Electric vehicles predate the internal combustion engine-powered cars we most commonly see today. The Hungarian inventor and engineer Jedlik ?nyos, the father of the DC motor, first tested an electromagnetic rotating mobile device in the laboratory in 1828. American Thomas Davenport built the first DC motor-driven electric car in 1834. In 1837, Thomas received the first patent in the American motor industry. Between 1832 and 1838, Scotsman Robert Anderson invented the electric carriage, a vehicle powered by a primary battery that could not be recharged. In 1838 Scotsman Robert Davidson invented the electric train. The tram that is still running on the road today was patented in England in 1840.
The history of battery electric vehicles. The world's first electric car was born in 1881. The inventor was the French engineer Gustave Truve. It was a three-wheeled vehicle powered by lead-acid batteries; in 1873, it was used by the British Robert Davidson. Electric vehicles invented using primary batteries as power are not included in the scope of international recognition. Later, lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and fuel cells appeared as electricity. 1860-1920 stage: With the development of battery technology, electric vehicles were widely used in Europe and the United States in the second half of the 19th century. In 1859, the great French physicist and inventor Gaston Plante invented the rechargeable lead-acid battery.
From the late 19th century to 1920, in the early automobile consumer market, electric vehicles had more advantages than internal combustion engine-driven vehicles: no smell, no vibration, no noise, no need to shift gears, and low price, which formed the The world's automobile market is divided into three parts: steam, electric and internal combustion engines. 1920-1990 stage: With the development of Texas oil and the improvement of internal combustion engine technology in the United States, electric vehicles gradually lost their advantages after 1920. The automobile market is gradually being replaced by cars driven by internal combustion engines. Only a few trams and trolleybuses and very limited battery cars (which use lead-acid battery packs and are used in golf courses, forklifts, etc.) remain in a few cities.
The development of electric vehicles has stagnated for more than half a century. As oil resources continue to flow to the market, people have almost forgotten that electric vehicles exist. Relative technologies used in electric vehicles: electric drive, battery materials, power battery packs, battery management, etc. cannot be developed or applied. As a green sunrise industry, electric vehicles have been developing in China for ten years. In terms of electric bicycles, by the end of 2010, the number of electric bicycles in China had reached 120 million, and it was growing at an annual rate of 30%.
From the perspective of energy consumption, electric bicycles are only one-eighth that of motorcycles and one-twelfth that of cars.
From the perspective of occupied space, an electric bicycle occupies only one-twentieth of the space of an ordinary private car.
From the perspective of development trends, the market prospects of the electric bicycle industry are still promising.
Electric bicycles were once favored by low- and middle-income people in cities for their functional advantages of being cheap, convenient, and environmentally friendly. From the research and development of China's electric bicycles to the launch of small batches on the market in the mid-1990s, to the production and sales since 2012, China's electric bicycles have been growing significantly year by year. Due to strong demand, China's electric bicycle market has been growing by leaps and bounds in recent years.
Data show that in 1998, the national output was only 54,000 units, and in 2002 it was 1.58 million units. By 2003, China's electric bicycle output reached more than 4 million units, ranking first in the world. From 1998 to 2004 The average annual growth rate exceeds 120. In 2009, the output reached 23.69 million vehicles, a year-on-year increase of 8.2. Compared with 1998, it has increased by 437 times, and the development speed is quite amazing. The average annual growth rate of electric bicycle production in the above statistical years was around 174.
According to industry forecasts, the electric bicycle market will reach 100 billion yuan by 2012, and the market potential of electric vehicle batteries alone exceeds 50 billion yuan. On March 18, 2011, four ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Notice on Strengthening the Management of Electric Bicycles", but it ultimately became a "dead letter." This means that the electric vehicle industry is facing huge pressure for market survival in a long-term improving environment, and policy restrictions will become a sharp sword for the survival of many companies; while the external environment, the international economic environment is weak, and recovery is weak, which also makes the electric vehicle industry The export dividend of cars will be greatly reduced.
As for electric vehicles, the "Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan" has been clearly reported to the State Council. The "Plan" has been elevated to a national strategic level, aiming to lay out a new situation for the automobile industry. As one of the seven strategic emerging industries identified by the country, the planned investment in new energy vehicles will reach 100 billion yuan in the next 10 years, and the sales volume is ranked first in the world.
By 2020, new energy vehicles will be industrialized, energy-saving and new energy vehicles and key component technologies will reach the internationally advanced level, and the market share of pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles will reach 5 million units . Analysis predicts that from 2012 to 2015, the average annual growth rate of electric vehicle sales in the Chinese market will reach about 40%, most of which will come from pure electric vehicle sales. By 2015, China will become the largest electric vehicle market in Asia.