The first steam engine in the world was invented and manufactured by French physicist Denis Papan in 1688, and it had a cylinder and a piston. However, Papan's invention was not actually applied to industrial production. Ten years later, an Englishman, toy Seville, invented the steam pump, which was mainly used for pumping water in mines. 1705, after long-term research, newcomen synthesized the advantages invented by Papan and Seville, and created the air steam engine. & gt Watt is only the inventor of improving the steam engine, not the first person to invent the steam engine. In the 1st century AD, Alexander Hiro designed a similar machine .. 1698, and Thomas Zavili obtained the patent right to pump water with a steam engine. 17 12, Thomas Coleman, an Englishman, obtained a slightly improved patent for a steam engine. Niukaomen steam engine is inefficient and can only be used for coal mine drainage. The origin of steam engine
At that time, Britain had to solve the problems of coal mining and ironmaking, and coal mining needed strong power to discharge mine water. It is said that a mine used 500 horses to do this work, which greatly affected the profit of the mine owner. As a result, people began to design and manufacture various steam engines. & gt newcomen was the first to succeed. > newcomen 10 did experiments, and finally in 1705, the first steam-driven water pump was developed. Its working principle is that the steam engine has a vertical cylinder with an open top, the piston rod is connected to one end of a pivoting beam by a chain, and the sucker rod is connected to the other end of the beam by a chain. When the sucker rod descends, its weight lifts the piston from the cylinder. & gt At the same time, a valve is opened, allowing steam to be injected from the boiler into the cylinder under the piston. When the piston reaches the peak, the steam supply is blocked, another valve is opened and cold water is sprayed. The condensation of steam creates a vacuum in the cylinder, and the atmospheric pressure at the upper end of the piston pushes the piston down. This power stroke lifts the sucker rod, thus pumping water out of the mine. The birth of this steam engine is a major breakthrough in artificial power. However, due to the large coal consumption, it was difficult to apply it in places far away from coal mines and could not meet the needs at that time. It was Watt who fundamentally changed newcomen's steam engine. & gt 1763, a steam engine sent to an outside university was repaired by Watt. Watt and several others studied it in detail. Development of steam engine
& gt Before newcomen, many people were interested in using steam as production power. 1688, French physicist Denis Papan made the first simple steam engine with cylinder and piston. However, Papan's invention was not actually applied to industrial production. Ten years later, an Englishman, toy Seville, invented the steam pump, which was mainly used for pumping water in mines. 1705, after long-term research, newcomen synthesized the advantages invented by Papan and Seville, and created the air steam engine. & gt After careful study, Watt found that Newkman steam engine has many defects, mainly because it consumes too much oil, is clumsy and has limited application scope. Watt is determined to build a better steam engine than it. & gt Finally, in 1796, a single-acting steam engine with an independent condenser was manufactured. This kind of steam engine has obvious advantages over Newkman's steam engine, which can save 75% fuel. Watt is not satisfied with what he has achieved. 1782, he successfully built the steam engine. 1784, Watt improved it by adding a device to automatically adjust the speed of the steam engine, making it suitable for various mechanical movements. Since then, the textile industry, mining industry, metallurgical industry, paper industry, ceramic industry and other industrial sectors have adopted steam engines as power. & gt 1807, American Fuer put Watt's steam engine on board. Since then, the sailing era of the shipping industry has ended. & gt 18 14, an Englishman Steven put Watt's steam engine on the train, and a new era of land transportation began. & gt65438+ In 1930s and 1940s, steam engines were widely used in Europe and North America, also known as the "age of steam". & gt Watt died in 18 19. In order to commemorate his great invention, later generations called the power calculation unit of generators and motors "Watt". The power of modern household lamps, electric heaters and electric irons are all called "Watt", which is the abbreviation of "Watt" and also to commemorate his outstanding contribution to mankind.