First, the basic sentence patterns
According to the usage or mood of the sentence, the sentence can be divided into declarative sentence, interrogative sentence, imperative sentence and exclamatory sentence.
A sentence that explains one thing and expresses a declarative tone is called a declarative sentence.
A sentence that asks a question and expresses a questioning mood is called a question.
What China people are asked or expected to do or not to do is an imperative sentence to express the imperative mood.
Sentences that express exclamatory mood are called exclamatory sentences.
Exercise:
1. Read the following sentences aloud and pay attention to the tone. Fill the brackets with declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences.
The story told by Grandpa Sun Jingxiu is very vivid. ( )
He asked so innocently that everyone was amused. ( )
How happy we are to study in such a classroom! ( )
In autumn, a bunch of grapes hang under the green leaves, red, white, purple, crimson and light green, colorful and beautiful! ( )
Who can weigh an elephant? ( )
Mother is taking a nap, please speak quietly. ( )
Please take good care of flowers and trees. ( )
Second, rewrite the sentence as required
First, change it to "ba"
1. At my request, I finally kept a piece of snow.
2. Song Wu tried to hold down the blade.
Change it into "Bei" sentence
1, the small pagoda was spotless by water drops.
2. The people of China made every effort to fight against SARS, and the epidemic situation of SARS was effectively contained.
C, change it into a rhetorical question
1, I think the king of Qin was insincere and had to send Cai Mao back to Zhao.
These three grams of radium embody Madame Curie's great personality.
The charming Zhang family is a veritable fairyland on earth.
Stubborn athletes are our role models.
The present conditions are so good that we should study hard.
6. We can do what others can do.
The speech moved the audience to tears.
You can't be so rude.
9. We can't ignore the indiscipline of a few students.
10. If we don't study hard now, we won't be able to take part in the construction of our motherland when we grow up.
1 1, the rotten and soft mud can't bear such a heavy old elephant.
12, my heart, stay in the blue sky of the motherland.
Turn it into a declarative sentence
1. How can we not be happy when we hear that Beijing has successfully applied for the Olympic Games?
Isn't that a happy song played by the waves?
You have paid such a high price for us, isn't it enough to show your friendship to the people of China?
4. Even if these ideas can be realized, how many people can live?
If you are not from your own family, shouldn't you care about each other?
6. Can you break your word?
Isn't that a happy song played by the waves?
8. You found it yourself. How can I help you?
9. Madame Curie only needs to sign the patent book, and all the difficulties will be solved.
10 Since the seeds sown by my teachers have blossomed and borne fruit on their own students, why can't the seeds sown by us blossom and bear fruit on their own students?
Interchange between quoted sentences and transitive sentences
I. Changes in punctuation marks
Quoting sentences should be changed into transitive sentences, colons and quotation marks should be changed into commas. Change the transitive sentence into a quotation sentence with colon quotation marks.
Second, the change of people.
1. Quoting refers to directly quoting others' words, and paraphrasing refers to paraphrasing others' words. Therefore, when the quoted sentence is changed to a transitive sentence, the first person "I" of the speaker should be changed to the third person "he" or "she". Zhang Tong said: "I must insist on long-distance running." Zhang Tong said that he must insist on long-distance running.
2. Change the law when the quoted content involves other people.
My sister said, "You're right, I'll do it." My sister said I was right, so she did. The above example involves the second person, and it should be changed to the first person when it is changed to a transitive sentence. It should also be noted that the contents before the colon and quotation marks remain unchanged.
3. Transitive sentences should be changed into quotation sentences, the third person "he" or "she" should be changed into the first person "I", and the speech content involving the first person should be changed into the second person.
The old monitor said he didn't finish the task and take care of us.
Change: The old monitor said, "I didn't finish the task and didn't take good care of you."
First change the name of the following sentence into another way.
The beautiful girl said: I am the daughter of wisdom.
A Taiwan Province compatriot said that he is from China and he loves China.
Xiao Ming happily told his mother that he bought a copy of Lei Feng Diary in Xinhua Bookstore.
Second, change direct quotation into indirect quotation.
1, dad said, "Xiao Tian is ill, would I not know?"
Teacher Wang said to his classmates, "If it rains tomorrow, we won't go for an autumn outing."
The young mother said, "You are so old, I just need to stand for a while."
4. Wang Jun said shyly, "That was my fault. I shouldn't have broken your pen.
Third, imitate the format of the following two sentences, use your imagination, and then write three figurative sentences about books (the proportion of words is slightly more).
Books are the key to wisdom.
Books are ladders to help people climb the ideal peak. ( 1)_______________________________________________
(2)_______________________________________________
(3)_______________________________________________
2. Please imitate the following sentences in Zhu Ziqing's "Spring" and write two figurative sentences on the topic of "Rising Sun or Sunset".
Spring is like a newborn doll. It's new from head to toe and still growing.
Spring is like a little girl, dressed up and walking with a smile.
Spring is like a strong young man with iron arms and legs, leading us forward.
Please draw up an advertisement in one sentence to introduce my hometown to tourists all over the world, so as to attract tourists all over the world.
______ ______
4. Expand the association and continue to write a sentence on the horizontal line below.
Nature can give us a lot of enlightenment: the mature ear of rice is low-headed, which is enlightening us to be modest;
A group of ants carried away the bones, which is the revelation that we should be new;
______________ _____________ 。
5. Imitate the following sentences and continue to write two sentences to form sentences related to the meaning of the previous article.
Money can buy food, but it can't buy appetite; Money can buy medicine, but not health;
________ ________,_______ _________;
_______ _________,________ _______。
6. For example, you chose a high mountain and a rugged one. Choose tranquility, and you choose loneliness.
Imitation sentence: You chose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and you also chose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
7. Example: Stubbornness: You are a wall that makes people close themselves and can't see the outside world clearly.
Kite: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Friendship: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
8. Happiness is the leisure of "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely";
Happiness is the pursuit of "not afraid of clouds to cover your eyes, just to reach the peak";
Happiness is "planting a millet in spring and harvesting 10 thousand seeds in autumn";
Happiness is our concern.
9. Motherly love is sunshine, which warms our young hearts.
Motherly love is a breeze that soothes our inner sadness.
Motherly love is ...
Motherly love is.
10, imitate the form and rhetoric of the following example sentences, choose two more metaphors of life from "tree", "flower" and "fruit" to continue writing, and form a parallel sentence with similar meaning with the previous group of sentences.
If life is a grass, I would like to offer a little green for spring;
If life is ();
If life is (). 1 1. Example: Motherly love is a ray of sunshine, which will warm your heart even in cold winter. Motherly love is a clear spring, which makes your feelings pure and clear even if they are covered with the dust of years.
Imitation: fatherly love is
Fatherly love is
Compass: I am proud that your life is complete. Poor guy, you've never had contact with Founder in your life.
Eraser: Poor thing.
That's great.
Lotus root: No matter living in water or mud, you can keep a pure soul.
Ear of grain:
Bamboo:
Fourth, expand sentences.
Sentence expansion is to add some appropriate decorative or restrictive words to the trunk of a sentence to make the content of the sentence rich, concrete and vivid. An extended sentence cannot increase the basic components of the original sentence and does not change its meaning.
Exercise:
1, floral fragrance.
2. The students attend the literary evening.
I read books for primary school students every day.
4. stamps are filled with feelings.
5. Giant Panda Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan are chewing bamboo leaves.
6. Darwin collected insects.
Third, modify the sick sentences.
The common types of ill sentences are: incomplete components, improper collocation of words, repetition, inversion of word order, inconsistency, improper classification and irrationality. To modify a sick sentence, we must first find out the cause of the sick sentence, and then "suit the remedy to the case" and seriously modify it. Finally, we must carefully check whether the meaning of the sentence is correct and the structure is complete. Remember, we must follow the principle of "not changing the original intention" when modifying sick sentences.
Exercise:
(A) improper use of words
1, the street is full of lettuce, leeks, chickens and ducks and agricultural and sideline products.
Today is the first day of school. He is wearing new clothes.
The teacher looked at us with kind tone and kind eyes.
He has formed the good habit of getting up early to exercise.
After hearing this story, I laughed in unison.
6. Jiuzhaigou scenic spot in autumn is a beautiful season.
7. Our living standard is constantly improving.
(B) the repetition of meaning
1, he often recalls the past.
I can't help cheering for Wang Min's wonderful performance.
Xiaoming listened attentively to the teacher.
Father kept his usual strict attitude.
This semester, Wang Jia's writing level has made great progress and improvement.
(3) The word order is reversed
1, we should use and understand the words we have learned.
We discussed and listened to the headmaster's report.
3. Natural science is very interested in me.
The history museum exhibited a large number of newly unearthed cultural relics more than two thousand years ago.
This is an interesting book of mine.
(d) lack of ingredients
1, words and deeds are a very bad thing.
2, 10 June 13, finally put on the red scarf.
We must adapt to it consciously.
4. Enjoy the clouds in Alishan all the way.
(5) Inconsistent
1, everyone pay attention to hygiene, health and disease are guaranteed.
There are many artistic treasures in China, and the exquisite murals in Mogao Grottoes are unique.
The square is full of colorful red flags.
Wan Li Great Wall, Palace Museum and Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge are historical sites that Chinese and foreign tourists yearn for.
I have finished the fourth grade and haven't graduated for a year.
(6) Improper collocation (including related words)
At the party, the students sang many beautiful songs and dances.
Students should establish a good habit of caring for public property.
In spite of the bad weather, we always get to school on time.
Xiaoming not only studies hard, but also gets good grades.
Xiaogang likes playing football and table tennis.
Xiaoming got good grades because he studied hard.
7. This article is rich in content and diverse in forms.
Exercise:
(1) My hometown is Jinan.
I'm sure that Zhang Ming may get full marks in this exam.
(3) To protect your teeth, keep brushing your teeth every day.
We discussed and listened to the headmaster's report.
(5) It's raining, so I immediately put away my neighbor's quilt.
I finished the fifth grade and haven't graduated for a year.
If everyone pays attention to hygiene, our health and diseases will be guaranteed.
Hearing his story, I couldn't help laughing.
This fairy tale aroused my interest.
(10) There are tomatoes, cucumbers, watermelons, peppers and other vegetables in the garden.
(1 1) This composition is rich in ideas and contents.
(12) Grandma has strong legs and feet because she is old.
(13) Recently, the overall Chinese score of the whole class has been improved.
(14) In physical education class, all the classmates wore sports shoes, but I was the only one who didn't.
(15) After class, the campus suddenly became lively.
(16) In the autumn fields, the ripeness and fragrance of fruits can be seen everywhere.
(17) I guess he must be in grade six.
(18) Lushan Waterfall, Daming Lake and Baotu Spring are three famous scenic spots in Jinan.
(19) We adopted and discussed the squadron scheme.
Xiao Ming knows that he is wrong, and his heart is heavy.
(2 1) The beautiful forest in summer is the most beautiful season of the year.
Papermaking is one of the four great inventions in China.
There are old people, workers, farmers, teachers and students who come to visit.
Fourth, related sentences
According to the structure of sentences, sentences can be divided into simple sentences and complex sentences. A complex sentence refers to a sentence that can be divided into two or more sentences equivalent to a single sentence. Every single sentence form in a complex sentence is called a clause. Clauses in the same complex sentence are related to saying yes and are connected by related words, so they are also called related sentences. There are seven common related sentences, each of which is related.
Sentences have their own commonly used related words.
1. coordinate relationship. The relationship between the parts of a sentence is juxtaposed. The related words that express the coordinate relationship mainly include "existing"
2. Progressive relationship. The context of a sentence generally means that the back has a deeper meaning than the front. The related words that express the progressive relationship mainly include "not only … but also …" and "not only … but also …" and so on.
3. Choose a relationship. List several situations in the sentence and ask to choose one from them. The related words that express the choice relationship are "either/or" and "or".
4. Turning relationship. Generally speaking, a sentence is preceded by a meaning, followed by a turn, which is contrary to the previous meaning. The related words that express the turning relationship mainly include "although … or ……" and "although … but ……".
5. Hypothetical relationship. The first part of the sentence assumes a situation, and the second part is the result of the realization of the hypothetical situation. The related words that express the hypothetical relationship mainly include "if …", "even if …" and "even if …".
6. Conditional relationship. The condition is put forward in front of the sentence, and the result will be explained later under this condition. The related words expressing conditional relations mainly include "as long as …", "only …", "no matter …" and "no matter … always …".
7. Causality. Generally speaking, the first part of a sentence indicates the cause and the second part indicates the result. The related words expressing causality mainly include "because …" and "since …".
8. weigh the relationship. One part of the sentence tells the story of abandonment, and the other part tells the story of adoption. The related words that express the trade-off relationship mainly include "I would rather ... than ..." and "I would rather ...".
Pay attention to the following points when using related words:
1, related words usually appear in pairs, and only a few are used alone. (such as "but", "but", "therefore" and so on. )
2. Most related words have certain collocation habits and cannot be combined arbitrarily.
3. Related words play a connecting role, and two sentences can be combined into one sentence.
Exercise:
Add appropriate related words to the following sentences to understand the meaning of the sentences.
1, John Yang in our class () plays football and () likes playing basketball.
2. Zhang Hua () studies well by himself and () is willing to help others.
On weekends, we () go to the park () for an outing.
Our country is not developed enough now. () In a few years, there will be great development.
5. () If you are ill and are not treated in time, () will become more and more serious.
6. () Be polite inside and outside the school.
7. () Xiaoguang made great progress and was praised by teachers and classmates.
8. The heroic armed police soldier () sacrificed himself and () retreated half a step.
It will be fine tomorrow, and my family will go to Xiangshan to see the red leaves.
10. In the old society, farmers () had a good year, but () had a bad life.
1 1, () How hard it is, we () can finish this task.
12, () Only those who are not afraid of difficulties can climb the peak of science.
13, () What a difficult job. Once Xiao Ming's father has it, () can be easily done.
14, () study hard and your grades () will definitely improve.
15\ () You promised to go swimming with Lingling, () You should find her on time.
16, () Xiaoming listens carefully in class, () finishes his homework quickly and well.
17, ordinary people () can live such a good life, () the party's reform and opening up policy is good.
18, () working overtime before the exam, () studying hard at ordinary times.
19, the revolutionary martyr () sacrificed himself and () betrayed the party's secrets.
20. He () cherishes his own things and () cherishes public property.