In 20 13 years, congjiang county completed the planting of 2,644 mu of new oil tea garden, the transformation of low-yield camellia oleifera forest 1. 1.00 million mu, the excellent fruit planting of Mercott 1.500 mu and the new walnut planting1.600 million mu. At the same time, fragrant pigs, pigs, black goats, bamboo rats and meat rabbits were added. In 2005, there were 950 junior high school students16,529, teachers, 66,237 square meters of school buildings, 65,438 sets of desks and chairs, 65,438 sets of experimental instruments and 65,438 sets of books in congjiang county. 20 10 school building floor-area ratio increased by 88656m in 2000? Seven newly-built middle schools have 4,436 students, with a gross enrollment rate of 25%. There are 530 teachers, 5,600 sets of desks and chairs, and 13 sets of experimental instruments.
Vocational school: congjiang county secondary vocational school.
High School: congjiang county No.1 Middle School.
Junior High School: congjiang county No.2 Middle School, congjiang county No.3 Middle School and other congjiang county are inhabited by Miao, Dong, Zhuang, Shui, Yao and other 19 ethnic minorities. All ethnic groups retain rich and simple national culture and traditional life customs, which are characterized by primitiveness, diversity, uniqueness, combination and scale. Among them, Dong culture represented by, Yintan, Giant Cave and Longtu, Miao culture represented by Basha and Gaodiao, Yao medicine bath culture represented by thought, population and family planning culture represented by thought, Zhuang culture represented by Gangbian and Li Yong, Drum Tower Group, Huaqiao Group and residential buildings represented by Zengchong.
Material and cultural heritage
There are Gaozeng Huang Xiao Village, named as "the hometown of Chinese folk art" by the Ministry of Culture, and Gaozeng Lizhan Village, which is listed as a "paradise" of national key protected cultural relics. There are endless long queues in Shili Citrus Garden, Yao medicine baths with magical curative effects, Sizhaihe Amusement Park, Duliujiang Golden Tourist Line, and ethnic fireworks festivals, Dragon Boat Festival, Bullfighting Festival, Tibetan Festival and Citrus Festival.
Intangible cultural heritage
In 2008, Yao medicine (medicated bath therapy) declared by congjiang county was selected into the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. There are many national and folk festivals in Congjiang, most of which are concentrated in autumn and winter. Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Chinese New Year Festival, July Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double Ninth Festival are the same festivals for all ethnic groups in Congjiang, but due to different ethnic groups, their activities are also different. For example, during the Spring Festival, the Dong people will generally hold activities such as offering sacrifices, blowing sheng stepping on the hall, raising officials, swinging, catching chickens in the Drum Tower, eating acacia, performing Dong opera and bullfighting. Miao people carry out activities such as ancestor worship, Lusheng competition, firing guns, stepping on karaoke bars and shooting birds. There are many unique festivals among various ethnic groups, branches and villages, with different holiday times, rich ethnic colors and mysterious holiday atmosphere. Generally, it can be divided into three types: sacrifice, agricultural festivals and commemoration.
Sacrificial festivals mainly include drum festival (ancestor worship festival), Miao festival, Dong Tibetan festival, frozen fish festival and Yangjia year, Mao festival and Duan festival of Shui nationality, Mid-Autumn Festival of Zhuang nationality and so on.
There are many agricultural festivals, including Miao transplanting festival, Spring Festival, Swallow Festival, Seedling Opening Festival, Blessing Festival, Grain Cutting Festival and Bagging Festival. Dong people have Shehuo Festival, Cotton Festival and Raking Festival, and Yao people have January Festival, Miaojie Yang (Zongba Festival) and Cotton Festival (niujie Festival).
The most famous commemorative festivals are Longtu Festival and Luo Xiang Lusheng Festival. The main ways of Yao's long waist drum are long waist drum, ordinary small drum and special clothing.
Long waist drum is different from ordinary waist drum. Ordinary waist drum is small at both ends and big in the middle, hitting the waist. The long waist drum is big at both ends and small in the middle. It is made of a whole paulownia tree and is played in your hand. The total length of the long waist drum is about 90 cm, and the diameter of both ends is about 10 cm. It gradually tapers from both ends to the middle, and the diameter of the smallest point in the middle is only about 4 cm. It is recommended to hold the thumb and forefinger together to maintain stability. Hollow in the middle and tied with cowhide at both ends. Some long waist drums are decorated with colored lines at a distance of 2-3 cm from both ends.
Dancing Yao's long waist drum dance is a patent for Yao men. Usually two or four people jump at the same time. When the venue is spacious, it can also be increased to six or eight people. When dancing Yao's long waist drum dance, one person sings long waist drum dance songs in ancient Yao language, and the other person plays drums to accompany them. Dancers each hold a long waist drum, accompanied by the sound of gongs and drums and the melody of Yao songs. Tap the long waist drum with four fingers while dancing. This kind of dance action is complex and changeable, with large amplitude and strong strength.
Yao songs accompanied by Yao's long waist drum dance are recorded in Chinese characters. The full text of the lyrics is 96 sentences and 658 words. Dong people offer sacrifices to Sa Sui.
Sasui is the highest female ancestor of Dong nationality. It is said that "sowing ears" can exorcise evil spirits and protect villages and people. Dong people believe that only by offering sacrifices to "Sa" can people and animals be safe and prosperous. Whenever there is a natural disaster or man-made disaster in the stockade, it is considered that "Sa" did not take good care of it and "Sa" did not bless the stockade. Therefore, the Dong people worship "Sa" from generation to generation. The activity of offering sacrifices to "Sa" is also very grand, and we can't be careless. Sacrificing "Sa" has a certain superstitious color, but it also has the side of inheriting Dong culture.
Marriage custom of grabbing chicken in Dong drum tower
Up to now, there is still a little-known special wedding custom-Drum Tower Snatching Chicken in congjiang county, a Dong area in southern Guizhou Province.
The custom of cousin marriage once prevailed in Dong history, but it basically doesn't exist today. However, in some places in the southern Dong area, there is still the custom of giving "bride price" to my uncle's family. In some places, there is a custom that cousins invite partners to rob their cousins of "black rice", which is called "Goujiannen" in Dong dialect.
Like other Dong villages in Liu Dong, the marriage customs in Gantuan area generally go through several processes, such as asking relatives, betrothal, giving gifts, receiving relatives, returning to the door and leaving home. All brides who got married years ago plan to go home on the second day of the first lunar month. When going home, the groom took dozens of black rice, pork, chicken, Ciba, popcorn, candy and the bride with him. Snatching chicken from Drum Tower is one of the important contents of wedding activities. The chicken snatching activity is held between cousins. As long as cousins get married, no matter they are young or 40-50-year-old cousins, they must attend.
2011165438+1On October 29th, the Song Dong Festival was held in congjiang county, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, and local Dong compatriots showed the custom of "singing and sitting on the moon".
Singing and sitting on the moon
"Singing and Sitting on the Moon" is a very popular custom among young men and women of Dong, Miao and Zhuang nationalities in congjiang county. Young men and women choose friendly and like-minded friends from the age of fifteen or sixteen. Three or five girls in the village gathered in a female companion's house to spin, embroider and pad insoles, waiting for Lohan (a young man) to come to the door. The arhats bring their own pipa or cow leg piano and come to the place where the girls gather to get along with them.
Only marry, not marry outside.
For more than 700 years, the village rules and regulations passed down from generation to generation have been strictly written: don't marry outside, don't marry outside, and keep the secret of changing flowers and grass. It is understood that Wu, the ancestor of the village, proposed to control population growth and asked the village name to make village rules and regulations: a couple is only allowed to have two children, and whoever has more children will be punished according to the village rules and regulations. Those who have serious children will be expelled from the village forever and will not be allowed to return to live here.
Early marriage and no early childbearing
In Lizhan Village, after a man and a woman get married, the bride will still live in her parents' home-"in-laws". When the farm is busy, men and women can go to each other's homes to help with their work-"husband and wife help each other", and when the girl is older, they can live in her husband's house. In addition to strictly restricting marriage, Li Zhanren will also severely punish divorcees. Those who file for divorce will have to hand in "300 kg of rice, 50 kg of liquor and 0/00 kg of meat", and all these things will be confiscated. After that, the divorcee is not allowed to continue living in the village.
True gender equality
In Lizhan village, there is also a special rule: the daughter inherits the cotton field and the son inherits the rice field. In addition, parents have to give their daughter a "girl field". If you don't give your daughter a "girl field", you will not only be teased, but also be divorced by the man. In the inheritance of the property of the elderly, the forest and vegetable garden are divided into men and women, the house foundation and livestock belong to the son, and gold and silver jewelry and cloth are brought to the husband's family by the daughter. Therefore, in Lizhan Village, China's traditional concept of "son preference" does not exist, but the real equality between men and women.
98% of families have a man and a woman.
In Dongzhai, Li Zhan, almost 98% of families have only one boy and one girl, and there are few boys and girls. There is an almost mythical secret hidden in it, which is to balance the sex of the fetus with a kind of herbal medicine called "changing flowers and plants". In the whole Dong village, not everyone knows the scenery of "changing flowers and plants", and only one person is qualified to know it. This man is called "pharmacist" by the people in the village. And "pharmacists" usually pass on women rather than men.