact on the world.
Edison has more than 2,000 inventions, including the phonograph, movie camera, tungsten light bulb, etc., which have had a great impact on the world. In the United States, Edison has 1,093 patents to his name, and his total number of patents in the United Kingdom, France, Germany and other places exceeds 1,500.
Edison is one of the famous geniuses in the history of technology. He holds 1,093 patents for inventions such as incandescent lamps, phonographs, movie projectors, and cameras. Among them, Edison's four major inventions: the phonograph, the electric light, the electric power system and the talkies have enriched and improved human civilization.
Fulton was a famous American engineer. He built the first steam-powered ship, which was 21.35 meters long. It was successfully tested on the Seine River in France in 1803, but it was destroyed by a storm that night.
Morse (Morse, April 27, 1791 - April 2, 1872), was born in Charleston, Massachusetts, graduated from Yale University, inventor and artist, he successfully invented the Morse Password.
What did Watt invent, Cai Lun. Woolen cloth?
Watt invented the steam engine, Cai Lun discovered papermaking, and the Wright brothers invented the airplane.
What did Bi Sheng, Cai Lun, and Du Shi invent?
1 Bi Sheng, a Chinese engraver and inventor, invented movable type printing.
2 Cai Lun improved the papermaking technology of the Eastern Han Dynasty and is said to be the inventor of papermaking among the four great inventions of ancient China.
3 Du Fu's works ultimately had a profound impact on Chinese literature and Japanese literature. About 1,500 poems have been preserved, and the collection of works is "Du Gongbu Collection".
His influence on Chinese classical poetry was very profound, and he was called the "Sage of Poetry" by later generations, and his poems were also called the "History of Poetry".
4 Du Mu’s poems were brilliant and handsome, he was a literary scholar, engaged in many affairs of the world, and made great achievements in the late Tang Dynasty. People at the time called him "Xiao Du"
What did Marconi, Bi Sheng, Zhang Heng, Siemens, Bell, Cai Lun, Nobel, Edison, Fulton, and Morse invent?
1: Marconi: Invented radio technology, Radio;
2: Bi Sheng, movable type printing;
3: Zhang Heng: seismograph;
4: Siemens: the first product was the telegraph machine, Using a pointer to indicate alphabetical order was not a telegraphic technique like Morse code.
5: Bell Telephone;
6: Cai Lun: Papermaking;
7: Nobel: Gunpowder'
8: Edison : Electric light....
9: Fulton: Designed and built the first steam-powered ship
10: Morse: Telegraph!
Was paper really invented by Cai Lun?
No! Let me answer!
Paper is among the four treasures of the study, and it came out later than pen, ink, and inkstone. In ancient and modern times, Cai Lun, an eunuch in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, is recognized as the inventor of papermaking.
According to Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han Dynasty": "Cai Lun, whose courtesy name was Jingzhong, was from Guiyang. ... Since ancient times, contracts have mostly been compiled with bamboo slips, and those made of silk are called 'paper' The silk is expensive and heavy, and is not convenient for people. Lun Nai made it by using tree skin, hemp heads, old cloth and fish nets as paper. , so the world is known as Caihou Paper. "
This is the earliest record of papermaking in historical documents. From the records, we can see that the raw materials used by Cai Lun in making paper were bark, hemp, old cloth, fishing nets and other cheap materials. The paper produced in this way was low-cost and was quickly promoted and applied.
However, there are also some documents recording examples of the use of paper before Cai Lun. For example, Ban Gu's "Book of Han" records the use of paper to wrap medicine before 12 BC. In particular, the Western Han Dynasty paper unearthed in this century at Fangmatan, Tianshui, Gansu, the Maquanwan beacon site in Dunhuang, and the Xuanquan post site in Tianshui, Dunhuang, has proven with existing objects that papermaking had already appeared in the Western Han Dynasty long before Cai Lun invented it. the use of paper. This is about 170 years before Cai Lun invented papermaking.
From the above we can also see that paper was invented as early as the Western Han Dynasty. The quality of the paper at that time was poor and could not be used for writing. It was not until the late Western Han Dynasty that the quality of paper improved. It was on the basis of this papermaking technology that Cai Lun improved the raw materials and processes and produced high-quality paper. In particular, Cai Lun expanded the raw materials for papermaking and provided the basis for the widespread use of various plant fiber papermaking in the future. condition.
What did Cai Lun invent in a nutshell
Before the invention of paper, people used various methods to record text: the ancient Sumerians wrote on clay tablets; The ancient Egyptians wrote on papyrus made of aquatic plants that grew abundantly along the Nile River; the ancient Indians used birch bark and bay leaves as writing materials; and the Europeans recorded words on sheepskin; most Chinese books are made of bamboo. Such a book is obviously extremely cumbersome. Some books were made of silk, which was expensive and not popular. It wasn't until Cai Lun of the Eastern Han Dynasty improved papermaking technology and used linen and fishing nets to make plant fiber paper that the world's writing history took a turn.
Cai Lun was a eunuch in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China. He once served as Shangshu Ling (in charge of the production of swords and other royal utensils for the court). He summarized his papermaking experience since the Western Han Dynasty, and after countless experiments, he finally found a cheap material - bark, rags (linen), hemp heads, fishing nets and other raw materials to refine high-quality paper.
In the manufacturing process, bark, hemp heads, rags, broken fishing nets and other items are first cut or mashed, soaked in water for a certain period of time, then mashed into a slurry, then added with plant ash for cooking, and then added The tree paste is mixed into pulp, then spread into thin sheets on a mat and left to dry in the sun. The final process is completed. The original tattered linen cloth and fishing nets magically turned into pieces of soft paper. This method of using cheap materials such as linen and fishing nets to make plant fiber paper is conducive to mass production of paper due to the wide range of sources and low prices of papermaking raw materials. Moreover, the paper produced by this method is light and thin, suitable for writing and carrying, and is very popular among people.
In the first year of Yuanxing of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 105), Cai Lun dedicated a batch of high-quality paper he produced in Shangfang to Liu Zhao, Emperor He of the Han Dynasty. Emperor He of the Han Dynasty praised his talent very much and immediately issued an order to the world. use. Soon, this method of papermaking spread throughout the country. Because Cai Lun was once named Longtinghou, this kind of paper was also called "Caihou Paper" by people at that time. After the invention of papermaking, it greatly promoted cultural exchange and dissemination. On the basis of Cai Lun's papermaking, later generations continued to improve papermaking technology and create more exquisite paper. With the exchange and development of Chinese and foreign economic and culture, it spread to many countries in the world.
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