Rana Varono I, the queen of Madagascar, is famous for her cruelty. She is called "Nero". She especially likes animals that stick to tin. Until her death in 186 1, she executed tens of thousands of people every year, and most of the prisoners were ordered to swim in the river full of crocodiles. For decades, prisoners have been swallowed, dismembered and even crushed to death because of the different animals used.
In Catalonia and India, prisoners are ground to powder by elephants. /kloc-In his book Around the World, Dumont Durvier, a travel writer in the early 20th century, described to us how he personally witnessed the execution of an elephant when he was in Ceylon: the elephant rolled up the captive with its nose and threw it into the air. The captive fell on the elephant's teeth and died through its body. The most humiliating thing is to use dogs to execute people, but it is widely spread all over the world, including the Middle East, Japan, Africa and even Europe.
In the era of Roman tyrant Nero Claudius Caesar, feeding prisoners to lions, leopards and other wild animals in the Colosseum was a cruel punishment. The Spanish exported this method of execution during their foreign invasion, resulting in thousands of Inka and Aztecs dying in the mouths of animals. Germans have a special punishment for female prisoners. They hung the female prisoner on a wild horse until she was dragged to death. Merovine fires and Franks occasionally use similar punishments. French history records the story that Brunao, the queen of Ostasia, was brutally punished by Croste II, the son of Fredegan, the queen of NoStrija. Some historians also say that she was dismembered to death. It doesn't matter, because dismemberment is an animal execution. Four horses are used to tie the limbs and separate them from the trunk. France and Britain often use this punishment to execute criminals who kill their elders.
In India, horses are usually replaced by cows or elephants. In Asia, the Middle East and Africa, dromedary camels are often used. You know, the former President of Chad, Isene Abray, the leader of the kidnapping gang, tied Major Garoban sent by the French government to a dromedary as an answer to the French government's demand for the release of hostages. For a long time, Kyrgyz, Huns and Mongols will also tie prisoners to ponytails and put them to death.
In Europe, even in the17th century, there were similar punishments, but they were rare. The most famous example is of course related to the name Maziba. After the Cossacks accepted Mazba, they elected him as the leader of the war in 1687. Pierre legrand wanted to use him to defend his border and resist the invasion of Le Le people, but he finally betrayed the Cossacks and threw himself into the arms of King karl xii of Sweden. However, the Swedes were defeated, and Mazba was tantamount to suicide. Maziba's execution scene attracted so many literary masters and painters, from Byron to victor hugo, as well as Horace Weilai, Devi, Chad Serio and so on.
The young attendants of Polish King Jean casimir V grew up in a Russian family, and some people say that he was brought up by Christians. Nevertheless, he brought an absurd and dissolute life to the Polish court. But he accidentally ran into an affair with a Polish nobleman, so he was stripped naked, smeared with asphalt, and tied to a fierce horse, which ran wild and dragged him to Ukraine.
Muller Alexandra, the chief instructor of the Ottoman Cavalry Corps, described to us that in the middle of the19th century, Turks stuffed cats into Christian hypertrophy shorts.
But I'm afraid no one can match the unimaginable fascination of the Romans with animal execution. There is a popular punishment in Rome called "blackmail to death", which is a kind of drowning. But before drowning, the Romans put the prisoner in a leather bag with a monkey, a rooster, a dog, a cat and a snake in it, and then sewed the mouth of the bag with thread. Of course, the choice of these animals is strictly symbolic, but the key is to let these animals leave deep scars on the prisoners. Egyptians have done the same thing, but they prefer to use crocodiles.
Throughout the Roman Empire, watching wild animals eat people is very popular, which is allowed by the code and has become one of the most fascinating programs in the arena and acrobatic field. We have reason to believe that this punishment originated from a traditional practice in Catalonia.
At first, this punishment was only used for foreigners and deserters of the Roman army. However, soon, the Romans used it for slaves as a sign of aggravated punishment.
Later, eating people by wild animals became the most insulting punishment, which was specially used for criminals, robbers, runaway slaves and Christians. Indeed, they are inseparable from the history of this kind of punishment, but the way of execution is far from their patent, and it has been a traditional way of execution long before they were used.
Generally speaking, before bringing the wild animals in, let the prisoners swim in front of the public and hang a sign around their necks, which says the reasons for the judgment. Then he was tied to a stone pillar or crossbar and the sign was nailed to it.
All kinds of wild animals are used in this punishment: lions, leopards, tigers and bears, but people also use stray dogs, wolves and even ordinary dogs. All the animals were really hungry for some time in advance, or were imprisoned near rage. Then they are pulled into orbit in a very elegant order. The audience often exceeds 10 thousand, and they are all good at it, with their own preferences: some like to watch tigers, because tigers eat all the prisoners at once; Others like to watch bears, but on the contrary, they tend to devour prisoners slowly and bit by bit.
Some people like elephants and bulls. They always crush the prisoners first and then throw them into the air. Diels was stripped naked and tied to a furious bull. And because of Joe Vardis and the immortal Li Jiwa, she was hung on the cow. Others have a special preference for wolves, fierce dogs or war dogs. These animals are also cruel. Their characteristic is to tear people apart slowly and for a long time, making them suffer endless torture. They always drag the prisoner to the beach in droves, making his body unrecognizable. The prisoner won't die for a while. Although he is still conscious, his limbs are so incomplete that, in Mashal's words, he is "not human".
Usually, wild animals are full after eating only half, leaving their dying prey behind, so they still have to give the prisoner another knife after the show.
It is not only wild animals that are used to execute the death penalty. Wild boar, cows and even goats can be seen everywhere in the arena, such as the Christian massacre in Lyon in 77 AD.
Christian execution records can often write some strange stories, and Androcles is one of them. A few months before he was executed, he pulled out a thorn in a lion's paw, so when he was thrown into the cheetah group, the lion killed the cheetah and saved him. Delex, the president of the arena, pardoned him because he believed that the lion was his protector.
As we all know, Buruna was also saved by a lion. People hung her in a net and tried to kill her with the horns of a bull. Adrian's Faustin and Jovette were also spared a yard by four hungry lions. Julian, the beast of Antioch Arena, is said to have just licked him gently. As for Ignace, the archbishop of the city, although strangled by a lion, he still kept his whole body, leaving no wound on his body.
But whether these narrow escape stories are true or not, how many people died of such punishment? Different people have made different estimates. Most ancient historians estimate that there are about100000 people. Others, such as gregoire, the author of A History of the Roman Empire, estimated that it was around 10000. According to the available data, this figure is a little too small.
The punishment of eating people with wild animals began as early as BC and lasted until the 5th century AD under the rule of the Christian Church.
In the past seven centuries, according to the different stages, this punishment mode of execution by wild animals has either prevailed or been relatively silent, and the execution mode has naturally evolved. At first, prisoners-sometimes one person and sometimes a group of people were executed at the same time-were bound to face the attack of wild animals. Later, they were no longer tied up, but they were still unarmed. Then, prisoners can get some light weapons, which can prolong the time of prisoners' resistance and panic. Some prisoners can even kill one or two wild animals before finally falling down. At first, the extension of the execution time was only to increase the audience's fun. Later, this execution was completely dramatic. After careful directing, the appearance of the beast and the death of the prisoner constitute the finale of the whole play. For example, people will dress the prisoner in Hera chris's costume and give him a scepter. In the last game, the bull will come out and throw him into the cloud.
Historian Huber Monteilhet once recorded that usually in a drama performed by an actor, we put one or two female prisoners. At the end, according to the logic of drama development, they will "possess" an animal with strong limbs, often a bear or donkey that symbolizes lewdness. If they are not dead, they will be hanged in secret on the spot.
These accidental dead prey deserve sympathy, but animals have also paid a heavy price. Because, even if they don't act as executioners, animals are still the first to bear the brunt among gladiators, in the killing of human beings and in the hunting in the arena.
No region in the world has so many carnivores as Rome. Many historians have pointed out that if all the hunting animals in Rome are gathered together, it will be the largest zoo in Europe. Roland Ogay drew our attention to several figures. For example, 9,000 livestock brought from Africa were slaughtered at one time during the celebration of the founding of the People's Republic of China. If we believe what Sutona said, 5000 of them were killed in public in one day. Historians say: "Rome has changed the animal situation in the mainland. When we think about the animals that have been exhausted in the Colosseum for nearly seven centuries, we really can't help but feel dumbfounded."
There are fierce birds, and psychopaths will not ignore them, because they are always looking for a unique way of execution. Isn't Zeus's execution of Prometheus an excellent example? The god of stealing fire from the sky, to some extent, is called the creator of mankind, tied to a rock in the Caucasus, so that the evil court can eat his heart at any time and let him never resurrect.
The Civil Code of Manu, a primitive Indian society, once stipulated that it was legal to use birds for execution. Prisoners are usually buried to their shoulders or necks, so that broadcasters can enjoy their feasts while they are alive. Similar situations often occur on wooden stakes and crucifixion, which are used to aggravate the suffering of prisoners. As described by Janina Aubuye in the book Daily Life in India before13rd century, "the fiercest birds of prey peck at their heads and eyes, and their beaks are as sharp as daggers". Indeed, prisoners, dead or alive, have to endure the attack of evil birds as long as they are thrown into the wild: in the East, they are vultures, ducks or other birds of prey, and in Europe, they are crows with small mouths and big crows. Let's recall this scene: thousands of crows hover over Monte weldon, and their mouths are dyed red with the blood of their captives! Man uses all animals to slaughter his own kind. Besides what we have listed, people also use insects, snakes, rodents and even insects.
Today, there is an Omun Temple in Napata, where priests feed crocodiles under the orders of Pharaoh elgar Mai. Viking Rania Rodbro was put into a locust snake barrel by a living piston. In France, the Netherlands and Britain, a very popular punishment method is to strip the prisoner naked, put a jar or cage on his stomach, and then put a mouse or Dormouse in it. Then light the pot and heat it, or use a small fire at the bottom of the cage to make those animals panic and run around. In order to escape, they will bite open the prisoner's stomach and go deep into his internal organs. In the Dutch city of Van, dozens of Catholics were executed in this way.
In some parts of Latin America, Central America and Africa, one of the most terrible punishments is to put prisoners in membranous-winged insects or ants, which usually move in groups of millions. They can eat everything along the way. It only takes 48 hours for a horse to be eaten up, leaving only a pair of bones. In the middle of18th century, this kind of "ant punishment" still existed in Morocco, while in some Indian areas of Brazil, Uruguay, Guinea and Arizona, similar punishments existed until the end of19th century. At the same time, dictators in some reform-through-labour prisons in the French archipelago still prefer this "slow death method". 1June, 893, a secret letter from prison was published in Lightning. We can read a record like this: "You see, although incredible, it did happen. You can see a man tied to a tree with an ant nest under it. The military police coated the prisoner's legs and buttocks with coarse brown sugar to lure cassava ants, because the ants' tentacles are sharp and strong ... "
Flying insects have not been forgotten. As early as BC 1500, Hittites had used bees to kill bee thieves. Eighteen centuries later, in Rome, the so-called "apostate" even the king used this punishment again, only with a wasp.
Can fish escape the imagination of these law enforcers and torturers? Of course not! Lipid carp and sharks, especially sea eels up to two meters long, are often used to execute the death penalty. Sea eels eat a lot, are cruel and tyrannical, have extremely sharp teeth, but have delicate and delicious meat. The Romans specially raised it to eat its meat. There are many live fish cabins in Diocletian, and prisoners are often thrown into them. He's just imitating Vittius Polion, a Roman gourmet famous for his cruelty. As early as two centuries ago, he punished his slaves in a similar way, even if they only made a small mistake. One day, August went to his house for dinner. During the dinner, a slave broke a wine glass and was thrown into a live fish boat. The angry king smashed all the glass products in the house and stuffed the fragments into the live fish boat.
Lions save heroes.
Andrews was a slave hero in Rome. Latin historian Oulu Zirzen told us his story. Androcles was arrested for being a Christian and taken to the arena to join the herd. But to the audience's great surprise, an African lion came to him and asked him to touch him, just like a tame puppy.
The king had Androcles brought to him and asked him why. Androcles told him that he used to be a slave in Africa. After escaping, he rescued the lion, pulled out the thorn that ran through his palm, and lived with him in a hidden cave for three months. The president of the arena, Deller, asked the king to pardon the death of Androcles. The king not only agreed, but even gave him the lion. Stories are circulated among the people to prove that animals can know people.
Huting
Altur Makin believes that tyrants in Asia and the Middle East often use lions, leopards and tigers as executioners. These animals, especially tigers, are often prisoners brought to court as "judges", unarmed or armed with an ineffective weapon, such as an unopened dagger. The court is made up of these six kinds of beasts. "If he is guilty," the author said, "these honest but hungry' judges' will mercilessly sentence him to death and swallow him. If the' judge' is not hungry, or the suspect seems to be not to their taste, he is considered or presumed innocent and can often regain his freedom. "
The Dutch traveler Stravorinas confirmed the existence of the Tiger Court, because he personally participated in the strange trial mode of18th century India. He said that a prisoner was thrown into the tiger's den, but fortunately escaped the trial of some "judges" because he rode on the back of the biggest tiger.
"This tiger looks easy-going because it lets its knight hold its tail tightly. The other tigers may not be so easy to deal with, but they dare not attack the prisoner because he is still sitting in such a distinguished position." The unfortunate man should have run for his life, but he was killed by the prince's guards.
Also in India, Bangladesh 18 12, two people were thrown to a tiger. One of them was killed quickly, but after two hours of fierce fighting, the other finally killed his "judge" with a so-called defensive weapon-a dagger without a blade. Not only was his death forgiven, but God also paid tribute to him and gave him many gifts. Until the middle of19th century, this kind of court struggle still existed in some parts of India and zhina. Because until then, people still thought that tigers were shouldering the sacred mission of punishing sinners.