Whether it can be watered depends on the temperature. As long as the temperature does not exceed 28 degrees, watering should be done throughout the day, so that the ears can grow quickly and the maximum yield can be ensured. When the temperature is high, watering is generally not done during the day. Watering time at night depends on the temperature. Generally, watering can be done when the temperature drops below 28 degrees. When watering, pay attention to pouring with small water several times first, and then pouring with heavy water when the cold water drops the internal temperature of the fungus bag to about 28 degrees. This will prevent the occurrence of diseases and runny red roots.
Cultivation conditions
Black fungus is a saprophytic mesophilic fungus. Mycelium can grow between 6-36℃, but 22-32℃ is the most suitable; 15-27℃ can differentiate into entities, but 20-24℃ is the most suitable. Lushi County, Henan Province is because of its good The natural environment makes Lu's black fungus a geographically protected product. Mycelium can grow in planting materials and wood segments with a moisture content of 60 to 70%. When the fruiting bodies are formed, the water content of the earwood is required to be above 70% and the relative air humidity is 90 to 95%. Mycelium can grow normally in the dark, and the fruiting body needs a light intensity of 250 to 1000 lx during the growth period. For aerobic fungi, pH 5 to 5.6 is the most suitable. There are many methods for cultivating black fungus, including tree segment cultivation and plastic bag substitute cultivation.
Basswood cultivation
Artificial cultivation of black fungus originated in China around 600 AD. It is the first artificially cultivated edible fungus species in the world and has a history of more than 1,400 years. . In the Tang Dynasty, mountain people in Daba Mountain, Micang Mountain, and Longmen Mountain in northern Sichuan used the "log cutting" method to grow black fungus. This primitive planting method has lasted for thousands of years. In the Qing Dynasty, black fungus was also planted in Changbai Mountain in Northeast China and Funiu Mountain in Henan. The deciduous trees were cut down on the 39th day of winter and the natural spread of black fungus spores was relied on. It depends on the weather and the yield is extremely low. In 1955, Chinese scientific and technological workers began to cultivate solid pure strains of black fungus and invented the basswood punching inoculation method. This method greatly increased the yield of black fungus cultivated in wood segments. However, after completing a cycle of two to three years, the absolute yield is still not high. Each high-quality wood segment with a length of 1 meter and a diameter of 10 to 13 centimeters can only produce 100 to 150 grams of black fungus in three years. It is also often affected by natural disasters. Cut production. This method has only been used by a very small number of farmers in forest areas so far.
In-ground cultivation in plastic bags
This technology has changed the history of relying on wood to produce fungus, and has moved the cultivation of black fungus from forest areas to fields. The black fungus planted in plastic bags is made of sawdust and straw as raw materials, and is packed in plastic bags. Each bag contains 0.5 kilograms of dry materials. After sterilization, inoculation, and culture, the black fungus is placed on the ground in the field or under the orchard forest to grow the ears. The technology of growing black fungus in plastic bags in the ground has greatly expanded the raw materials and cultivation area of ??black fungus, greatly shortened the production cycle, and returned to the natural cultivation method to achieve natural and pollution-free products, which is more conducive to large-scale, mechanized, and standardized production, and has broad development prospects. .
The black fungus planted in plastic bags was successfully invented by the Edible Fungi Research Institute of Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province. In 1994, it was listed as the "National Key Promotion Plan for Scientific and Technological Achievements" and the "87 Poverty Alleviation Plan", and won the title in the same year. Two national invention patents (ZL 94110092.8; ZL 94110204.5). In 2000, it won the "Top Ten Outstanding Scientific and Technological Achievements in the National Edible Fungi Industry". In 2006, it received awards and support from the World Bank, the State Council Poverty Alleviation and Development Group, and the Ministry of Civil Affairs. With its "originating from nature and returning to nature" method, the black fungus grown in plastic bags adapts to the black fungus's "cold, cold, hot, dry and wet" living habits. The cultivation success rate, yield and quality are high, and it has become a black fungus. Mainstream of fungus cultivation.
Storage conditions
The suitable storage temperature for fungus is 0℃, and the relative humidity is above 95. Because it is a colloidal edible fungus, it has a soft texture and can easily become sticky and stiff. It needs to be ventilated regularly to prevent it from getting moldy.
Storage and transportation methods
It is difficult to store and preserve fungus. Even under suitable temperature and humidity conditions, it can only be stored for 2-3 weeks, so it is not suitable for long-term storage. It is only used for short-term preservation and storage of turnover transportation. Need to be packed in baskets, boxes or plastic bags.
Nowadays, the fungus is harvested and dried in the sun, which can greatly extend the storage time.
The fungus has been recorded in "Book of Rites". "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" mentions: "Those with beautiful taste are the fungi of Yue Luo." Su Gong's "Tang Materia Medica" records: "Mulberry, Sophora japonica, Pu, willow and elm, these are the five fungus...cook pulp porridge, Put it on the trees and cover it with grass, and mushrooms will grow." Zhang Zhongjing said: You can't eat the red fungus and the one growing on its back. According to "Shengshengbian": Willow moth nourishes the stomach, and fungus weakens essence. It is said that eating moths on old willow trees can replenish the stomach and regulate qi, while the fungus, which is grown from rotten wood, has a yin energy, so it has the harm of weakening the essence and coldness of the kidneys.