The cutter of the shield machine is driven by the rotary hydraulic motor, and at the same time, the tank that the shield machine is advancing is opened, and the shield machine moves forward, forward and forward with the tank. The muck bin cut by the rotary cutter is filled with soil, and then the cut muck is discharged onto the conveyor belt. After the conveyor belt, the car is transported to the muck and soil, and then transported to the ground through the shaft.
2。 Tunnel control volume and unloading speed
When the soil chamber and screw conveyor are inserted into the groove to cut off the ballast soil accumulated on a certain amount of silt excavation face, the soil resistance will increase. When the water pressure and the position of the earth pressure soil excavation surface balance the earth pressure and groundwater, the excavation surface will be stable, and the surface of the excavated ground part should not cause collapse or uplift. Then, when the amount of muck is transferred from the screw conveyor and the balance position is reduced, the excavation work will be carried out smoothly. . & lt Assemble from a ring
TBM Tunnel/> In the third stage, the installer assembles the single-layer lining segment through the operation of the assembler operator, so that the tunnel can be formed at one time. Various components of shield machine
The indispensable function of shield machine construction is 6.28 meters and 65 meters long, of which the shield machine is 8.5 meters long. After long-term equipment of 56.5 meters, the total weight is about 406 tons, the total power distribution is 1577kW, and the maximum torque is 5300kN? M, the maximum propulsion is 36400kN, and most tunnels in Shaanxi are 8cm/min faster. The shield machine is mainly composed of nine main components, namely shield body, cutter head driver, double-chamber air brake, segment assembling machine, tipping mechanism, supporting equipment, electrical system and auxiliary equipment.
1。
Shielding body Shielding body includes three parts: front shielding body, shielding body and tail shielding body, all of which are simplified tubular parts with an outer diameter of 6.25m. The front shield and thrust cylinder are used to support the cutter driver, while the rear warehouse and office space are isolated from the pressure bulkhead, which can be applied to the excavation face to support and stabilize the pressure bulkhead that works in the excavation face. The pressure in the separator is set at five different heights, and the earth pressure sensor can be used to detect the earth pressure at different heights in the soil. The rear front guard plate, guard plate and front guard plate are equipped with 30 push rods around the shielding layer in the oil tank through flange bolts, which improves the safety. The push rod at the back is always pushed and installed on the tubesheet. By controlling the push rod of the hydraulic cylinder, the forward force can be provided for the shield machine. These 30 jacks are vertically and horizontally divided into four groups: A, B, C and D. During tunneling, the pressure of each group of cylinders can be controlled by the operation room, so as to realize the shield machine. Behind the shield is the shield tail, and behind it is 14 passive articulated cylinder connected with the shield. This connection allows the articulated shield machine to be easily opened.
2。
Knife is a multi-feed slot with cutter head, which is located in front of the opening of shield machine and used for cutting soil. The cutter is about 28% and the diameter of milling cutter is 6.28 meters. The shield machine can also cut soft and hard soil according to the maximum diameter, and support the driving part with four banners, which are used to connect the cutter and the cutter. The cutter and flange for installing hard rock or soft soil reamer are also equipped with overbreak, and the shield machine is rotating and can be operated. Piston rod stroke of 50 mm overbreak tool cylinder. All types of installation tools connected to the cutter by bolts can be replaced from the back of the cutter soil chamber. It is equipped with a rotary joint, whose function is to overbreak bentonite and hydraulic cylinder for the foam cutter or knife on the input panel to transport hydraulic oil to the rear flange.
3。 Tool head driving device
The bolt cutters are firmly connected with the flange pressure bulkhead through the front shield, so that the bolt cutters can realize the clockwise and counterclockwise stepless speed change of 0-6. 1rpm. The cutter drives the main transmission gear box composed of eight representatives. Each pair of main transmission gear boxes is driven by an inclined shaft, a variable axial plunger motor and a water-cooled gear box. One group of transmission gear boxes has a pair of braking devices to brake the cutter. The shielding cover is installed on the right front partition, which is used to quantify the gear box oil of the driven spiral main gear pump, lubricate the main gear box, and cool the passage of the water-cooled oil cooler for gear oil.
4。
A double-chamber airlock with a double-chamber front cover consists of a front chamber and a main chamber. When the tools are worn in the process of excavation, the post lawyer should use the double-chamber air brake when replacing the tools in the ground. In order to avoid the collapse of the excavation face, establish and maintain the ground pressure and water pressure of the soil, the soil cabin can adapt to the depth of the pressure position when entering the soil, so the collapse of the personnel position is due to adjusting the air pressure in the front brake air chamber and the main room to adapt to the problem. Earth cabin pressure can make employees adapt to the changing atmospheric pressure and excavation cabin pressure. However, please note that only high-pressure air that has been inspected and properly trained by qualified personnel can enter through the air lock pressure of the soil chamber. Taking forcing workers from warehouse into the working environment under earth pressure as an example, the function of double-chamber airlock is illustrated. A former staff member entered the main room in the first room, and the doors of the front room and the main room, which were isolated from the main room according to the procedure, were pressurized. The pressure in the pressure chamber is the same as the soil all the way to the main silo. When the main room and the mud drain valve are in the open position, the room between the door staff is isolated from the mud, and the contract is opened and enters the soil. Then, if it is necessary to input soil for employee B's post, B can enter the front hall first and then close the operating environment door. The pressure between the front chamber and the main chamber is the same as that of the front chamber pressurized between the two positions, and the door between the front chamber and the main chamber is opened, so that two people can open the doors of the main chamber and the front chamber. The distance between employees B is the pressure balance between soil chambers in the main room. Beam-frame five-section assembling machine
Install segment assembly unit, rotary headstock and assembly parts. After the flange beam assembled by the walking grooving machine shields the support frame, the assembly machine installed on each assembly beam support frame connects the inner ring with the rotating frame through the outer diameter of the inner ring of the 3.2m sphere surrounded by two rollers, the flange connecting the assembly machine with the outer frame, and there are two telescopic cylinders and a beam assembly between the connector and the rotating frame. In this case, we now turn to the assembly position of the following example to explain the movement of the assembly machine. The two hydraulic cylinders can walk vertically, and the rotating frame is assembled on the assembly head along the beam direction of the tunnel axis; The support frame installed on the axial piston motors of two swash plates can make the headstock rotate about 200 degrees along the tunnel and circumferential direction by driving the ring gear assembly of the ball bearing; The assembly of telescopic cylinder head can be increased or decreased; Under the action of the assembled cylinder head, it can swing in the horizontal direction and swing in the vertical direction with the tube plate, thus relaxing the grasping function. The tubesheet assembled in this way can have six degrees of freedom and can be accurately placed on the tubesheet. Use wired or remote controller to operate segment assembling machine for manual assembly. We use a 1.2-meter-long same pipe, and one pipe consists of six ring segments, namely three standard blocks, secondary caps and temporary caps. The cover block can have 10 different positions and 10 different types of representative pipe rings. By choosing the axis and design of different types of pipe rings to form channels, the tunnel axis can be adapted. After the tunnel is formed, the pipe ring is assembled between the waterproof part of the sealing ring of the pipe and the tubesheet. Connect the rings between pipes with high strength bolts.
Unloading mechanism 6. Dumping mechanism
Shield machine includes screw conveyor and belt conveyor. The swash plate of the screw is variable. The conveyor belt driven by the axial piston motor is driven by the motor. Coming out of the earth cabin, it is transported by screw conveyor, belt conveyor and belt conveyor, and then transported back to the fourth muck truck. The truck landed on the ground, waiting for the earth ballast tank. After the earthen cans are full, they are dragged to the railway along the shaft, and the container gantry crane soldiers lie prone on the ground and pour into the ballast pit. There are two gates around the screw conveyor. The former can close the mud bin and screw conveyor, stop excavation or maintenance in an emergency, and shut down the shield machine as a whole. It can also be that the energy stored in the battery will automatically turn off under the pressure of the excavation bin to prevent water and silt from entering the shield machine. .
7 rear equipment
The equipment mainly consists of the following parts: traffic equipment business section, four supporting sections and installation, electrical components, hydraulic components, grouting equipment, foam equipment, bentonite equipment, reclaimed water recycling equipment and ventilation equipment required for shield machine to operate the upper operation room.
The transportation equipment of the transportation equipment business section includes transportation trolley, electric hoist transportation section and connecting bridge railway. Segment from the gantry, from the ground part of the car shaft, by the battery car to the first car, in front of the car with hoist-side hoist segment to the small car market, and then by the forward direction control car, supply segment assembler. B. automobiles and their equipment
Install a trolley in the operation room of shield machine and grouting equipment. There are an operation console in the operation room of the shield hard rock boring machine, a control computer, a shield machine PLC automatic control system, a VMT tunnel laser guidance system computer and an exit monitor at the back of the screw conveyor.
C.II and its equipment trolley
Both of them are contained in the hydraulic oil tank, including pumping station, oil tank bentonite, bentonite pump, oil pump and shield tail sealing grease pump. The hydraulic oil tank and oil pump station are driven by cutters to propel the oil cylinder, which provides pressure oil through hinges, segment assemblers, segment transporters, screw conveyors, hydraulic jet pumps and other equipment. The pump station is equipped with a hydraulic oil filtering and cooling circuit, and the hydraulic oil cooler is water-cooled. When shielding the sealing grease pump, the line pressure is from 12 to seal the brush and tube sheet of sealing grease at the shield tail of the shield machine in three rows to prevent the slurry reinjected into the tube sheet from entering between the shields. The oil pump body of the grease pump shields the small grease barrel, which is used as a shield machine, the main oil pump transmission gearbox of the small oil pump driven by a 4 kW motor, the gearbox of the screw conveyor and the rotary joint of the cutter. These fats play two roles. One function is that the lip seal injected between them lubricates the sealing lip, which serves as the working area and helps to prevent stolen goods from entering the area. The three parts of the spiral transmission gearbox space have another function, which is lubricated by spherical bearings.
Sisan pulley and its equipment
The third car is equipped with two air pumps, a 1 m3 gas storage tank, a power distribution cabinet and a secondary fan. The pump can provide a pressure of 8 bar and store it in a compressed air tank. Compressed air can be used to drive tail grease pump, sealing and pneumatic grease pump, sewage pump, songzha and excavation chamber to pressurize. When bentonite is used for operation, the tail grease pneumatic switch. When it is used with foam, the soil that forms mixed bubbles with water is an 8 bar pneumatic tool. 1 1kW motor drives the secondary fan to pump fresh air to the position of No.4 car in the middle of the well and continue to approach the shield machine, providing good ventilation for the shield machine.
May 4th trolleys and equipment
The fourth transformer is installed in the trolley, cable drum, drum tube and tube box. In the tunnel of 100mm, the two inner diameters of the pipeline are shield machine, oil return pipe, pipeline reservoir and pipeline reel connected with the ground, and the high-pressure pump and reservoir are connected with the reservoir and shield machine respectively to drive the shield laying section. In general, the pressure of water heating pipe of 5BAR shield machine is controlled around the roller. During normal driving, the water entering the water system of the shield machine has the following uses: squeezing oil, main drive gear oil, air compressor, electrical components of the power distribution cabinet, auxiliary cutter head transmission gear box and cooling function, which can be used for the shield machine and clean water to provide synthetic foam. The reservoir is cooled by circulating water in the cooling tower. The air duct is equipped with a folding box-type air duct, and the air duct and the ventilation shaft are connected with the shield machine of the fresh air tunnel through muscle grounding. Fresh air is provided through the fourth position of the pipeline trolley.
8。
Shielding electrical equipment Electrical equipment includes cable drum, main power cable, transformer, power distribution cabinet, power cable, control cable, control system, operation console, field console, display behind screw conveyor, motor, socket, lighting and grounding. Minimum IP5.5 level of the protected electrical system. The main power supply line is connected to the cable reel, and 10kV high voltage is transmitted to the main power supply cable. The ground is connected to the tunnel through high-voltage cables along the tunnel, and then the transformer is inserted into the 400V and 50Hz power supply to become a low-voltage distribution cabinet, which passes through the power cable and the shield machine of the control cable. Siemens S7-PLC is a control system, which is used to control the control system of shield machine and is an important part of the main function. Because the tunnel needs to be shielded, the driver of the shield machine presses the button on the operator's console, which is an example of transmitting electrical signals on the PLC control system. The propulsion control system first analyzes whether the conditions are met (such as whether the hydraulic pump of the propulsion cylinder is turned on and whether the lubrication system works normally). ). If you don't have the promotion conditions, you can't be promoted. If the conditions are met, the control system will light the indicator light of the forward button, but when the control system opens the solenoid valve of the cylinder control valve in advance, the solenoid valve will open, thus opening the propulsion cylinder control valve. The PLC is installed in the control room, and the power distribution cabinet is equipped with a remote interface. The PLC system and the operation console control the computer, and are connected to the SLS-T tunnel laser guidance system of your computer VMT. The operation console of TBM operation room and the console next to the shielding of mobile equipment (such as segment assembler, crane section, section transport vehicle, etc.). ) operate the shield machine in a certain position to realize various functions. Equipped with computer control system to monitor the operation of the console, buttons and knobs with various functions can be used to adjust the pressure, speed and pressure, or to display the length of the long cylinder assembly and the rear display ports of various key switches. The unearthed screw conveyor is used to monitor the synthetic foam of all hydraulic pumps, belt conveyors, foam pumps and water pumps, such as the electrification of bentonite pump motors.
When the motor power is 30kW or less, the direct mode is used; When the motor power is greater than 30kW, in order to reduce the starting current, the star delta starting mode is adopted.
9. Auxiliary equipment, including ancillary equipment
Data acquisition system, S, S-T tunnel laser guiding system, grouting equipment, foam equipment, bentonite equipment. Hardware appliance
The data acquisition system has certain configuration requirements, and the computer can contact the original computers such as modems, converters and telephone lines. The computer can be placed in the control room on the ground and always keep in touch with the automatic control system PLC of the tunnel boring machine, thus connecting the data acquisition system with the PLC automatic control system of the shield machine. The data acquisition system of shield machine has the same information about the current state, segment assembly and stop tunneling, and records, processes, stores, displays and runs all the key parameters monitored by the data acquisition system. Ground personnel can monitor the ground monitoring of shield rooms in each system. Under the real-time operation condition of the data acquisition system, they can also perform the following tasks: before the tunnel shield machine, find the information of the file, and connect the printer and the PLC program of the tunnel shield machine through a drilling report in each ring.
B. Tunnel laser-guided drilling system
The SLS-T tunnel laser guidance system of VMT company in Germany mainly has the following functions: ① The accurate position of the corresponding tunnel design axis formed by the laser guidance system on the computer screen can be displayed on the axis of the graphic shield machine at any time in the tunnel, so that the operator can adjust the posture of the shield machine accordingly and make it rotate near the axis of the tunnel shield machine design axis, so the axis deviation between the axes of the tunnel shield machine can be designed to maintain a small numerical range. (2) After the laser guidance system for tunnel excavation is completed, the numerical value can be obtained. The elongation of the articulated cylinder of the propulsion cylinder and the piston rod of the cylinder is calculated from the plane of a pipe ring in the PLC automatic control system of the shield machine, and then the type of combined assembly of this ring segment is calculated and selected by considering the factors such as the gap of the shield tail input into the computer of the artificial tunnel excavation laser guidance system. ③ Each ring can provide a complete attitude and heading data file and other related information. ④ The standard geometrical features of the theoretical axis of the tunnel can be obtained through design and calculation. ⑤ Connect the telephone line with the ground through the modem, so that the ground can be a computer to monitor the posture of the shield machine in real time. The main components of tunnel system are laser-guided laser theodolite, laser target and prism, yellow box, control box and computer of tunnel laser guidance system. When the shield machine is installed with a laser theodolite temporarily fixed on the segment and moved forward, the laser theodolite must move forward, which is called moving station. The laser target is fixed on the shield of the double-chamber airlock. The laser beam of laser theodolite is emitted from the laser target, and the incident angle and refracted laser angle can be determined. The laser target also has another inclinometer, which is used to measure the inclination angle of vortex and shield machine. According to the data of laser theodolite, laser target and related point coordinates, the laser guidance system for tunnel excavation calculates the accurate position of the current shield machine shaft. The control box is used to organize the laser theodolite and laser target between the computer of tunnel contact laser guidance system and the power supply of yellow square and laser target. The yellow box is a laser theodolite used for power supply and data transmission. All computer systems of data tunnel laser guidance system are comprehensively calculated and evaluated. The results can be displayed graphically or digitally on the screen.
Grouting equipment includes two injection pumps, mud tanks and pipelines. In this shaft, the mud is put on the mud truck, the mud shield machine is pulled by the battery car of the car, and the mud pump pumps the mud into the mud tank next to the mud tank of the car. The two injection pumps have two outlets, so when a total of four outlets are directly connected to the circumferential direction of the four grouting pipe distributed from the tail, the mountain slurry pumped by the tunnel boring machine and the injection pump is injected into the annular synchronous channel between the solidified plates and the soil slurry at the four outlets, which can play a role in forming a stable tube plate. In order to adapt to the speed, the speed of excavation grouting equipment can be controlled according to the pressure grouting quantity. The minimum to maximum injection pressure can be selected in advance, which can achieve two purposes. First, the tail seal will not be damaged, and some parts will not be subjected to unnecessary pressure. The second is not to disturb the surrounding soil as much as possible. There are two grouting methods: manual and automatic. You can manually select 4. In the grouting pipeline, the operating system of the grouting platform is started by the operator on the spot. Automatic mode is to start the grouting system and shield excavation in the preset worksheet at the grouting site.
D.
The foam device system comprises a foam box, a foam pump, a water pump, a flowmeter, a four-way solution valve, a liquid flow control valve, a four-way gas flowmeter, a foam generator and four air volume connecting pipes. Foam device, foam and foam are injected into the excavation chamber of shield machine to improve soil excavation. After adding foam into the soil as the supporting medium, the shape, fluidity and flexibility of the shield machine can be improved through water seepage, which can reduce the driving power of the shield machine, but also reduce tool wear. The water pumped from the foam pump and the water pump in the water tank shields the specific gravity of the driver through the operation instruction to form a foam pump of the solution. The control system is installed at the outlet of liquid flow measurement to pump water flow and control the output of foam pump according to the mixing ratio of flow to complete this instruction. The mixed solution supplied to the shield is distributed into the delivery pipeline of 4, and the solution and liquid flow through the dose control valve and are sent to the foam generator of 4 at the same time with the input compressed air. Before mixing foam in the foam generator, compressed air must first pass through the gas flowmeter and the air dose control valve. Foam solution and compressed air are also driven by the mixing ratio of shield machine. This command receives the information needed for the liquid to flow through the shield and the air flow control system, and controls the air regulating valve and the dose control valve. Finally, the foam is cut by four rotary joints along the pipeline, and then injected into the optical disk through the opening cutting excavation cavity. In the control room, the operator may also need to add foam from the excavation room to select four rows.
Bentonite bentonite equipment can also be used to improve soil quality, which is beneficial to shield machines. Bentonite equipment includes bentonite tank, bentonite pump, nine pneumatic control valves and pipeline bentonite connecting pipe. And the bentonite side of the bentonite truck and the battery truck towing the vehicle and the bentonite of the automobile are pumped into the tank. Need to inject bentonite, bentonite, bentonite pump is a pump that pushes to the shielding body and can run as required. When operating the console in the control room, the control valve is a pneumatic control line to switch bentonite, which is added to the excavation room, mud bin or screw conveyor.
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Integral shield machine is a complex mechatronics product. . .
At a relatively mature stage! !