American National Standards Institute (ANSI) was founded in 19 18, and is a non-profit non-governmental standardization organization. The American government's departments such as the Department of Commerce, the War Department and the Navy Department, as well as the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM), the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), the American Society of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers (ASMME), the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the American Society of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) all participated in the compilation of ANSI. ANSI has actually become the national standardization center in the United States, and standardization activities in all walks of life in the United States are carried out around it. ANSI makes relevant government systems and civil systems cooperate with each other, and plays a bridge role between government and civil standardization systems.
ANSI coordinates and guides standardization activities in the United States, helps standard-setting units, research units and users, and provides standardization information at home and abroad. At the same time, play the role of the American Bureau of Standardization.
I. Organizational structure
ANSI is led by the executive board of directors, and consists of four committees: academic committee, board of directors, member parliaments and secretariat.
Academic committees include: Standards Implementation Conference, International Technical Committee, Patent Group, Standards and Data Business Committee, Authorization Committee, National Committee of the United States, etc. The Board of Directors consists of the Executive Committee, the Finance Committee, the Board of Directors and the Conformity Assessment Committee, the International Committee and the State Publishing Committee. Member parliaments include company member parliaments, government member parliaments, organization member parliaments and consumer rights parliaments. The secretariat is composed of senior executives, standard publishing office and management executive office.
Two. membership
At present, ANSI has about 200 members from industrial societies and associations and about 1400 members from companies (enterprises). Its funds come from membership fees and sales income of standard materials, and there is no government fund. The leading body is the board of directors composed of the chairman, vice chairman and 50 senior business representatives, exercising leadership. When the board of directors is not in session, the Executive Committee exercises its functions and powers, and the Executive Committee establishes a standard review committee composed of 65,438+05 people. Headquartered in new york, the satellite office is located in Washington.
The staff of American National Bureau of Standards (NBS) and the official representatives of many other agencies of the US government also participate in the work of American Standards Institute through various channels.
American Standards Institute has various technical committees on electrician, architecture, daily necessities, drawing and material testing.
Third, the working procedure.
Due to the diversification and liberalization of American society, the United States has formed a unique decentralized standard system. In addition to the standards formulated by enterprises and companies, nearly 400 professional institutions, societies and associations have formulated and published standards in their respective professional fields, and more than 580 organizations have participated in standardization activities. Its enterprise standardization work also started earlier and was quite effective. With the continuous expansion of enterprise scale, the standardization organization of enterprise management is also expanding. Some standardization organizations are led by management departments, and some are led by design units or process units. Enterprise standards are generally not external. In the year of 1996 alone, the standard increased by 4%, and the total reached 13056.
The American National Standards Institute itself rarely sets standards. ANSI standards are mainly written in the following three ways:
1. The relevant units are responsible for drafting, inviting experts or professional groups to vote, and reporting the results to the standard review meeting established by ANSI for deliberation and approval. This method is called polling.
2. Representatives of 2.ANSI's technical committees and committees organized by other institutions shall draft standards, and all members shall vote, and finally the standards shall be examined and approved by the standards review meeting. This method is called committee method.
3. Judging from the standards formulated by professional societies and associations, those that are mature and of great significance to the whole country will be upgraded to national standards (ANSI) after being audited by ANSI Technical Committee, and marked with ANSI standard codes and classification numbers, but at the same time, the original professional standard codes will be retained.
Most standards of American National Standards Institute come from professional standards. On the other hand, professional societies and associations can also formulate some product standards on the basis of existing national standards. Of course, you can also set your own association standards without following the national standards. ANSI standards are adopted voluntarily. The United States believes that mandatory standards may limit the improvement of productivity. The standards cited by law and formulated by government departments are generally mandatory standards.