Author/Publisher: Source: Science and Technology Daily Release Date: 2008-2-3 16:35:00 Reading: 141 The research team is developing the basis for various modern greenhouses suitable for my country's different climate and environmental characteristics. We have established a standardized technical system for high-yield, high-quality and safe production of main greenhouse fruits and vegetables. It mainly includes: establishing the knowledge base of the main fruit and vegetable management expert system in the multi-span greenhouse, the growth simulation model and knowledge model of the main fruit and vegetable crops; establishing the facility tomato soil and organic nutrient matrix cultivation technology system; formulating the technical regulations for the long-season cultivation of greenhouse tomatoes; establishing It has developed a low-cost, high-quality factory-based plug seedling technology system for vegetables and flowers.
This is a historic leap forward in my country’s main greenhouse fruit and vegetable cultivation technology, and provides technical support for comprehensively improving the market competitiveness of my country’s greenhouse fruit and vegetable products.
Proposing an energy-saving and high-yielding technology system
Cucumbers and tomatoes are the two vegetables most consumed by people in my country. The research team first innovated key technologies for high-yield, high-quality and safe soil cultivation of cucumbers and tomatoes in solar greenhouses. Corresponding cultivation technical regulations have been established.
In terms of cucumber production, we screened out excellent varieties suitable for long-season cultivation in solar greenhouses - Mini No. 3, Yongchang 9618 and Mini No. 2; determined the planting density suitable for energy-saving all-season cultivation of cucumbers; proposed In order to improve the photosynthetic intensity of cucumbers in winter and spring, the best combination of temperature and carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse at different times of the day in different seasons was clarified; the best combination of temperature and carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse was selected, which is beneficial to increasing the application of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse and can fully meet the nutritional requirements for the growth and development of cucumbers. Organic fertilizer formula on demand.
In terms of tomato production, tomato varieties suitable for long-season cultivation in solar greenhouses - Catalina, Liaoyuan Duoli, Jiafen No. 15 and Zhongza No. 9 - were screened out; Seedling-strengthening hormone formulas for use in high and low temperature seasons; Proposed a strategy for rational potassium fertilization of soil in the facility; Screened out an organic fertilizer formula that is beneficial to the increase of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse and can fully meet the nutritional needs of tomato growth and development; Determined the common tomato The best environmental combination for the net photosynthetic rate of leaves; on the basis of the clear understanding that potassium deficiency is an important factor in inducing rotten fruit and that weak light during the white ripening period of the fruit is most likely to cause rotten fruit, comprehensive technical measures to prevent tomato rotten fruit are proposed.
The research team also proposed a pollution-free production technology system for the main vegetables in solar greenhouses suitable for the northwest region, screened out 50 special varieties of vegetables and fruits, and selected vegetables and fruits suitable for solar greenhouse production in the northwest region. There are 15 special varieties of fruits and flowers; water-saving irrigation technology has been optimized and a water-saving irrigation system has been established. Expert comments:
Through the key technological innovation of high-yield, high-quality and safe soil cultivation in solar greenhouses, the research team formulated technical regulations for energy-saving and pollution-free all-season production of cucumbers in solar greenhouses and technical regulations for long-season cultivation of tomatoes. After the lowest temperature - In the 25°C area demonstration, the maximum yield of cucumbers was 31.2 kilograms per square meter, and the maximum yield of tomatoes was 33.4 kilograms per square meter. It has doubled the output of tomatoes and cucumbers per unit area in solar greenhouses, which is also the highest output index of tomatoes and cucumbers per unit area in solar greenhouses in my country's "Three Norths" region.
The project also developed technical regulations for the pollution-free production of 10 types of vegetables in solar greenhouses suitable for the northwest region, especially quantitative regulations for the cultivation of 5 types of vegetables in solar greenhouses, including cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, melons and eggplants. The yield per unit area is increased by 24.6% on average, and it saves 40%-50% of water and energy than ordinary irrigation methods.
Create a tree-type tomato cultivation model
Plant “tomato trees” so that tomatoes, like apples and peaches, can bear a full tree of fruits and achieve a high yield. The research team developed special facilities and substrates for tomato tree-type substrate cultivation. The facility consists of a liquid storage system, a liquid supply system, a cultivation tank, a liquid return system and a control system; it screened out medium-sized tomato varieties suitable for tree-type cultivation. The fruit is Belle, and the small fruit is Jingdan No. 6. In addition, the research team also established technical regulations for the balance management of nutrient solutions at different growth stages. That is, based on the water quality, temperature and light conditions and tomato growth stages in different regions, the nutrient solution formula suitable for tomato tree matrix cultivation has been optimized; a technical procedure for the dynamic management of nutrient solution for tomato tree matrix cultivation has been established. By applying this technical procedure, during the 10-year cultivation period In -12 months, the number of fruits per plant of medium-sized tomato fruit varieties reached more than 14,000, and the number of fruits per plant of small tomato fruit varieties reached more than 25,000.
At present, the research team has promoted more than 300 plants in Beijing, Zhuhai in Guangdong, Chengde and Sanhe in Hebei, and Yangquan in Shanxi. Expert comments:
The successful development of the tree tomato cultivation model fully demonstrates the powerful role of modern science and technology, provides new ideas for innovative crop production models, and can be used as a sightseeing agriculture and science education agriculture. Modern project.
In addition, the research team also developed a tomato cultivation technology model that crushes corn stalks, wheat straw, etc., adds biofertilizer to decompose it, and then adds a certain proportion of decomposed organic fertilizer to form organic soil, and uses bumblebee pollination and summer shading. , increasing the application of carbon dioxide combined with integrated water and fertilizer nutrient supply, using water and fertilizer to reduce ground temperature, temperature and light management, and the integration of related supporting greenhouse management technologies, established technical regulations for tomato long-season summer cultivation, and demonstrated that the tomato yield per square meter reached 33.6 per square meter. Kilogram.
Developing factory-based seedling technology
With the goal of low-cost and high-quality factory-based plug seedling culture, the research team has carried out a series of factory-based seedling technology and innovations in a series of equipment and products. .
Firstly, we designed a seedling bed frame suitable for 12-meter-span solar greenhouse application; developed the syz-4 monorail suspended indoor sprinkler; based on the first discovery of the relationship between the shape of the hole in the plug plate and the quality of the seedlings , it has been clarified that when the seedlings are young, it is better to use circular hole plug trays, and when the seedlings are longer, it is better to use polygonal holes plug trays; an adsorption manual seeder is developed, which can improve the efficiency of manual seeding 5- 6 times; secondly, we researched and developed a nutrient mother agent that can replace spraying nutrient solution, 3 kinds of vegetable soilless seedling nutrient substrates, and 2 kinds of plug seedling strengthening agents, and clarified the nutritional area and seedling age of vegetable plug seedlings and vegetable yield. The relationship between healthy vaccination, induced resistance and physical protection and other immune nursery protection systems was proposed, and three kinds of chemicals, chlormequat, chitin and fulvic acid, were screened out to induce disease resistance and strengthen the vaccine. Combining prevention and control methods such as disinfection of utensils and isolation of pests and diseases; the first watermelon root-cut grafting technology system was established in China; the survival rate of grafted seedlings reached more than 95%, and the grafting speed increased by more than 4 times; the research proposed the seedling socket grafting method, Three sets of tomato-tomato, eggplant-tomato grafting techniques including large seedling grafting method, the grafting survival rate reaches 95%-98%.
The research team also studied and proposed the quality-preserving storage and transportation technology of factory-based plug seedlings, clarified the postpartum physiological changes of main fruit and vegetable seedlings, and determined the safe time limit for postpartum transportation and storage of vegetable seedlings; Empirical formulas for core indicators of physiological changes and seedling quality retention rate. Based on the study of the impact of different seedling conditions and transportation and storage environments on the maintenance of quality of tomato seedlings, the technical system for transportation and storage of vegetable seedlings was clarified; based on the above research, technical specifications for post-production storage and transportation of main fruit and vegetable seedlings were proposed---post-production transportation technology of vegetable seedlings specification.
Based on the above research results, a low-cost and high-quality industrial plug seedling technology system for major vegetables was established, and the production methods of nine kinds of vegetables including watermelon, melon, cucumber, eggplant, tomato and broccoli were proposed. The technical procedures for factory-based seedling breeding have been applied in production and have achieved significant social and economic benefits. Expert comments:
The innovation of low-cost and high-quality factory plug seedling cultivation technology and the construction of a system have greatly reduced the sales price of vegetable factory plug seedlings, making it difficult to grow seedlings in factories for many years due to price reasons. The large-scale promotion and application of vegetable factory plug seedlings in my country has improved the seedling quality of my country's facility vegetables as a whole and promoted the industrialization of facility vegetables. It is a major integrated technological breakthrough that saves costs and increases efficiency.
In addition, the research team also proposed four-season crabapple, feathered cockscomb, savoy kale, peacock grass, petunia, bunch of reds, belle cherry, periwinkle, zinnia, marigold Technical regulations for factory-based seedling cultivation of 15 kinds of flowers including chrysanthemum and marigold; established a technical system for long-distance transportation of plug seedlings; proposed pre-cooling and night transportation of seedlings in summer, using special packaging boxes for plug seedlings and box-type transport vehicles or seedling boxes A technical method for transporting plug seedlings and preserving their quality by covering them with a tarpaulin to maintain good heat insulation and moisture retention capabilities. These technologies have been demonstrated and achieved significant benefits